Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"Impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra","authors":"Dana Avramescu, Vincenzo Greco, Tuomas Lappi, Heikki Mäntysaari, David Müller","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.074036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.074036","url":null,"abstract":"We study the phenomenological impact of the preequilibrium glasma initial stage of heavy-ion collisions on heavy quark azimuthal correlations and spectra. Using our numerical solver, we simulate the transport of heavy quark test particles in an SU(3) glasma background field. The glasma field equations are formulated using classical real-time lattice gauge theory, and the heavy quark dynamics are described by classical transport equations numerically solved using the colored particle-in-cell method. For the first time, the effect of the glasma stage on the azimuthal correlations of c</a:mi>c</a:mi></a:mrow>¯</a:mo></a:mrow></a:mover></a:mrow></a:math> and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>b</e:mi><e:mover accent=\"true\"><e:mi>b</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">¯</e:mo></e:mover></e:math> pairs is studied. The resulting azimuthal width <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>σ</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</i:mi><i:mi>ϕ</i:mi></i:mrow></i:msub></i:math> exhibits a large and quick decorrelation due to the strong glasma fields. Further, we evaluate how the <l:math xmlns:l=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><l:msub><l:mi>p</l:mi><l:mi>T</l:mi></l:msub></l:math>-broadening in the glasma affects heavy quark <n:math xmlns:n=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><n:msub><n:mi>p</n:mi><n:mi>T</n:mi></n:msub></n:math>-spectra, which are initialized according to the Fixed-Order Next-to-Leading Logarithm (FONLL) heavy quark production calculation. The nuclear modification factor <p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><p:msub><p:mi>R</p:mi><p:mrow><p:mi>A</p:mi><p:mi>A</p:mi></p:mrow></p:msub></p:math> is extracted for <r:math xmlns:r=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><r:mi>c</r:mi></r:math> and <t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:mi>b</t:mi></t:math> quarks in the glasma and additional nuclear PDF effects accounting for gluon shadowing are included. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wilsonian renormalization group and thermal field theory in the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time-path formalism","authors":"Giorgio Frangi, Sašo Grozdanov","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.085034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.085034","url":null,"abstract":"We study perturbative Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) for the scalar ϕ</a:mi>4</a:mn></a:msup></a:math> theory at finite temperature to one loop order in the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time-path (CTP) formalism. By explicitly integrating out the UV modes, we show how effective interactions coupling the two branches of the CTP contour arise. This provides a microscopic derivation of the type of effective CTP actions used in the literature. While the full effective theory has no critical points, we instead proceed to study critical properties of the RG flow in a reduced space of complex couplings that characterize certain time-ordered correlators and show the existence of two novel fixed points in <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>4</c:mn></c:math> spacetime dimensions. We relate one to the Wilson-Fisher fixed point known to exist only in <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mn>4</e:mn><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mi>ε</e:mi></e:math> dimensions, and the other to the standard Gaussian fixed point. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is inflationary magnetogenesis sensitive to the postinflationary history?","authors":"Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Anish Ghoshal, Theodoros Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.083550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083550","url":null,"abstract":"Considering inflationary magnetogenesis induced by time-dependent kinetic and axial couplings of a massless Abelian vector boson field breaking the conformal invariance, we show in this article that, surprisingly, the spectral shape of the large-scale primordial magnetic field power spectrum is insensitive to the postinflationary history, namely, the barotropic parameter (w</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) and the gauge coupling functions of the postinflationary era. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right-handed neutrino production through first-generation leptoquarks","authors":"Gokul Duraikandan, Rishabh Khanna, Tanumoy Mandal, Subhadip Mitra, Rachit Sharma","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.075032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.075032","url":null,"abstract":"The collider phenomenology of leptoquarks (LQs) and right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) has been studied extensively in the literature. Due to their gauge singlet nature, the production of RHNs at the LHC is typically suppressed by the tiny light-heavy neutrino mixing angles. In this study, we explore a promising scenario where the presence of a LQ mediator significantly enhances the RHN production: the LQ essentially couples only to first-generation fermions (quarks and leptons, including the RHN), and the coupling with the first-generation RHN dominates. We consider all possible scalar and vector LQs that could lead to such a scenario. The prospects are better for the first-generation scenario than the other generations because of the enhanced parton distribution functions (PDFs) of first-generation quarks. The enhanced PDFs boost the production cross sections of LQs, particularly their single and indirect productions. Incorporating all production modes of LQs that result in a pair of RHNs, we estimate the discovery prospects by analyzing the monoelectron and dielectron channels arising from the decay of the RHN pair. We find that the indirect production of LQs is crucial in determining the discovery reach at the HL-LHC for the first-generation scenario. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum energies of solitons with different topological charges","authors":"N. Graham, H. Weigel","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.085031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.085031","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuum polarization energy is the leading quantum correction to the classical energy of a soliton. We study this energy for two-component solitons in one space dimension as a function of the soliton’s topological charge. We find that both the classical and the vacuum polarization energies are linear functions of the topological charge with a small offset. Because the combination of the classical and quantum offsets determines the binding energies, either all higher charge solitons are energetically bound or they are all unbound, depending on model parameters. This linearity persists even when the field configurations are very different from those of isolated solitons and would not be apparent from an analysis of their bound state spectra alone. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and decay of the X0(2900) state with different interpretations","authors":"Zi-Yan Yang, Qian Wang, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.076030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.076030","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of X&lt;/a:mi&gt;0&lt;/a:mn&gt;&lt;/a:msub&gt;(&lt;/a:mo&gt;2900&lt;/a:mn&gt;)&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; in the &lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:msup&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;B&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo&gt;+&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;/e:msup&gt;&lt;e:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;→&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;e:msup&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;D&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo&gt;+&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;/e:msup&gt;&lt;e:msup&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;D&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo&gt;−&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;/e:msup&gt;&lt;e:msup&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;K&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo&gt;+&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;/e:msup&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt; decay process indicates the existence of open flavor tetraquark states. We investigate the production and decay of the &lt;h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;h:msub&gt;&lt;h:mi&gt;X&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;h:mn&gt;0&lt;/h:mn&gt;&lt;/h:msub&gt;&lt;h:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;h:mn&gt;2900&lt;/h:mn&gt;&lt;h:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;/h:math&gt; state with the final state interaction mechanism, where we calculate the strong vertices such as &lt;l:math xmlns:l=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;l:msub&gt;&lt;l:mi&gt;g&lt;/l:mi&gt;&lt;l:mrow&gt;&lt;l:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;l:mi&gt;D&lt;/l:mi&gt;&lt;l:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/l:mo&gt;&lt;/l:mover&gt;&lt;l:mi&gt;K&lt;/l:mi&gt;&lt;l:msub&gt;&lt;l:mi&gt;X&lt;/l:mi&gt;&lt;l:mn&gt;0&lt;/l:mn&gt;&lt;/l:msub&gt;&lt;/l:mrow&gt;&lt;/l:msub&gt;&lt;/l:math&gt;, &lt;p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;p:msub&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;g&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mrow&gt;&lt;p:msup&gt;&lt;p:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;D&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:mover&gt;&lt;p:mo&gt;*&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:msup&gt;&lt;p:msup&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;K&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mo&gt;*&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:msup&gt;&lt;p:msub&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;X&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mn&gt;0&lt;/p:mn&gt;&lt;/p:msub&gt;&lt;/p:mrow&gt;&lt;/p:msub&gt;&lt;/p:math&gt;, &lt;t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;t:msub&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;g&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;t:mrow&gt;&lt;t:msubsup&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;D&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;s&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;t:mo&gt;*&lt;/t:mo&gt;&lt;/t:msubsup&gt;&lt;t:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;D&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;t:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/t:mo&gt;&lt;/t:mover&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;K&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;/t:mrow&gt;&lt;/t:msub&gt;&lt;/t:math&gt;, and &lt;x:math xmlns:x=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;x:msub&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;g&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mrow&gt;&lt;x:msub&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;D&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mrow&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;s&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mn&gt;1&lt;/x:mn&gt;&lt;/x:mrow&gt;&lt;/x:msub&gt;&lt;x:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;D&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/x:mo&gt;&lt;/x:mover&gt;&lt;x:msup&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;K&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mo&gt;*&lt;/x:mo&gt;&lt;/x:msup&gt;&lt;/x:mrow&gt;&lt;/x:msub&gt;&lt;/x:math&gt; in the framework of the QCD sum rule method. We find that for the interpretation of the &lt;bb:math xmlns:bb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;bb:msup&gt;&lt;bb:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;bb:mi&gt;D&lt;/bb:mi&gt;&lt;bb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/bb:mo&gt;&lt;/bb:mover&gt;&lt;bb:mo&gt;*&lt;/bb:mo&gt;&lt;/bb:msup&gt;&lt;bb:msup&gt;&lt;bb:mi&gt;K&lt;/bb:mi&gt;&lt;bb:mo&gt;*&lt;/bb:mo&gt;&lt;/bb:msup&gt;&lt;/bb:math&gt; molecule of &lt;fb:math xmlns:fb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;fb:msub&gt;&lt;fb:mi&gt;X&lt;/fb:mi&gt;&lt;fb:mn&gt;0&lt;/fb:mn&gt;&lt;/fb:msub&gt;&lt;fb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/fb:mo&gt;&lt;fb:mn&gt;2900&lt;/fb:mn&gt;&lt;fb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/fb:mo&gt;&lt;/fb:math&gt;, the branching fraction of the production process and the decay width are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the observed &lt;jb:math xmlns:jb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;jb:msub&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;X&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mn&gt;0&lt;/jb:mn&gt;&lt;/jb:msub&gt;&lt;jb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;jb:mn&gt;2900&lt;/jb:mn&gt;&lt;jb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:math&gt; could be interpreted as a &lt;nb:math xmlns:nb=\"http://ww","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No gauge cancellation at high energy in the five-vector Rξ gauge","authors":"Jaehoon Jeong","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.076031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.076031","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel R</a:mi>ξ</a:mi></a:msub></a:math> gauge in the five-vector (5V) framework within the Abelian Higgs model. In the Cartesian basis of the complex Higgs field, the 5V <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msub><c:mi>R</c:mi><c:mi>ξ</c:mi></c:msub></c:math> gauge ensures nondivergent tree-level amplitudes for each Feynman diagram in the high-energy limit. This framework pinpoints the origin of high-energy divergences in tree-level amplitudes for each diagram, providing a criterion for quantifying the degree of divergences from other gauges. The 5V description necessitates treating the Goldstone field as the fifth gauge-field component, offering deeper insight into the dynamics of massive gauge bosons, particularly its longitudinal mode. The impact of this framework is demonstrated by rigorously comparing tree-level amplitudes from the 5V <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mi>R</e:mi><e:mi>ξ</e:mi></e:msub></e:math> gauge with those from the conventional 4V <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msub><g:mi>R</g:mi><g:mi>ξ</g:mi></g:msub></g:math> gauge and the Feynman diagram gauge, the latter of which exhibits no gauge cancellation, similar to the 5V <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>R</i:mi><i:mi>ξ</i:mi></i:msub></i:math> gauge. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint explanation of the B→πK puzzle and the B→Kνν¯ excess","authors":"W. Altmannshofer, S. Roy","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.075029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.075029","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the recent branching fraction measurement of the B</a:mi>+</a:mo></a:msup>→</a:mo>K</a:mi>+</a:mo></a:msup>ν</a:mi>ν</a:mi>¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:math> decay by Belle II and its poor agreement with the Standard Model expectation, we analyze the effects of an axionlike particle (ALP) in <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mi>B</f:mi></f:math> meson decays. We assume a long-lived ALP with a mass of the order of the pion mass that decays to two photons. We focus on a scenario where the ALP decay length is of the order of meters such that the ALP has a non-negligible probability to decay outside the detector volume of Belle II, mimicking the <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:msup><h:mi>B</h:mi><h:mo>+</h:mo></h:msup><h:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</h:mo><h:msup><h:mi>K</h:mi><h:mo>+</h:mo></h:msup><h:mi>ν</h:mi><h:mover accent=\"true\"><h:mi>ν</h:mi><h:mo stretchy=\"false\">¯</h:mo></h:mover></h:math> signal. Remarkably, such an arrangement is also relevant for the long-standing <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mi>B</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</m:mo><m:mi>π</m:mi><m:mi>K</m:mi></m:math> puzzle by noting that the measured <p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><p:msup><p:mi>B</p:mi><p:mn>0</p:mn></p:msup><p:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</p:mo><p:msup><p:mi>π</p:mi><p:mn>0</p:mn></p:msup><p:msup><p:mi>K</p:mi><p:mn>0</p:mn></p:msup></p:math> and <s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><s:msup><s:mi>B</s:mi><s:mo>+</s:mo></s:msup><s:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</s:mo><s:msup><s:mi>π</s:mi><s:mn>0</s:mn></s:msup><s:msup><s:mi>K</s:mi><s:mo>+</s:mo></s:msup></s:math> decays could have a <v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><v:msup><v:mi>B</v:mi><v:mn>0</v:mn></v:msup><v:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</v:mo><v:mi>a</v:mi><v:msup><v:mi>K</v:mi><v:mn>0</v:mn></v:msup></v:math> and <y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><y:msup><y:mi>B</y:mi><y:mo>+</y:mo></y:msup><y:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</y:mo><y:mi>a</y:mi><y:msup><y:mi>K</y:mi><y:mo>+</y:mo></y:msup></y:math> component, respectively. We also argue based on our results that the required ALP-photon effective coupling belongs to a region of parameter space that can be extensively probed in future beam dump experiments like SHiP. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification uncertainty for transient gravitational-wave noise artifacts with optimized conformal prediction","authors":"Ann-Kristin Malz, Gregory Ashton, Nicolo Colombo","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.084078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.084078","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in scientific research comes the need for reliable uncertainty quantification. When taking a measurement it is not enough to provide the result, we also have to declare how confident we are in the measurement. This is also true when the results are obtained from a ML algorithm, and arguably more so since the internal workings of ML algorithms are often less transparent compared to traditional statistical methods. Additionally, many ML algorithms do not provide uncertainty estimates, and auxiliary algorithms must be applied. Conformal prediction (C</a:mi>P</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) is a framework to provide such uncertainty quantifications for ML point predictors. In this paper, we explore the use and properties of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mi>C</c:mi><c:mi>P</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math> applied in the context of glitch classification in gravitational wave astronomy. Specifically, we demonstrate the application of <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:mi>C</e:mi><e:mi>P</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> to the Gravity Spy glitch classification algorithm. <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mi>C</g:mi><g:mi>P</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math> makes use of a score function, a nonconformity measure, to convert an algorithm’s heuristic notion of uncertainty to a rigorous uncertainty. We use the application on Gravity Spy to explore the performance of different nonconformity measures and optimize them for our application. Our results show that the optimal nonconformity measure depends on the specific application, as well as the metric used to quantify the performance. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy neutral leptons without prejudice","authors":"Nicolás Bernal, Kuldeep Deka, Marta Losada","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.075031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.075031","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) provide a compelling extension to the Standard Model, addressing the neutrino masses, baryogenesis, and dark matter problems. We perform a model-independent collider study, decoupling the active-sterile mixing angle (V</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) from the Yukawa coupling (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>y</c:mi></c:math>), and explore sensitivities at the HL-LHC for prompt and displaced decays. We also consider the possibility of HNLs being long-lived particles decaying in far detectors as FASER. In addition, we study the expected reach at FCC-ee for the prompt and displaced cases. For zero mixing, FCC-ee and HL-LHC sensitivities to <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>y</e:mi></e:math> are comparable, with Higgs width measurements imposing the strongest constraints. With nonzero mixing, sensitivities are dominated by <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>V</g:mi></g:math>, significantly constraining parameter space. This work highlights the importance of precision Higgs studies and displaced searches in probing HNLs at current and future colliders. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}