Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"How to make a universe","authors":"Paolo M. Bassani, João Magueijo","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.103529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.103529","url":null,"abstract":"We establish the general conditions under which evolution in the laws of physics leads to violations of the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor for matter, resulting in matter creation or destruction. They make use of global time variables canonically dual to the constants of nature. Such times flow at a rate determined by what can be interpret as the chemical potential of the fundamental constants (in analogy with phenomenological clocks based on isentropic fluids). The general condition for violations of energy conservation is then that a matter parameter evolves as a function of a gravity clock or vice versa. This framework can be envisaged as the environment within which a natural selection scenario operates, powered by random mutations in the values of the constants of nature (or indeed any other variability in the laws in terms of the times defined above). The prize function is the creation of matter, followed by its preservation. This can be accomplished in an environment where diffeomorphism invariance is among the possible theories, with mutations modeled, for example, on the absorbing Markov chain. In such a setup, the diffeormorphism invariant state with fixed constants (or any nearby state) should be the absorbing state. John Wheeler’s “higgledy-piggledy” chaotic cosmic start therefore finds a realization in this model, where its own demise and the establishment of order and seemingly immutable laws is also a prediction of the model. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singular value decomposition and its blind spot for quantum chaos in non-Hermitian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models","authors":"Matteo Baggioli, Kyoung-Bum Huh, Hyun-Sik Jeong, Xuhao Jiang, Keun-Young Kim, Juan F. Pedraza","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.l101904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.l101904","url":null,"abstract":"The study of chaos and complexity in non-Hermitian quantum systems poses significant challenges due to the emergence of complex eigenvalues in their spectra. Recently, the singular value decomposition (SVD) method was proposed to address these challenges. In this work, we identify two critical shortcomings of the SVD approach when analyzing Krylov complexity and spectral statistics in non-Hermitian settings. First, we show that SVD fails to reproduce conventional eigenvalue statistics in the Hermitian limit for systems with nonpositive definite spectra, as exemplified by a variant of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Second, and more fundamentally, Krylov complexity and spectral statistics derived via SVD cannot distinguish chaotic from integrable non-Hermitian dynamics, leading to results that conflict with complex spacing ratio analysis. Our findings reveal that SVD is inadequate for probing quantum chaos in non-Hermitian systems, and we advocate employing more robust methods, such as the bi-Lanczos algorithm, for future research in this direction. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral densities from Euclidean lattice correlators via the Mellin transform","authors":"Mattia Bruno, Leonardo Giusti, Matteo Saccardi","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.094515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.094515","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral densities connect correlation functions computed in quantum field theory to observables measured in experiments. For strongly interacting theories, their nonperturbative determinations from lattice simulations are therefore of primary importance. They entail the inverse Laplace transform of correlation functions calculated in Euclidean time. By making use of the Mellin transform, we derive explicit analytic formulas to define spectral densities from the time dependence of correlation functions, both in the continuum and on the lattice. The generalization to smeared spectral densities turns out to be straightforward. The formulas obtained here within the context of lattice field theory can easily be applied or extended to other areas of research. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lorentzian OPE inversion formula: A geometric perspective","authors":"Pulkit Agarwal, Richard Brower, Timothy Raben, Chung-I Tan","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.106012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.106012","url":null,"abstract":"We give a new perspective on the Lorentzian operator product expansion inversion formula [S. Caron-Huot, Analyticity in spin in conformal theories, .; D. Simmons-Duffin, D. Stanford, and E. Witten, A spacetime derivation of the Lorentzian OPE inversion formula, .], building on [P. Agarwal , companion paper, Embedding space approach to Lorentzian CFT amplitudes and causal spherical functions, .]. We introduce an “auxiliary” fourpoint function that can be related to the traditionally defined ones via a Radon transform. The Mellin amplitudes associated with this auxiliary function can be shown to be equivalent to the conventional partial wave amplitudes. This has the intuitive geometrical meaning of a generalization of the projection-slice theorem. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum effects in near-extremal charged black hole spacetimes","authors":"Maria Alberti, Jochen Zahn","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.104061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.104061","url":null,"abstract":"We compute the semiclassical current and stress-energy fluxes both at the event and Cauchy horizon of a near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole. We consider a minimally coupled, massless, weakly charged scalar field in the Unruh state, describing an evaporating black hole. The near-extremal domain allows for an analytical treatment of the scattering problem of the Boulware modes both in the interior and exterior regions. We present this and explicit analytical expressions for ⟨</a:mo>j</a:mi>v</a:mi></a:msub>⟩</a:mo></a:math> and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟨</e:mo><e:msub><e:mi>T</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mi>v</e:mi><e:mi>v</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟩</e:mo></e:math> at the horizons, as well as estimates for <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟨</i:mo><i:msub><i:mi>j</i:mi><i:mi>u</i:mi></i:msub><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟩</i:mo></i:math> and <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟨</m:mo><m:msub><m:mi>T</m:mi><m:mrow><m:mi>u</m:mi><m:mi>u</m:mi></m:mrow></m:msub><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟩</m:mo></m:math>. We cross-check the analytical results numerically by bringing the radial Klein-Gordon equation into the form of the confluent Heun equation. Inserting these expectation values as sources to the Einstein-Maxwell equations, we find that at least in the near-extremal regime of small field charge, quantum effects drive the black hole interior away from extremality. Our work generalizes the known results for the real scalar field [Noa Zilberman and Amos Ori, Quantum fluxes at the inner horizon of a near-extremal spherical charged black hole, .] and is in agreement with recent work on charged fields in expanding Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter universes [Christiane Klein , Quantum (dis)charge of black hole interiors, ., Christiane Klein and Jochen Zahn, Renormalized charged scalar current in the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter spacetime, .]. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantization of Carrollian fermions","authors":"Ertuğrul Ekiz, Emre Onur Kahya, Utku Zorba","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.105019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.105019","url":null,"abstract":"We provide the first example of interacting quantized Carrollian Dirac fermions in four dimensions and investigate their discrete symmetries, including charge conjugation (C</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>), parity (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>P</c:mi></c:math>), and time reversal (<e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>T</e:mi></e:math>) transformations. As a toy model, we couple these fermions to a Carrollian scalar field using Carrollian Yukawa theory and compute the tree-level diagram, revealing an ultralocal interaction between the Carrollian fermions and the scalar field. This interaction, widely known as a Dirac delta interaction with time-dependent factor, frequently appears in quantum physics. We then address the renormalization of the theory by employing the Wilsonian procedure at one-loop order. Furthermore, we analyze the fixed points and stability properties of Carrollian Yukawa theory, comparing them with their relativistic counterparts. Beyond the specific Yukawa model studied here, we expect that our framework will have broader applications in Carrollian physics, particularly in understanding ultralocal interactions and their role in condensed matter systems, where similar phenomena arise in strongly correlated and nonrelativistic regimes. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BPS spectra of complex knots","authors":"Vivek Kumar Singh, Nafaa Chbili","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.106011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.106011","url":null,"abstract":"Marino’s Conjecture remains underexplored within the framework of S</a:mi>O</a:mi>(</a:mo>N</a:mi>)</a:mo></a:math> string dualities. In this article, we investigated the reformulated invariants of one-parameter families of knots <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</e:mo><e:mi mathvariant=\"script\">K</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">]</e:mo></e:mrow><e:mi>p</e:mi></e:msub></e:math> derived from tangle surgery on Manolescu’s quasialternating knot diagrams [C. Manolescu, ]. Within topological string dualities, we have verified Marino’s integrality conjecture for these families of knots up to the Young diagram representation <j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">R</j:mi></j:math>, with <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mrow><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</m:mo><m:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">R</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</m:mo></m:mrow><m:mo>≤</m:mo><m:mn>2</m:mn></m:math>. Furthermore, through our analysis, we have conjectured a closed structure for the extremal refined Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfeld (BPS) integers for the torus knots <r:math xmlns:r=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><r:msub><r:mrow><r:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</r:mo><r:msub><r:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">3</r:mn><r:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">1</r:mn></r:msub><r:mo stretchy=\"false\">]</r:mo></r:mrow><r:mrow><r:mn>2</r:mn><r:mi>p</r:mi><r:mo>+</r:mo><r:mn>1</r:mn></r:mrow></r:msub></r:math> and <x:math xmlns:x=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><x:msub><x:mrow><x:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</x:mo><x:msub><x:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">8</x:mn><x:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">20</x:mn></x:msub><x:mo stretchy=\"false\">]</x:mo></x:mrow><x:mrow><x:mn>2</x:mn><x:mi>p</x:mi><x:mo>+</x:mo><x:mn>1</x:mn></x:mrow></x:msub></x:math>, <db:math xmlns:db=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><db:mi>p</db:mi><db:mo>∈</db:mo><db:msub><db:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</db:mi><db:mrow><db:mo>≥</db:mo><db:mn>0</db:mn></db:mrow></db:msub></db:math>. As the parameter <gb:math xmlns:gb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><gb:mi>p</gb:mi></gb:math> of the knot diagram increases, the total crossing number of a knot exceeds 16, which we describe as a complex knot. Interestingly, we discovered the maximum number of gaps in the BPS spectra associated with complex knot families. Moreover, our observations indicated that as <ib:math xmlns:ib=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><ib:mi>p</ib:mi></ib:math> increases, the size of these gaps also expands. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasielastic lepton-nucleus scattering and the correlated Fermi gas model","authors":"Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya, Sam Carey, Erez O. Cohen, Gil Paz","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.096021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.096021","url":null,"abstract":"The neutrino research program in the coming decades will require improved precision. A major source of uncertainty is the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei that serve as targets for such experiments. Broadly speaking, this interaction often depends, e.g., for charge-current quasielastic scattering, on the combination of “nucleon physics,” expressed by form factors, and “nuclear physics,” expressed by a nuclear model. It is important to get a good handle on both. We present a fully analytic implementation of the correlated Fermi gas model for electron-nucleus and charge-current quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The implementation is used to compare separately form factors and nuclear model effects for both electron-carbon and neutrino-carbon scattering data. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noble dark matter: Surprising elusiveness of dark baryons","authors":"Pouya Asadi, Austin Batz, Graham D. Kribs","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.095025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.095025","url":null,"abstract":"Dark matter could be a baryonic composite of stronglyc upled constituents transforming under SU&lt;/a:mi&gt;(&lt;/a:mo&gt;2&lt;/a:mn&gt;)&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;L&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:msub&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt;. We classify the &lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:msub&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;SU&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;e:mn&gt;2&lt;/e:mn&gt;&lt;e:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;L&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;/e:msub&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt; representations of baryons in a class of simple confining dark sectors and find that the lightest state can be a pure singlet or a singlet that mixes with other neutral components of &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:msub&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;SU&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;i:mn&gt;2&lt;/i:mn&gt;&lt;i:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;L&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;/i:msub&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt; representations, which strongly suppresses the dark matter candidate’s interactions with the Standard Model. We focus on models with a confining &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;SU&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;m:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/m:mo&gt;&lt;m:msub&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;N&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;c&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:msub&gt;&lt;m:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/m:mo&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt; and heavy dark quarks constituting vectorlike &lt;q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;q:msub&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;N&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;f&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;/q:msub&gt;&lt;/q:math&gt;-plet of &lt;s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;SU&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;s:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/s:mo&gt;&lt;s:mn&gt;2&lt;/s:mn&gt;&lt;s:msub&gt;&lt;s:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/s:mo&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;L&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;/s:msub&gt;&lt;/s:math&gt;. For benchmark &lt;w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;w:msub&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;N&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;c&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;/w:msub&gt;&lt;/w:math&gt; and &lt;y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;y:msub&gt;&lt;y:mi&gt;N&lt;/y:mi&gt;&lt;y:mi&gt;f&lt;/y:mi&gt;&lt;/y:msub&gt;&lt;/y:math&gt;, we calculate baryon mass spectra, incorporating electroweak gauge boson exchange in the nonrelativistic quark model, and demonstrate that above TeV mass scales, dark matter is dominantly a singlet state. The combination of this singlet nature with the recently discovered H&lt;/ab:mi&gt;&lt;/ab:math&gt;-parity results in an inert state analogous to noble gases, hence we coin the term noble dark matter. Our results can be understood in the nonrelativistic effective theory that treats the dark baryons as elementary states, where we find singlets accompanying triplets, 5-plets, or more exotic representations. This generalization of WIMP-like theories is more difficult to find or rule out than dark matter models that include only a single &lt;db:math xmlns:db=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;db:mrow&gt;&lt;db:msub&gt;&lt;db:mrow&gt;&lt;db:mi&gt;SU&lt;/db:mi&gt;&lt;db:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/db:mo&gt;&lt;db:mn&gt;2&lt;/db:mn&gt;&lt;db:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/db:mo&gt;&lt;/db:mrow&gt;&lt;db:mi&gt;L&lt;/db:mi&gt;&lt;/db:msub&gt;&lt;/db:mrow&gt;&lt;/db:math&gt; multiplet (such as a wino), motivating new searches in colliders and a reanalysis of direct and indirect detection prospects in astrophysical observations. &lt;jats:supplement","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path integral measure and the cosmological constant","authors":"Carlo Branchina, Vincenzo Branchina, Filippo Contino, Arcangelo Pernace","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.105018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.105018","url":null,"abstract":"Considering (Euclidean) quantum gravity in the Einstein-Hilbert truncation, we calculate the one-loop effective action Γ</a:mi>grav</a:mi></a:mrow>1</a:mn>l</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msubsup></a:math> using a spherical background. Usually, this calculation is performed resorting to proper-time regularization within the heat kernel expansion and gives rise to quartically and quadratically UV-sensitive contributions to the vacuum energy <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:msub><d:mi>ρ</d:mi><d:mrow><d:mi>vac</d:mi></d:mrow></d:msub><d:mo>=</d:mo><d:mfrac><d:msub><d:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Λ</d:mi><d:mrow><d:mi>cc</d:mi></d:mrow></d:msub><d:mrow><d:mn>8</d:mn><d:mi>π</d:mi><d:mi>G</d:mi></d:mrow></d:mfrac></d:math>, with <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msub><g:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Λ</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mi>cc</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub></g:math> and <j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mi>G</j:mi></j:math> cosmological and Newton constant, respectively. We show that, if the measure in the path integral that defines <l:math xmlns:l=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><l:msubsup><l:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</l:mi><l:mrow><l:mi>grav</l:mi></l:mrow><l:mrow><l:mn>1</l:mn><l:mi>l</l:mi></l:mrow></l:msubsup></l:math> is correctly taken into account, and the physical UV cutoff <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msub><o:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Λ</o:mi><o:mrow><o:mi>cut</o:mi></o:mrow></o:msub></o:math> properly introduced, <r:math xmlns:r=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><r:msub><r:mi>ρ</r:mi><r:mrow><r:mi>vac</r:mi></r:mrow></r:msub></r:math> presents only a (mild) logarithmic sensitivity to <t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:msub><t:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Λ</t:mi><t:mrow><t:mi>cut</t:mi></t:mrow></t:msub></t:math>. We also consider a free scalar field and a free Dirac field on a spherical gravitational background and find that the same holds true even in the presence of matter. These results are found without resorting to any supersymmetric embedding of the theory and shed new light on the cosmological constant problem. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}