Photochemistry and Photobiology最新文献_第8页

Examining the impact of varying low-level laser dose on cardiac failure. 研究不同低水平激光剂量对心力衰竭的影响。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/php.14012

Ednei Luiz Antonio, Helenita Antonia de Oliveira, Gianna Móes Albuquerque-Pontes, Ighor Luiz Azevedo Teixeira, Amanda Pereira Yoshizaki, Luis Felipe Neves Dos Santos, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Andrey Jorge Serra

{"title":"Examining the impact of varying low-level laser dose on cardiac failure.","authors":"Ednei Luiz Antonio, Helenita Antonia de Oliveira, Gianna Móes Albuquerque-Pontes, Ighor Luiz Azevedo Teixeira, Amanda Pereira Yoshizaki, Luis Felipe Neves Dos Santos, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Andrey Jorge Serra","doi":"10.1111/php.14012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14012","url":null,"abstract":"Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising tool that can mitigate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. However, there is no gold standard energy delivered to the heart and few studies have evaluated the impact of LLLT on cardiac performance. This study evaluated effects of repeated LLLT applications with different energies delivered to the infarcted myocardium. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were applied to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance in rats with large infarcts. ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to assess LV inflammation and oxidative stress. An 830-nm Laser Photon III semiconductor aluminum gallium arsenide diode (DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) was applied transthoracically three times a week for 4 weeks based on the energy (i.e., 10J, 20J, and 40J; respectively). LLLT on 10J and 20J had a similar action in attenuating pulmonary congestion and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, 10J and 20J attenuated LV end-diastolic pressure and improved +dP/dt and -dP/dt. All LLLT groups had lower levels of inflammatory mediators, but only the 10J group had normalized oxidative stress. All LLLT doses improved superoxide dismutase levels; however, only the 20J group showed a high content of the catalase. There was a lower level of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in the infarcted myocardium, which it was normalized in the 20J and 40J groups. A higher phospholamban content was found in the 10J group. This study supports the beneficial LLLT role post-infarction. Apparently, the 10J and 20J doses show to be chosen for clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"483-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectroscopic analysis of bacterial photoreactivation. 细菌光活化的光谱分析。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/php.14019

Keyvan Khosh Abady, Negar Karpourazar, Arjun Krishnamoorthi, Runze Li, Peter M Rentzepis

{"title":"Spectroscopic analysis of bacterial photoreactivation.","authors":"Keyvan Khosh Abady, Negar Karpourazar, Arjun Krishnamoorthi, Runze Li, Peter M Rentzepis","doi":"10.1111/php.14019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14019","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, spectroscopic devices originally developed for bacterial detection have shown promise to rapidly identify bacterial strains and determine the ratio of live to dead bacteria. However, the detection of the photoreactivated pathogens remains a critical concern. This study utilizes fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy to analyze bacterial responses to UV irradiation and subsequent photoreactivation. Our experimental results reveal limitations in fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting photoreactivated bacteria, as the intense fluorescence of tryptophan and tyrosine amino acids masks the fluorescence emitted by thymine molecules. Conversely, Raman spectroscopy proves more effective, showing a detectable decrease in band intensities of E. coli bacteria at 1248 and 1665 cm-1 after exposure to UVC radiation. Subsequent UVA irradiation results in the partial restoration of these band intensities, indicating DNA repair and bacterial photoreactivation. This enhanced understanding aims to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of these spectroscopic tools in clinical and environmental settings.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"494-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of low-dose UV-A in Caenorhabditis elegans during candidate bacterial infections. 候选细菌感染期间低剂量紫外线 A 对草履虫的影响

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/php.14009

Balasubramanian Chellammal Muthubharathi, Pandiarajan Kaarmegam Subalakshmi, Bynedi Sheshatri Chinna Mounish, Toleti Subba Rao, Krishnaswamy Balamurugan

{"title":"Impact of low-dose UV-A in Caenorhabditis elegans during candidate bacterial infections.","authors":"Balasubramanian Chellammal Muthubharathi, Pandiarajan Kaarmegam Subalakshmi, Bynedi Sheshatri Chinna Mounish, Toleti Subba Rao, Krishnaswamy Balamurugan","doi":"10.1111/php.14009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14009","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet radiation is a non-ionizing radiation produced by longer wavelength energy sources with lower frequency and is categorized into UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. Minimal exposure to this radiation has several health benefits, which include treating microbial contaminations and skin therapies. However, the antimicrobial action of low-dose UV-A during pathogenic bacterial infections is still unrevealed. In this study, the impact of low-dose UV-A as pre- or post-treatment using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans with candidate pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus) mediated infections was investigated. The results indicated enrichment of metabolites, reduced level of antioxidants, increased expression of dopamine biosynthesis and transportation, and decrease in serotonin biosynthesis when the organism was exposed to low-dose UV-A for 5 min. This, in turn, elevated the expression of candidate regulatory proteins involved in lifespan determination, innate immunity, and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), which appear to increase the lifespan and brood size of C. elegans during A. baumannii and S. aureus infections. The findings suggested that the low-dose UV-A treatment during A. baumannii and S. aureus infections prolonged the lifespan and increased the egg-laying capacity of C. elegans.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"404-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of solar photolysis in the atmospheric removal of methacrolein oxide and the methacrolein oxide-water van-der Waals complex in pristine environments. 在原始环境中，太阳光解在大气中去除氧化甲基丙烯醛和氧化甲基丙烯醛-水范德华复合物中的作用。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/php.14007

Lily M Guidry, Londyn A Bardash, Aylin Yigiter, Satyam Ravi, Barbara Marchetti, Tolga N V Karsili

引用次数: 0

Probing skin photoallergens in reconstructed human epidermis: An EPR spin trapping investigation. 在重建的人体表皮中探测皮肤光过敏原：EPR 自旋捕获研究

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/php.14010

Yannick Port-Lougarre, Guillaume Voegeli, Bertrand Vileno, Elena Giménez-Arnau

{"title":"Probing skin photoallergens in reconstructed human epidermis: An EPR spin trapping investigation.","authors":"Yannick Port-Lougarre, Guillaume Voegeli, Bertrand Vileno, Elena Giménez-Arnau","doi":"10.1111/php.14010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14010","url":null,"abstract":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis is a skin disease caused by combined exposure to photoreactive chemicals and sunlight. Exposure to allergens and the risk of skin sensitization is an essential regulatory issue within the industry. Yet, only few non-validated assays for photoallergy assessment exist as the pathogenesis is not fully deciphered. Improving such assays and/or developing new ones require an understanding of the chemical mechanisms involved. The first key event in the photosensitization process, namely chemical binding of the photoallergen to endogenous proteins, is thought to proceed via photo-mediated radicals arising from the photoallergen. Moreover, the mechanism of action of these radicals if formed in the epidermis is not known and far from being unraveled. We present here an original proof-of-concept methodology to probe radical generation from allergens in contact with photoexposed skin, using electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping in a reconstructed human epidermis model mimicking real-life exposure scenarios.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"275-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic effect of NEO400, perillyl alcohol conjugated to linoleic acid, in a mouse model of UV-induced skin damage. NEO400（与亚油酸共轭的紫苏醇）对紫外线引起的皮肤损伤小鼠模型的治疗效果。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/php.13998

Stephen Swenson, Catalina Silva-Hirschberg, Liliana Freeland, Kristen L Chen, Nagore I Marín-Ramos, Axel H Schönthal, Thomas C Chen

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of NEO400, perillyl alcohol conjugated to linoleic acid, in a mouse model of UV-induced skin damage.","authors":"Stephen Swenson, Catalina Silva-Hirschberg, Liliana Freeland, Kristen L Chen, Nagore I Marín-Ramos, Axel H Schönthal, Thomas C Chen","doi":"10.1111/php.13998","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.13998","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes harmful effects on human skin. Pre-exposure application of sunscreen can be protective, but not after damage already has occurred. There is a need for agents that can be applied post-UVR exposure to repair the damage. We investigated a novel compound, NEO400, that appears to meet this medicinal need. NEO400 was created by conjugating linoleic acid to perillyl alcohol. UVR was repeatedly administered to the skin of mice over several weeks, where it caused the typical signs of UV damage, including scaling of the skin, DNA damage, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, when NEO400 was applied immediately post-UVR, it triggered the appearance of markers for dermal stem cell proliferation, and no signs of skin damage emerged. Furthermore, when NEO400 was applied to skin that already had incurred significant damage, it accelerated skin healing. When applied individually, linoleic acid and perillyl alcohol were ineffective, indicating that they had to be conjugated in order to exert therapeutic efficacy. None of these skin-protective effects could be achieved with Aloe vera gel, a popular and widely used post-exposure remedy. Our study suggests that NEO400 holds potential as a regenerative treatment for excessively UVR-exposed skin.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"338-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental infrared irradiation in mice. 肠道微生物群介导补充红外线照射对小鼠的抗炎作用

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/php.14008

Shijing Wang, Letian Chen, Zheng Ma, Liting Zhao, Yueying Lu, Yuming Fu, Hong Liu

{"title":"Gut microbiota mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental infrared irradiation in mice.","authors":"Shijing Wang, Letian Chen, Zheng Ma, Liting Zhao, Yueying Lu, Yuming Fu, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1111/php.14008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14008","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, studies have shown that low-dose supplemental infrared (IR) irradiation exhibits systemic anti-inflammatory effects. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of these effects due to its role in regulating host metabolism and inflammatory responses. To investigate the role of gut microbiota diversity and metabolite changes in the mechanism of light-emitting diodes (LED) infrared's anti-inflammatory action, we conducted IR irradiation on mice. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic, untargeted, and targeted metabolomic analyses. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the IR group, accompanied by a declining trend in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiome analysis revealed distinct alterations in composition and functional genes between the groups, including the enrichment of beneficial bacteria like various species of Parabacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in the IR group. Notably, the IR group exhibited enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism pathways and a reduction in DNA damage and repair pathways. Furthermore, targeted metabolomic analysis highlighted a notable increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid and isobutyric acid, which positively correlated with the abundance of several beneficial bacteria. These findings suggest a potential interplay between gut microbiota-derived SCFAs and the anti-inflammatory response. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive insights into the changes in gut microbiota species and functions associated with IR irradiation. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of altered SCFAs levels in the IR group, which may contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings contribute valuable evidence supporting the role of low-dose infrared light irradiation as an anti-inflammatory therapy.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"458-470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Melanoma classification using generative adversarial network and proximal policy optimization. 利用生成式对抗网络和近端策略优化进行黑色素瘤分类。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/php.14006

Xiangui Ju, Chi-Ho Lin, Suan Lee, Sizheng Wei

{"title":"Melanoma classification using generative adversarial network and proximal policy optimization.","authors":"Xiangui Ju, Chi-Ho Lin, Suan Lee, Sizheng Wei","doi":"10.1111/php.14006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14006","url":null,"abstract":"In oncology, melanoma is a serious concern, often arising from DNA changes caused mainly by ultraviolet radiation. This cancer is known for its aggressive growth, highlighting the necessity of early detection. Our research introduces a novel deep learning framework for melanoma classification, trained and validated using the extensive SIIM-ISIC Melanoma Classification Challenge-ISIC-2020 dataset. The framework features three dilated convolution layers that extract critical feature vectors for classification. A key aspect of our model is incorporating the Off-policy Proximal Policy Optimization (Off-policy PPO) algorithm, which effectively handles data imbalance in the training set by rewarding the accurate classification of underrepresented samples. In this framework, the model is visualized as an agent making a series of decisions, where each sample represents a distinct state. Additionally, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) augments training data to improve generalizability, paired with a new regularization technique to stabilize GAN training and prevent mode collapse. The model achieved an F-measure of 91.836% and a geometric mean of 91.920%, surpassing existing models and demonstrating the model's practical utility in clinical environments. These results demonstrate its potential in enhancing early melanoma detection and informing more accurate treatment approaches, significantly advancing in combating this aggressive cancer.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"434-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy through curcumin modifications. 通过姜黄素改性提高抗菌光动力疗法的疗效。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/php.14000

Priyanka Joshi, Jennifer M Soares, Guilherme M Martins, Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca, Leonardo De Boni, Kleber T de Oliveira, Vanderlei S Bagnato, Kate C Blanco

{"title":"Enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy through curcumin modifications.","authors":"Priyanka Joshi, Jennifer M Soares, Guilherme M Martins, Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca, Leonardo De Boni, Kleber T de Oliveira, Vanderlei S Bagnato, Kate C Blanco","doi":"10.1111/php.14000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14000","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin serves as a photosensitizer (PS) in the context of microbial inactivation when subjected to light exposure, to produce reactive oxygen species, which exhibit efficacy in eradicating microorganisms. This remarkable property underscores the growing potential of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the ongoing fight against bacterial infections. Considering this, we investigate the efficacy of various in vitro curcumin formulations within a PDT protocol designed to target Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, we conduct a comparative analysis involving synthetic curcumin (Cur-Syn) and curcumin derivatives modified with chlorine (Cl), selenium (Se), and iodine (I) (Cur-Cl, Cur-Se, Cur-I). To assess the impact of aPDT, we subject S. aureus to incubation with curcumin, followed by irradiation at 450 nm with energy doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 J/cm2. Our investigation encompasses an evaluation of PS uptake and photobleaching across the various curcumin variants. Notably, all three modifications (Cur-Cl, Cur-Se, Cur-I) induce a significant reduction in bacterial viability, approximately achieving a 3-log reduction. Interestingly, the uptake kinetics of Cur-Syn and Cur-Se exhibit similarities, reaching saturation after 20 min. Our findings suggest that modifications to curcumin have a discernible impact on the photodynamic properties of the PS molecule.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"359-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Far-UVC: The impact of optical filters on real-world deployment. 远紫外线：光学滤波器对实际部署的影响。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Photochemistry and Photobiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/php.14005

Ewan Eadie, Paul O'Mahoney, Sally H Ibbotson, C Cameron Miller, Kenneth Wood

{"title":"Far-UVC: The impact of optical filters on real-world deployment.","authors":"Ewan Eadie, Paul O'Mahoney, Sally H Ibbotson, C Cameron Miller, Kenneth Wood","doi":"10.1111/php.14005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/php.14005","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, a study showed that Krypton-Chloride (KrCl) excimer lamps could induce erythema and basal layer DNA damage in human skin. Later studies found that filtering out longer wavelength emissions from these lamps resulted in no acute skin effects. However, there is a limited understanding of how much to reduce unwanted emissions and which wavelengths are important. Accurate spectral irradiance data is therefore crucial for safety, as variance in optical filtering significantly affects the weighted irradiance of a lamp. To simplify the risk assessment process for Far-UVC lamps, we highlight the usefulness of the lamp exposure limit (HLEL) and present this in the context of spectral emission data for 14 commercially available Far-UVC lamps. Our results demonstrate that relying solely on a radiometric measurement and a single-wavelength exposure limit at 222 nm could lead to over-exposure. The HLEL is a practical metric which can be utilized to determine the exposure time before reaching the exposure limit. It can also be used in the determination of the minimum ceiling height for compliance with standards like UL 8802. Manufacturers are urged to provide HLEL for their products; installers should adhere to HLEL; and standards and regulatory bodies should insist on this information in new guidance.","PeriodicalId":20133,"journal":{"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":" ","pages":"270-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0