Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"Extracting more information from entropy","authors":"L. Araque, W. Barreto","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.106014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.106014","url":null,"abstract":"We extract the complex frequency of the lowest quasinormal mode (QNM) from the holographically computed entropy density near thermodynamic equilibrium. The system under study is a purely thermal supersymmetric Yang-Mills N</a:mi>=</a:mo>4</a:mn></a:math> plasma undergoing homogeneous isotropization dynamics. Starting from a far-from-equilibrium initial state, the system evolves toward equilibrium entropy, forming a stairway pattern. Our analysis reveals that the rate of increase of the stairway is twice the decay rate (imaginary part) of the lowest QNM. Based on this observation, we propose a model that explains how this information is encoded in the entropy. The model is further extended to include finite temperature, R-charge density, and scalar condensate, revealing an additional feature: the system’s dominant dissipation channel may shift to one driven by the scalar condensate, depending on the chemical potential. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling new physics signals at the HL-LHC with EIC and FPF constraints","authors":"Elie Hammou, Maria Ubiali","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.095028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.095028","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies suggest that global fits of parton distribution functions (PDFs) might inadvertently “fit away” signs of new physics in the high-energy tails of the distributions measured at the high luminosity program of the LHC (HL-LHC). This could lead to spurious effects that might conceal key beyond the Standard Model (BSM) signatures and hinder the success of indirect searches for new physics. In this paper, we demonstrate that future deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), and at CERN via FASER</a:mi>ν</a:mi></a:mrow></a:mrow></a:math> and SND@LHC at LHC Run III, and the future neutrino experiments to be hosted at the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF) at the HL-LHC, provide complementary constraints on large-<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>x</c:mi></c:math> sea quarks. These constraints are crucial to mitigate the risk of missing key BSM signals, by enabling precise constraints on large-<e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>x</e:mi></e:math> PDFs through a “BSM-safe” integration of both high- and low-energy data, which is essential for a robust interpretation of the high-energy measurements. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confined phases at finite density in the hardwall model","authors":"Akash Singh, K. P. Yogendran","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.106015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.106015","url":null,"abstract":"Anti–de Sitter/QCD models are being extensively studied because they seem to offer an entirely tractable and radically different approach to the phases of QCD whose region of validity is precisely the region of strong interactions. In this context, a missing ingredient has been the absence of a bulk description dual to a hadronic phase at finite baryon density. In this work, we discuss a class of backgrounds that fill this lacuna. Applying physically motivated boundary conditions, we obtain phase diagrams which compare reasonably with approaches based on the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasino model. We also show that such backgrounds can play a similar role in geometries with a dilaton field. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining the isotropic CPT -odd coefficients of the standard model extension by a combined DUNE and ESSnuSB analysis","authors":"Luis A. Delgadillo, O. G. Miranda, G. Moreno-Granados, C. A. Moura","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.095027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.095027","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an analysis that considers the isotropic C</a:mi>P</a:mi>T</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>-odd standard model extension (SME) coefficients, we find new constraints for them coming from a combined DUNE and ESSnuSB fit. Furthermore, we investigate the correlations of the standard oscillation parameters, the leptonic <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mi>C</c:mi><c:mi>P</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math>-violating phase, <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi>δ</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mi>C</e:mi><e:mi>P</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub></e:mrow></e:math>, and the atmospheric mixing angle, <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msup><g:mi>sin</g:mi><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:msup><g:msub><g:mi>θ</g:mi><g:mn>23</g:mn></g:msub></g:math>, with respect to the SME coefficients <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</i:mo><i:msub><i:mi>a</i:mi><i:mi>L</i:mi></i:msub><i:msup><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</i:mo><i:mi>T</i:mi></i:msup></i:math>. The combination of DUNE and ESSnuSB may establish the strongest limit on the diagonal coefficient <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo><m:msub><m:mi>a</m:mi><m:mi>L</m:mi></m:msub><m:msubsup><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo><m:mrow><m:mi>μ</m:mi><m:mi>μ</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mi>T</m:mi></m:msubsup></m:math> compared to the existing limits in the literature. We also consider the possible effect of the SME coefficient <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</q:mo><q:msub><q:mi>a</q:mi><q:mi>L</q:mi></q:msub><q:msup><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</q:mo><q:mi>Z</q:mi></q:msup></q:math> on neutrino propagation and discuss how this can affect DUNE limits on the coefficient <u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><u:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</u:mo><u:msub><u:mi>a</u:mi><u:mi>L</u:mi></u:msub><u:msup><u:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</u:mo><u:mi>T</u:mi></u:msup></u:math> found elsewhere. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-delayed gamma-ray signatures of heavy axions from core-collapse supernovae","authors":"Joshua N. Benabou, Claudio Andrea Manzari, Yujin Park, Garima Prabhakar, Benjamin R. Safdi, Inbar Savoray","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.095029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.095029","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy axions that couple to both quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics with masses on the order of MeV–GeV and high-scale decay constants in excess of ∼</a:mo>10</a:mn></a:mrow>8</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mtext></a:mtext>GeV</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> may arise generically in, e.g., axiverse constructions. In this work we provide the most sensitive search to date for the existence of such heavy axions using Fermi-LAT data toward four recent supernovae (SN): Cassiopea A, SN1987A, SN2023ixf, and SN2024ggi. We account for heavy axion production in the proto-neutron-star cores through nuclear and electromagnetic processes and then the subsequent decay of the axions into photons. While previous works have searched for gamma rays from SN1987A using the Solar Maximum Mission that observed SN1987A during the SN itself, we show that using Fermi Large Area Telescope data provides an approximately 5 orders of magnitude improvement in flux sensitivity for axions with lifetimes larger than around 10 yrs. We find no evidence for heavy axions and exclude large regions of previously unexplored parameter space. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explicit estimate of charm rescattering in B0→K0ℓ¯ℓ","authors":"Gino Isidori, Zachary Polonsky, Arianna Tinari","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.093007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.093007","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze B</a:mi></a:mrow>0</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup>→</a:mo>K</a:mi></a:mrow>0</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup>ℓ</a:mo></a:mrow>¯</a:mo></a:mrow></a:mover>ℓ</a:mo></a:mrow></a:math> long-distance contributions induced by the rescattering of a pair of charmed and charmed-strange mesons. We present an explicit estimate of these contributions using an effective description in terms of hadronic degrees of freedom, supplemented by data on the <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:msup><f:mi>B</f:mi><f:mn>0</f:mn></f:msup><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</f:mo><f:msup><f:mi>D</f:mi><f:mo>*</f:mo></f:msup><f:msub><f:mi>D</f:mi><f:mi>s</f:mi></f:msub><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</f:mo><f:msubsup><f:mi>D</f:mi><f:mi>s</f:mi><f:mo>*</f:mo></f:msubsup><f:mi>D</f:mi><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</f:mo></f:math> transition in order to reproduce the corresponding discontinuity in the <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:msup><k:mi>B</k:mi><k:mn>0</k:mn></k:msup><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</k:mo><k:msup><k:mi>K</k:mi><k:mn>0</k:mn></k:msup><k:mover accent=\"true\"><k:mo>ℓ</k:mo><k:mo stretchy=\"true\">¯</k:mo></k:mover><k:mo>ℓ</k:mo></k:math> amplitude. The <p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><p:msup><p:mi>D</p:mi><p:mo>*</p:mo></p:msup><p:msub><p:mi>D</p:mi><p:mi>s</p:mi></p:msub><p:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</p:mo><p:msubsup><p:mi>D</p:mi><p:mi>s</p:mi><p:mo>*</p:mo></p:msubsup><p:mi>D</p:mi><p:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</p:mo><p:mi>K</p:mi></p:math> vertex is estimated using heavy-hadron chiral perturbation theory, obtaining an accurate description of the whole rescattering process in the low-recoil (or high-<t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:msup><t:mi>q</t:mi><t:mn>2</t:mn></t:msup></t:math>) limit. We also present an extrapolation to the whole kinematical region introducing hadronic form factors. The explicit estimate of the leading <v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><v:msup><v:mi>D</v:mi><v:mo>*</v:mo></v:msup><v:msub><v:mi>D</v:mi><v:mi>s</v:mi></v:msub><v:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</v:mo><v:msubsup><v:mi>D</v:mi><v:mi>s</v:mi><v:mo>*</v:mo></v:msubsup><v:mi>D</v:mi><v:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</v:mo></v:math> intermediate state leads to a long-distance amplitude which does not exceed a few percent relative to the short-distance one. The consequences of this result for the extraction of the short-distance coefficient <z:math xmlns:z=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><z:msub><z:mi>C</z:mi><z:mn>9</z:mn></z:msub></z:math> are discussed. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipartite entanglement structure of fibered link states","authors":"Vijay Balasubramanian, Charlie Cummings","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.105020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.105020","url":null,"abstract":"We study the patterns of multipartite entanglement in Chern-Simons theory with compact simple gauge group G</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> and level <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>k</c:mi></c:math> for states defined by the path integral on “link complements,” i.e., compact manifolds whose boundaries consist of <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>n</e:mi></e:math> topologically linked tori. We focus on link complements which can be described topologically as fibrations over a Seifert surface. We show that the entanglement structure of such fibered link complement states is controlled by a topological invariant, the monodromy of the fibration. Thus, the entanglement structure of a Chern-Simons link state is not simply a function of the link, but also of the background manifold in which the link is embedded. In particular, we show that any link possesses an embedding into some background that leads to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state (GHZ)-like entanglement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all fibered links with periodic monodromy have GHZ-like entanglement, i.e., a partial trace on any link component produces a separable state. These results generalize to any three dimensional topological field theory with a dual chiral rational conformal field theory. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"alaric parton shower for hadron colliders","authors":"Stefan Höche, Frank Krauss, Daniel Reichelt","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.094032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.094032","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the parton shower for simulating quantum chromodynamics (QCD) radiation at hadron colliders and present numerical results from an implementation in the event generator . provides a consistent framework to quantify certain systematic uncertainties which cannot be eliminated by comparing the parton shower with analytic resummation. In particular, it allows us to study recoil effects away from the soft and collinear limits without the need to change the evolution variable or the splitting functions. We assess the performance of in Drell-Yan lepton pair and QCD jet production, and present the first multijet merging for the new algorithm. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement wedge method, out-of-time-ordered correlators, and pole skipping","authors":"Banashree Baishya, Adrita Chakraborty, Nibedita Padhi","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.106013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.106013","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate two salient chaotic features, namely Lyapunov exponent and butterfly velocity, for an asymptotically Lifshitz black hole background with arbitrary dynamical critical exponent. These features are computed using three methods: entanglement wedge method, out-of-time-ordered correlator computation, and pole skipping. We present a comparative study where all of these methods yield exactly similar results for the butterfly velocity and Lyapunov exponent. This establishes an equivalence between all three methods for probing chaos in the chosen gravity background. Furthermore, we evaluate the chaos at the classical level by computing the eikonal phase and Lyapunov exponent from the bulk gravity. In the classical approach, we comment on potential limitations while choosing the turning point of the null geodesic in our gravity background. All chaotic properties emerge as nontrivial functions of the anisotropy index. By examining the classical eikonal phase, we uncover different scattering scenarios in the near-horizon and near-boundary regimes. Finally, we remark on a possible classical/quantum correspondence from the analysis of classical eikonal phase shift and Lyapunov exponent. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiabatic state preparation for digital quantum simulations of QED in 1+1D","authors":"Matteo D’Anna, Marina Krstić Marinković, Joao C. Pinto Barros","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.094514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.094514","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum electrodynamics in 1</a:mn>+</a:mo>1</a:mn>D</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> (QED2) shares intriguing properties with quantum chromodynamics (QCD), including confinement, string breaking, and interesting phase diagram when the nontrivial topological <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mi>θ</d:mi></d:math>-term is considered. Its lattice regularization is a commonly used toy model for quantum simulations of gauge theories on near-term quantum devices. In this work, we address algorithms for adiabatic state preparation in digital quantum simulations of QED2. We demonstrate that, for specific choices of parameters, the existing adiabatic procedure leads to level crossing between states of different charge sectors, preventing the correct preparation of the ground state. We further propose a new adiabatic Hamiltonian and verify its efficiency in targeting systems with a nonzero topological <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mi>θ</f:mi></f:math>-term and in studying string breaking phenomena. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}