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Monolayer Chiral Metasurface for Generation of Arbitrary Cylindrical Vector Beams 用于产生任意圆柱矢量光束的单层手性元表面
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010057
Qian Chen, Peijun Liu, Yanan Fu, Shuoshuo Zhang, Yuquan Zhang, Xiaocong Yuan, C. Min
{"title":"Monolayer Chiral Metasurface for Generation of Arbitrary Cylindrical Vector Beams","authors":"Qian Chen, Peijun Liu, Yanan Fu, Shuoshuo Zhang, Yuquan Zhang, Xiaocong Yuan, C. Min","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010057","url":null,"abstract":"The cylindrical vector beam (CVB) has been widely studied and applied in recent years. However, many CVB generation methods suffer from complex systems, and large-size devices are required. Here, we propose a monolayer chiral metasurface composed of spin-sensitive unit cells which can generate different holograms for left- and right-circular polarization based on the combined modulation of geometric phase and detour phase. With a linearly polarized incident beam, the metasurface can generate CVBs with controllable polarization angles and orders, and even more complex vector beams. This work provides a new idea for the design of miniaturized optical devices for generating arbitrary vector beams.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sub-Nanosecond, High Peak Power Yb:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/YVO4 Passively Q-Switched Raman Microchip Laser with the Emission of Multiple Pulses 可发射多脉冲的亚纳秒、高峰值功率 Yb:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/YVO4 无源 Q 开关拉曼微芯片激光器
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010061
Xiaolei Wang, Chaoyi Zhang, Yanlu Zhang, Shengying Fan, Xinqiang Ma, W. Cheng
{"title":"Sub-Nanosecond, High Peak Power Yb:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/YVO4 Passively Q-Switched Raman Microchip Laser with the Emission of Multiple Pulses","authors":"Xiaolei Wang, Chaoyi Zhang, Yanlu Zhang, Shengying Fan, Xinqiang Ma, W. Cheng","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010061","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the capability of sub-nanosecond, high peak power Yb:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/YVO4 passively Q-switched Raman microchip lasers at 1134 nm operated in multiple pulses mode under quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) pumping. Total pulse energy for the Stokes laser was 1.8 mJ with a 4 mm YVO4 crystal and TOC = 16%. The corresponding pulse repetition rate reached 225 kHz within a single pumping pulse. By employing a compact plane-concave cavity and 5 mm YVO4 crystal, the single pulse energy for the Raman laser was further scaled up to 44 μJ. The corresponding peak power was 95 kW. A highest output pulse repetition rate of 87.8 kHz and shortest pulse duration of 464 ps were found for the Raman laser. The results indicate that the Raman microchip laser configuration under QCW LD pumping is a promising approach for developing high peak power, commercial and portable Raman lasers with a pulse duration of several hundred-picoseconds at a pulse repetition rate of hundred kilohertz.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139450106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooperative Terrestrial–Underwater FSO System: Design and Performance Analysis 地面-水下合作 FSO 系统：设计与性能分析
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010058
C. Álvarez-Roa, M. Álvarez-Roa, Thiago R. Raddo, A. Jurado-Navas, M. Castillo-Vázquez
{"title":"Cooperative Terrestrial–Underwater FSO System: Design and Performance Analysis","authors":"C. Álvarez-Roa, M. Álvarez-Roa, Thiago R. Raddo, A. Jurado-Navas, M. Castillo-Vázquez","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose, design, and evaluate a new hybrid terrestrial–underwater optical communication link for providing high-speed connectivity between land and underwater systems. A device based on an amplify-and-forward strategy is considered and used for the hybrid optical link. A performance analysis of the proposed hybrid system is then carried out, taking into account both the atmospheric and underwater channels and their respective degradation sources. Different networking scenarios and conditions are evaluated. To this end, the channel model of the terrestrial free-space optical (FSO) link is modeled using the Gamma–Gamma distribution, while the underwater optical link is modeled using the Weibull distribution. The former takes into account atmospheric and turbulence attenuation, geometric spread and pointing errors, while the latter takes into account underwater and turbulence attenuation and geometric spread. Accordingly, a new analytical closed-form expression for the bit error rate (BER), which depends on the cumulative distribution function of the holistic hybrid system, is derived. Analytical results show that pointing errors as well as atmospheric and oceanic turbulence seriously degrade the performance of the hybrid system. In addition, ocean turbulence leads to the occurrence of a BER floor in some scenarios. This is the first time that such a network is proposed and modeled under the assumption of critical channel impairments.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Design and Characterization of an Ultra-Compact Asymmetrical Multimode Interference Splitter on Lithium Niobate Thin Film 铌酸锂薄膜超小型非对称多模干涉分光器的设计与特性分析
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010060
Dechen Li, Jinye Li, Run Li, Jianguo Liu
{"title":"The Design and Characterization of an Ultra-Compact Asymmetrical Multimode Interference Splitter on Lithium Niobate Thin Film","authors":"Dechen Li, Jinye Li, Run Li, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010060","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and demonstrate a high-performance asymmetrical multimode interference splitter on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) with an ultra-compact size of 5.8 μm × (26.4–35.6) μm. A rectangle with a small region is removed from the upper left corner of the multimode interference (MMI) coupler to achieve a variable splitting ratio. Here, we design and characterize MMIs in six different distribution ratios ranging from 50:50 to 95:5 on a 600 nm thick LNOI. Based on the cascade structure, the linear fitting method accurately shows the device loss (~0.1–0.9 dB). Our fabricated devices demonstrate robustness across a 30 nm optical bandwidth (1535–1565 nm). In addition, we numerically simulate the Z-cut LNOI, showing that the structure corresponding to the TM mode can also achieve a good variable splitting ratio.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online Denoising Single-Pixel Imaging Using Filtered Patterns 利用滤波模式对单像素成像进行在线去噪
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010059
Zhaohua Yang, Xiang Chen, Zhihao Zhao, Lingan Wu, Yuanjin Yu
{"title":"Online Denoising Single-Pixel Imaging Using Filtered Patterns","authors":"Zhaohua Yang, Xiang Chen, Zhihao Zhao, Lingan Wu, Yuanjin Yu","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010059","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is inevitable in single-pixel imaging (SPI). Although post-processing algorithms can significantly improve image quality, they introduce additional processing time. To address this issue, we propose an online denoising single-pixel imaging scheme at the sampling stage, which uses the filter to optimize the illumination modulation patterns. The image is retrieved through the second-order correlation between the modulation patterns and the intensities detected by the single-pixel detector. Through simulations and experiments, we analyzed the impact of sampling rate, noise intensity, and filter template on the reconstructed images of both binary and grayscale objects. The results demonstrate that the denoising effect is comparable to the imaging-first followed by post-filtering procedures, but the post-processing time is reduced for the same image quality. This method offers a new way for rapid denoising in SPI, and it should be particularly advantageous in applications where time-saving is of paramount importance, such as in image-free large target classification.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"107 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Determination of the Sensitivity of Refractive Index Sensors 折射率传感器灵敏度的测定
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010056
I. M. Efimov, N. A. Vanyushkin, A H Gevorgyan
{"title":"The Determination of the Sensitivity of Refractive Index Sensors","authors":"I. M. Efimov, N. A. Vanyushkin, A H Gevorgyan","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010056","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to determining the sensitivity of refractive index sensors is proposed. It has been shown that relative and absolute sensitivity show different results, and also, for the first time, it is demonstrated that relative sensitivity has advantages over absolute sensitivity. In addition, the influence of the relative width of the photonic band gap and the difference in the refractive indices of the layers on the sensitivity are examined and the corresponding dependences of these parameters are obtained. We propose these parameters as a convenient tool for optimizing the sensitivity of sensors based on defective photonic crystals. Finally, results are obtained regarding the behavior of the defect mode at the center of the photonic band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystals.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"64 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generation and Dynamics of Multiple Pulses in an Ultrafast Fiber Laser with a Single-Mode Fiber–Graded-Index Multimode Fiber–Single-Mode Fiber-Based Saturable Absorber 使用单模光纤-分级指数多模光纤-单模光纤可饱和吸收器的超快光纤激光器中多脉冲的产生和动力学特性
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010052
Yatao Yang, Qiong Zeng, Yanzhao Yang, Geguo Du, Jianhua Ji, Yufeng Song, Zhenhong Wang, Ke Wang
{"title":"Generation and Dynamics of Multiple Pulses in an Ultrafast Fiber Laser with a Single-Mode Fiber–Graded-Index Multimode Fiber–Single-Mode Fiber-Based Saturable Absorber","authors":"Yatao Yang, Qiong Zeng, Yanzhao Yang, Geguo Du, Jianhua Ji, Yufeng Song, Zhenhong Wang, Ke Wang","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010052","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have investigated the evolution process and dynamic characteristics of a multi-pulse regime in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a single-mode fiber–graded-index multimode fiber–single-mode fiber (SMF-GIMF-SMF) structure as an optical modulator. By utilizing the excellent nonlinear optical absorption of the SMF-GIMF-SMF (SMS) device with a modulation depth of ~8.68%, stable single-pulse mode locking at the frequency of 9.84 MHz can be readily observed at low pump power. In addition, the single-pulse operation can evolve into a multiple-pulse regime on account of the peak-power-clamping effect via suitably raising the pump power and carefully regulating the polarization state. Further, the single-shot temporal evolution of multiple pulses is monitored, indicating that this state shows unique and interesting temporal characteristics with variable pulse separations and inconsistent pulse intensities, which, as far as we know, is the first such observation in ultrafast fiber lasers. Additionally, this study, based on the time-stretch dispersive Fourier transformation method, suggests that these multiple pulses consist of chaotic wave envelopes with erratic intensities and changeable pulse energy. We believe that these findings have profound implications for revealing fascinating nonlinear pulse dynamics in ultrafast fiber optics.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research Progress on Carrier-Free Phase-Retrieval Receivers 无载波相位检索接收器的研究进展
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010054
Yunhe Ma, Meng Xiang, Xiaoxue Gan, Can Wei, Wenzhuo Cheng, G. Zhou, Jilong Li, Jianping Li, S. Fu, Yuwen Qin
{"title":"Research Progress on Carrier-Free Phase-Retrieval Receivers","authors":"Yunhe Ma, Meng Xiang, Xiaoxue Gan, Can Wei, Wenzhuo Cheng, G. Zhou, Jilong Li, Jianping Li, S. Fu, Yuwen Qin","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010054","url":null,"abstract":"In order to deal with the chromatic dispersion-induced power fading issue for short-reach direct-detection optical fiber communication applications, such as the ever-increasing data-center interconnections (DCIs), optical filed recovery is intensively being under investigation. To date, various direct detection schemes capable of optical field recovery have been proposed, including the Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver, asymmetric self-coherence detection (ASCD) receiver, carrier-assisted differential detection receiver (CADD), Stokes vector receiver (SVR), and carrier-free phase-retrieval (CF-PR) receiver. Among those, the CF-PR receiver attracts lots of research attention because it can circumvent the requirement of a strong continuous-wave (CW) optical carrier for the beating with the signal. Generally, the CF-PR receiver consists of only two single-ended photodiodes (PDs) and one dispersive element, for the field recovery of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies reported so far, this paper reviews the latest progress of CF-PR receivers designed for high-speed optical short-reach transmission links.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Arago–Poisson Spot: New Applications for an Old Concept 阿拉戈-泊松点：旧概念的新应用
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010055
O. Emile, J. Emile
{"title":"The Arago–Poisson Spot: New Applications for an Old Concept","authors":"O. Emile, J. Emile","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010055","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report some specific properties and applications of the so-called Arago–Poisson spot in optics. This spot results from the diffraction of a plane wave by an occulting disk that leads to a small bright spot in its shadow. We discuss some of the properties of such beams. In particular, we focus on the ultimate size that can be reached for these beams, which depends on the diameter of the disk, the wavelength, and the distance from the disk. We also highlight self-healing and faster-than-light properties. Applications are then proposed. The applications mainly deal with new traps with nanometer sizes dedicated to the trapping of nanoparticles. We also discuss beams that change frequency during propagation and their application for signal delivery in a precise and determined area.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Efficient Design Method for a Metasurface Polarizer with High Transmittance and Extinction Ratio 具有高透射率和消光比的金属表面偏振器的高效设计方法
IF 2.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11010053
Shuning Wang, Yanlin He, Hangwei Zhu, Haoxuan Wang
{"title":"An Efficient Design Method for a Metasurface Polarizer with High Transmittance and Extinction Ratio","authors":"Shuning Wang, Yanlin He, Hangwei Zhu, Haoxuan Wang","doi":"10.3390/photonics11010053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010053","url":null,"abstract":"In fields such as polarization navigation and imaging, there is a demand for polarizers to simultaneously possess a high transmittance and extinction ratio. However, most studies focus solely on a single metric for polarizer design. To address this issue, this paper proposed a metasurface polarizer with a transition layer and its efficient design method, aiming to enhance the polarizers’ transmittance and extinction ratio performance simultaneously. An all-dielectric metasurface polarizer with a TiO2 transition layer was designed, and a tandem neural network was constructed by combining forward prediction and inverse design networks. The network is successfully trained by utilizing structural parameters and spectral response Tx and Ty datasets collected through simulation software. A high-performance metasurface polarizer was designed under the desired metrics with a transmittance of 90% and an extinction ratio of 40 dB. The proposed method in this paper made progress in the comprehensive optimization of polarizer performance. It is more accurate and efficient compared to other design methods and is better suited for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"66 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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