Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"No manifest T duality at order α′3","authors":"Steven Weilong Hsia, Ahmed Rakin Kamal, Linus Wulff","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.l061904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.l061904","url":null,"abstract":"When reduced from 10 to 10</a:mn>−</a:mo>d</a:mi></a:math> dimensions tree-level string theory exhibits an <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>O</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</c:mo><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</c:mo></c:math> symmetry. This symmetry, which is closely related to <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>T</g:mi></g:math> duality, appears only after certain field redefinitions. We find a simple form for a subset of these redefinitions at order <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mi>α</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>′</i:mo><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup></i:math> and show that they cannot be lifted to ten dimensions. This is inconsistent with “manifestly <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>T</k:mi></k:math> duality invariant” approaches such as generalized geometry (in the uncompactified setting). Such formulations therefore seem not to be the correct language to describe string theory. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General hierarchy of charges at null infinity via the Todd polynomials","authors":"Silvia Nagy, Javier Peraza, Giorgio Pizzolo","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.l061903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.l061903","url":null,"abstract":"We give a general procedure for constructing an extended phase space for Yang-Mills theory at null infinity, capable of handling the asymptotic symmetries and construction of charges responsible for sub</a:mi></a:mrow>n</a:mi></a:msup></a:math>-leading soft theorems at all orders. The procedure is coordinate and gauge-choice independent and can be fed into the calculation of both tree and loop-level soft limits. We find a hierarchy in the extended phase space controlled by the Bernoulli numbers arising in Todd genus computations. We give an example of a calculation at tree level, in radial gauge, where we also uncover recursion relations at all orders for the equations of motion and charges. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the sensitivity to seesaw mechanism predictions in gauged B−L scenarios","authors":"Francesco Capozzi, Bhaskar Dutta, Gajendra Gurung, Wooyoung Jang, Ian M. Shoemaker, Adrian Thompson, Jaehoon Yu","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.055036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.055036","url":null,"abstract":"New gauge bosons coupled to heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are simple and well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model. In searches for HNLs in proton fixed-target experiments, we find that a large population of gauge bosons (Z</a:mi>′</a:mo></a:msup></a:math>) produced by proton bremsstrahlung may decay to HNLs, leading to a significant improvement in existing bounds on the (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>m</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mi>HNL</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>U</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mi>α</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msub></c:mrow></c:math>), where <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mi>U</e:mi><e:mi>α</e:mi></e:msub></e:math> represent the mixing between HNL and the active neutrinos with flavor <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>α</g:mi></g:math>. We study this possibility in fixed target experiments with the 8 GeV proton beams, including SBND, MicroBooNE, and ICARUS, as well as DUNE and DarkQuest at 120 GeV. We find the projected sensitivities to additional <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msup><i:mi>Z</i:mi><i:mo>′</i:mo></i:msup></i:math>-mediated HNL production can bring the seesaw mechanism of the neutrino masses within a broadened experimental reach. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Witten diagrams in momentum space and one graviton exchange between scalars in Weyl invariant unimodular gravity","authors":"Jesus Anero, Carmelo P. Martin","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.066020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066020","url":null,"abstract":"We tackle head on the computation of the s</a:mi></a:math>-channel Witten diagram in momentum space corresponding to the exchange of a graviton between minimally coupled scalars in Weyl invariant unimodular gravity. By means of a lengthy calculation, we show first that the value of the diagram in question is the same as in general relativity and, then, we obtain a compact expression for it in terms of the Mandelstam variables. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting gravitational wave anisotropies from supermassive black hole binaries","authors":"Anna-Malin Lemke, Andrea Mitridate, Kyle A. Gersbach","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.063068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063068","url":null,"abstract":"Several pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently found evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB) permeating our Galaxy. The origin of this background is still unknown. Indeed, while the gravitational wave emission from inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHB) is the primary candidate for its origin, several cosmological sources have also been proposed. One distinctive feature of SMBHB-generated backgrounds is the presence of GWB anisotropies stemming from the binaries distribution in the local Universe. However, none of the anisotropy searches performed to date reported a detection. In this work, we show that the lack of anisotropy detection is not currently in tension with a SMBHB origin of the background. We accomplish this by calculating the probability for present and future PTAs to observe deviations from an isotropic GWB. We find that a PTA with the noise characteristics of the NANOGrav 15-year data set had only a 2%–11% probability of detecting deviations from isotropy in an SMBHB-generated GWB, depending on the properties of the SMBHB population. However, we estimate that for the IPTA DR3 data set these probabilities will increase to 4%–28%, putting more pressure on the SMBHB interpretation in case of a null detection. We also identify SMBHB populations that are more likely to produce significant deviations from isotropy. This information could be used together with the spectral properties of the GWB to characterize the SMBHB population. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replica analysis of entanglement properties","authors":"Arvind Shekar, Marika Taylor","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.066018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066018","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we develop a systematic analysis of the properties of entanglement entropy in curved backgrounds using the replica approach. We explore the analytic (q</a:mi>−</a:mo>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math>) expansion of Rényi entropy <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msub><c:mi>S</c:mi><c:mi>q</c:mi></c:msub></c:math> and its variations; our setup applies to generic variations, from symmetry transformations to variations of the background metric or entangling region. Our methodology elegantly reproduces and generalizes results from the literature on entanglement entropy in different dimensions, backgrounds and states. We use our analytic expansions to explore the behavior of entanglement entropy in static black hole backgrounds under specific scaling transformations, and we explain why this behavior is key to determining whether there are islands of entanglement. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum computing for energy correlators","authors":"Kyle Lee, Francesco Turro, Xiaojun Yao","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.054514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.054514","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, energy correlators have emerged as powerful observables for probing the fragmentation dynamics of high-energy collisions. We introduce the first numerical strategy for calculating energy correlators using the Hamiltonian lattice approach, providing access to the intriguing nonperturbative dynamics of these observables. Furthermore, motivated by rapid advances in quantum computing hardware and algorithms, we propose a quantum algorithm for calculating energy correlators in quantum field theories. This algorithm includes ground state preparation, the application of source, sink, energy flux and real-time evolution operators, and the Hadamard test. We validate our approach by applying it to the SU(2) pure gauge theory in 2</a:mn>+</a:mo>1</a:mn></a:math> dimensions on <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mn>3</c:mn><c:mo>×</c:mo><c:mn>3</c:mn></c:math> and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mn>5</e:mn><e:mo>×</e:mo><e:mn>5</e:mn></e:math> honeycomb lattices with <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msub><g:mi>j</g:mi><g:mi>max</g:mi></g:msub><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mfrac><g:mn>1</g:mn><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mfrac></g:math> at various couplings, utilizing both classical methods and the quantum algorithm, the latter tested using the IBM emulator for specific configurations. The results are consistent with the expected behavior of the strong coupling regime and motivate a more comprehensive study to probe the confinement dynamics across the weak and strong coupling regimes. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFT phase transition analysis of charged, rotating black holes in D=4 : A holographic thermodynamics approach","authors":"Abhishek Baruah, Prabwal Phukon","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.066022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066022","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the holographic thermodynamics of 4-D Kerr-Newman anti–de Sitter (AdS) black holes, focusing on the conformal thermal states that are dual to these black holes. We explore the thermodynamic behavior within specific ensembles characterized by fixed sets of variables: (&lt;/a:mo&gt;Q&lt;/a:mi&gt;,&lt;/a:mo&gt;J&lt;/a:mi&gt;,&lt;/a:mo&gt;V&lt;/a:mi&gt;,&lt;/a:mo&gt;C&lt;/a:mi&gt;)&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt;, &lt;h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;h:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;Q&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;h:mo&gt;,&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;h:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Ω&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;h:mo&gt;,&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;h:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;V&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;h:mo&gt;,&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;h:mi&gt;C&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;h:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/h:mo&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;/h:math&gt;, &lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;φ&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo&gt;,&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Ω&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo&gt;,&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;V&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo&gt;,&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;C&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt;, &lt;u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;φ&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mo&gt;,&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;u:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;J&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mo&gt;,&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;u:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;V&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mo&gt;,&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;C&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;/u:mrow&gt;&lt;/u:math&gt;, (&lt;/ab:mo&gt;Q&lt;/ab:mi&gt;,&lt;/ab:mo&gt;Ω&lt;/ab:mi&gt;,&lt;/ab:mo&gt;p&lt;/ab:mi&gt;,&lt;/ab:mo&gt;C&lt;/ab:mi&gt;)&lt;/ab:mo&gt;&lt;/ab:mrow&gt;&lt;/ab:math&gt;, and &lt;gb:math xmlns:gb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;gb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/gb:mo&gt;&lt;gb:mi&gt;φ&lt;/gb:mi&gt;&lt;gb:mo&gt;,&lt;/gb:mo&gt;&lt;gb:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Ω&lt;/gb:mi&gt;&lt;gb:mo&gt;,&lt;/gb:mo&gt;&lt;gb:mi&gt;p&lt;/gb:mi&gt;&lt;gb:mo&gt;,&lt;/gb:mo&gt;&lt;gb:mi&gt;C&lt;/gb:mi&gt;&lt;gb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/gb:mo&gt;&lt;/gb:math&gt;. Here, &lt;lb:math xmlns:lb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;lb:mi&gt;φ&lt;/lb:mi&gt;&lt;/lb:math&gt;, &lt;nb:math xmlns:nb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;nb:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;Q&lt;/nb:mi&gt;&lt;/nb:math&gt;, &lt;qb:math xmlns:qb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;qb:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Ω&lt;/qb:mi&gt;&lt;/qb:math&gt;, &lt;tb:math xmlns:tb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;tb:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;J&lt;/tb:mi&gt;&lt;/tb:math&gt;, &lt;wb:math xmlns:wb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;wb:mi&gt;p&lt;/wb:mi&gt;&lt;/wb:math&gt;, &lt;yb:math xmlns:yb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;yb:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;V&lt;/yb:mi&gt;&lt;/yb:math&gt;, and &lt;bc:math xmlns:bc=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;bc:mi&gt;C&lt;/bc:mi&gt;&lt;/bc:math&gt; represent the electric potential, electric charge, angular velocity, angular momentum, conformal field theory (CFT) pressure, CFT volume, and central charge, respectively. The inclusion of both charge and momentum significantly enriches the regime of phase transitions, leading to a variety of phenomena including first-order van der Waals-type phase transitions, (de)confinement phase transitions, Davies-type phase transitions, and second-order superfluid &lt;dc:math xmlns:dc=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection rules for RG flows of minimal models","authors":"Valentin Benedetti, Horacio Casini, Javier M. Magán","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.065024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.065024","url":null,"abstract":"Minimal d</a:mi>=</a:mo>2</a:mn></a:math> conformal field theories (CFTs) are usually classified through modular invariant partition functions. There is a finer classification of “noncomplete” models when <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>S</c:mi></c:math> duality is not imposed. We approach this classification by starting with the local chiral algebra and adding primaries sequentially. At each step, we only impose locality (T duality) and closure of the operator algebra. For each chiral algebra, this produces a treelike graph. Each tree node corresponds to a local <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>d</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>2</e:mn></e:math> CFT, with an intrinsic Jones index measuring the size of Haag duality violation. This index can be computed with the partition function and is related to the total quantum dimension of the category of superselection sectors of the node and to the relative size between the node and a modular invariant completion. In this way, we find in a very explicit manner a classification of local minimal (<g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>c</g:mi><g:mo>&lt;</g:mo><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:math>) <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>d</i:mi><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:math> CFTs. When appropriate, this matches Kawahigashi-Longo’s previous results. We use this finer classification to constrain renormalization group (RG) flows. For a relevant perturbation, the flow can be restricted to the subalgebra associated with it, typically corresponding to a nonmodular invariant node in the tree. The structure of the graph above such node needs to be preserved by the RG flow. In particular, the superselection sector category for the node must be preserved. This gives selection rules that recover in a unified fashion several known facts while unraveling new ones. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subregion-subalgebra duality: Emergence of space and time in holography","authors":"Sam Leutheusser, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.066021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066021","url":null,"abstract":"In holographic duality, a higher dimensional quantum gravity system emerges from a lower dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) with a large number of degrees of freedom. We propose a formulation of duality for a general causally complete bulk spacetime region, called subregion-subalgebra duality, which provides a framework to describe how geometric notions in the gravity system, such as spacetime subregions, different notions of times, and causal structure, emerge from the dual CFT. Subregion-subalgebra duality generalizes and brings new insights into subregion-subregion duality (or equivalently entanglement wedge reconstruction). It provides a mathematically precise definition of subregion-subregion duality and gives an independent definition of entanglement wedges without using entropy. Geometric properties of entanglement wedges, including those that play a crucial role in interpreting the bulk as a quantum error correcting code, can be understood from the duality as the geometrization of the superadditivity of certain algebras. Using general boundary subalgebras rather than those associated with geometric subregions makes it possible to find duals for general bulk spacetime regions, including those not touching the boundary. Applying subregion-subalgebra duality to a boundary state describing a single-sided black hole also provides a precise way to define mirror operators. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}