Hiroshi Kojitani, Mei Gonai, Yoshiyuki Inaguma, Masaki Akaogi
{"title":"Experimental determination of thermal expansivity of calcium ferrite-type MgAl2O4 and its application to thermodynamical assessment of thermoelastic parameters","authors":"Hiroshi Kojitani, Mei Gonai, Yoshiyuki Inaguma, Masaki Akaogi","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01266-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01266-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements of calcium ferrite (CF)-type MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were performed in a temperature range of 300–673 K at atmospheric pressure. From temperature dependence of the unit cell volume, thermal expansivity (<i>α</i>) was determined to be <i>α</i>(<i>T</i>) = (2.46 ± 0.13) × 10<sup>–5</sup> + (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10<sup>–8</sup> <i>T</i> in 1/K. Thermoelastic parameters of isothermal bulk modulus at zero pressure (<i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>0</sub>), its pressure derivative (<i>K</i><sub><i>T</i></sub>′) and temperature derivative [(∂<i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>0</sub>/∂<i>T</i>)<sub><i>P</i></sub>] of MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> CF were optimized by iteration calculation combining the least squares fitting of a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to previous <i>P</i>–<i>V</i>–<i>T</i> data with <i>α</i> calculation using the Grüneisen relation equation, <i>α</i> = <i>γ</i><sub>th</sub><i>C</i><sub><i>V</i></sub>/(<i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>0</sub><i>V</i>) where <i>γ</i><sub>th</sub> and <i>C</i><sub><i>V</i></sub> are thermal Grüneisen parameter and isochoric heat capacity, respectively. <i>γ</i><sub>th</sub> was constrained by the <i>α</i> measured in this study. When pressure data were rescaled by Au equations of state which are different from that adopted in the previous study and temperature data were corrected using pressure dependence of electromotive force of a W–Re thermocouple, <i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>0</sub>, <i>K</i><sub><i>T</i></sub>′ and (∂<i>K</i><sub><i>T</i>0</sub>/∂<i>T</i>)<sub><i>P</i></sub> were assessed to be 216(4) GPa, 3.9(3) and − 0.027(3) GPa/K, respectively. It was suggested that the optimized <i>α</i> was about 17% lower than that determined by the previous study at 2000 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139768097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Pimentel, Carlos Gutiérrez-Ariza, Antonio G. Checa, C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz, Julyan H. E. Cartwright
{"title":"Mineralogical description and hypothesis on the formation of menilites from Galera, Granada (Spain)","authors":"Carlos Pimentel, Carlos Gutiérrez-Ariza, Antonio G. Checa, C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz, Julyan H. E. Cartwright","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01267-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01267-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Menilites, intriguing botryoidal rocks found in Galera, Granada, Spain, have been examined through a multidisciplinary approach integrating mineralogical analysis and advanced imaging techniques. Characterized as opal and dolomite-bearing rocks, their complex morphologies and diverse internal structures prompted an investigation into their origin. Employing microfocus X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray computed tomography, we present a detailed study of the menilites, revealing opal-A, opal-CT, dolomite and quartz as primary constituents. Notably, the internal homogeneity contrasts with the diverse external shapes. The proposed hypothesis suggests a seismic influence in menilite formation. Seismic events in porous environments above the water table may induce fluidization, resulting in the distinctive menilite structures. Osmotic pressure differences between nodules and the surrounding rock, coupled with fluidization during seismic events, could explain the observed morphologies. Validation of the proposed hypothesis requires further fieldwork and analogue experimentation. This study contributes valuable insights into the mineralogical composition, internal structures and potential formation mechanisms of menilites, laying the groundwork for future research in the field of sedimentary geology and mineralogy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139768225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anisotropic electrical conductivity changes in FeTiO3 structure transition under high pressure","authors":"Takamitsu Yamanaka, Yuki Nakamoto, Masafumi Sakata, Katsuya Shimizu, Takanori Hattori","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01261-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01261-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical resistivity measurements on oriented FeTiO<sub>3</sub> ilmenite using single crystals at high pressures proves that FeTiO<sub>3</sub> ilmenite shows anisotropic electrical resistivity. The resistivity in the direction perpendicular to the <i>c</i>-axis decreased monotonously with increasing pressure. In contrast, the resistivity in the parallel direction to the <i>c</i>-axis initially decreased and slightly increased with increasing pressure above 6 GPa. It then resumed decreasing above 8 GPa. The hallow-shape of the curvature was observed. Neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments provided an accurate picture of the pressure-induced changes of the FeTiO<sub>3</sub> ilmenite structure. FeTiO<sub>3</sub> transforms neither into perovskite nor LiNbO<sub>3</sub> phase under pressures up to 28 GPa. However, different compression curves were observed for both FeO<sub>6</sub> and TiO<sub>6</sub> octahedra below 8 GPa. FeO<sub>6</sub> is more compressible and flexible than TiO<sub>6</sub>. Among Fe–Fe, Ti–Ti and Fe–Ti interatomic distances, the shortest Fe–Ti distance presents the highest electrical restivity and electron mobility according to Fe<sup>2+</sup>Ti<sup>4+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>Ti<sup>3+</sup> by electron super-exchange mechanism, which is enhanced during compression. At high pressure, the electron configuration of Fe<sup>2+</sup> (3<i>d</i><sup>6</sup>) is more strongly changed than Ti<sup>4+</sup> (3<i>d</i><sup>0</sup>) and the former cation is the emphasized by Jahn–Teller effect in the ligand field of <i>C</i><sub>3<i>v</i></sub> molecular symmetry. The anisotropic electrical resistivity and non-uniform structure change of Fe–Ti interatomic distance can be explained by possible spin transition. The spin transition of Fe<i>Kβ</i> from high-spin to intermediate-spin state is possible in the electronic state change of FeTiO<sub>3</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-temperature magnetic behavior of isocubanite from seafloor hydrothermal deposits in the Okinawa Trough","authors":"Chie Kato, Masao Ohno, Tadahiro Hatakeyama, Yasuhiro Yamada, Fuminori Honda, Kazuhiko Shimada, Toshiro Nagase, Shuhei Totsuka-Shiiki, Yoshihiro Kuwahara, Jun-ichiro Ishibashi","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01264-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01264-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The characteristic behavior of magnetic remanence correlated with mineralogical textures and composition was observed using low-temperature magnetometry, microscopy, and chemical analysis of three isocubanite samples collected from hydrothermal deposits in the Okinawa Trough and a sample transformed from natural cubanite via heating. Both zero-field remanence acquired at 5 K and field cooling remanence acquired at 300–5 K of all samples sharply decreased with increasing temperature at approximately 100 K. In addition, low-temperature cycling of isothermal remanence at 300 K exhibited a transition at approximately 100 K; remanence increased with decreasing temperature and vice versa. The intensity of remanence at low temperature and sharpness of the transition varied across samples with different compositions and microscopic textures, that is, the presence or absence of chalcopyrite lamellae and their widths. The sample obtained from a hydrothermal chimney, in which the magnetic transition was most clearly observed, was also subjected to X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, and magnetic hysteresis measurements. The obtained results were generally consistent with those reported previously for unnamed mineral CuFe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> with an ordered cation arrangement. The low-temperature magnetic behavior of isocubanite possibly depends on the degree of cation ordering and can be regarded as an indicator of chemical composition and cooling history. Therefore, low-temperature magnetometry is useful for the detection of isocubanite and a potentially powerful technique for the prompt estimation of its composition and texture, contributing to our understanding of the formation process of hydrothermal deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00269-023-01264-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure evolution of hydroxyapophyllite-(K) under high pressure","authors":"Yurii V. Seryotkin","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01265-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01265-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-pressure structural evolution of a natural hydroxyapophyllite-(K) K<sub>0.96</sub> Ca<sub>4.01</sub>[Al<sub>0.01</sub>Si<sub>7.99</sub>O<sub>20</sub>]((OH)<sub>0.95</sub>F<sub>0.05</sub>)·(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8.14</sub>, <i>Z</i> = 2, <i>a</i> = 8.9699(1), <i>c</i> = 15.8934(3) Å, space group <i>P</i>4/<i>mnc</i>, from the Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, compressed in penetrating (ethanol:water 8:1 mixture) medium up to 5 GPa, was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell. The results clearly demonstrate the absence of pressure-induced hydration in the structure. Within 3 GPa, the compression mechanism is similar to that known in fluorapophyllite-(K). The compression in the plane of silicate layer proceeds via the relative rotation of the four-membered rings. The compression along the <i>c-</i>axis proceeds through the shortening of the inter-layer distance, whereas the thickness of silicate layer remains almost unchanged. As a result, the pressure-induced changes in the unit-cell metrics are similar to those for fluorapophyllite-(K). At about 3 GPa, hydroxyapophyllite-(K) undergoes a phase transition with the symmetry lowering to orthorhombic (space group <i>Pnnm</i>). The symmetry of the high-pressure phase allows deformation of the four-membered rings of the silicate layer, which is impossible within tetragonal symmetry. In this case, the structure is compressed much more along the <i>a</i>-axis than along the <i>b</i>-axis. As a result, the orthorhombic phase of hydroxyapophyllite-(K) is more compressible compared to fluorapophyllite-(K).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zeff, B. Kalkan, K. Armstrong, M. Kunz, Q. Williams
{"title":"High pressure raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of K2Ca(CO3)2 bütschliite: multiple pressure-induced phase transitions in a double carbonate","authors":"G. Zeff, B. Kalkan, K. Armstrong, M. Kunz, Q. Williams","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01262-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01262-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The crystal structure and bonding environment of K<sub>2</sub>Ca(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> bütschliite were probed under isothermal compression via Raman spectroscopy to 95 GPa and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction to 12 and 68 GPa, respectively. A second order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the X-ray data yields a bulk modulus, <span>({K}_{0}=46.9)</span> GPa with an imposed value of <span>({K}_{0}^{prime}= 4)</span> for the ambient pressure phase. Compression of bütschliite is highly anisotropic, with contraction along the <i>c</i>-axis accounting for most of the volume change. Bütschliite undergoes a phase transition to a monoclinic <i>C</i>2/<i>m</i> structure at around 6 GPa, mirroring polymorphism within isostructural borates. A fit to the compression data of the monoclinic phase yields <span>({V}_{0}=322.2)</span> Å<sup>3</sup><span>(,)</span> <span>({K}_{0}=24.8)</span> GPa and <span>({K}_{0}^{prime}=4.0)</span> using a third order fit; the ability to access different compression mechanisms gives rise to a more compressible material than the low-pressure phase. In particular, compression of the <i>C</i>2/<i>m</i> phase involves interlayer displacement and twisting of the [CO<sub>3</sub>] units, and an increase in coordination number of the K<sup>+</sup> ion. Three more phase transitions, at ~ 28, 34, and 37 GPa occur based on the Raman spectra and powder diffraction data: these give rise to new [CO<sub>3</sub>] bonding environments within the structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00269-023-01262-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Activity report of the Commission on Physics of Minerals (CPM) (2018–2022)","authors":"Paola Comodi, Jun Tsuchiya, Sujoy Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s00269-024-01268-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-024-01268-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Grouleff Jensen, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Ulla Gro Nielsen, Philip Miguel Kofoed
{"title":"The solid solution in the system NaMgAl(SO4)3–KMgAl(SO4)3","authors":"Peter Grouleff Jensen, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Ulla Gro Nielsen, Philip Miguel Kofoed","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01259-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01259-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We synthesized six samples in the compositional field NaMgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>–KMgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> in 20 mol% increments from pure Na to pure K compounds. We investigated them by Powder X-Ray diffraction, <sup>23</sup>Na, and <sup>27</sup>Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The results confirm NaMgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a unique phase identical to a presumed new mineral found in the fumaroles of Eldfell and Hekla volcanoes in Iceland. It tolerates less than 10 mol% K substitution for Na. There exists a compositional gap to approximately Na<sub>0.65</sub>K<sub>0.35</sub>MgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> from where a solid solution extends to KMgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. The mineral koryakite [NaKMg<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>] is a member of the latter solid solution series. The crystal structures of all (Na,K)MgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> phases are akin to NASICON (NA Super Ionic CONductor). NaMgAl(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> has <span>(Roverline{3}c)</span> symmetry and a disordered distribution of Mg and Al among the octahedral sites with only one unique site for the alkali atom. The members of the solid solution have <span>(Roverline{3})</span> symmetry with ordered Mg–Al distribution and two unique alkali sites with different preferences for Na and K. In the crystal structure, the coordination of Na and/or K is trigonal antiprismatic, and these share bases with two octahedral Mg (Na) or Al (K) coordinations. These polyhedra are arranged in columns parallel to [001] and interconnected by SO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral groups. The alkali atoms from a column lie in the same (001) layers as the octahedrally coordinated atoms from the three neighboring rows. On the same level, parallel to (001), there are gaps in the other three neighboring columns forming channels containing Na<sup>+</sup> or K<sup>+</sup> ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00269-023-01259-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artur Benisek, Edgar Dachs, Michael A. Carpenter, Bastian Joachim-Mrosko, Noreen M. Vielreicher, Manfred Wildner
{"title":"Vibrational entropy of disordering in omphacite","authors":"Artur Benisek, Edgar Dachs, Michael A. Carpenter, Bastian Joachim-Mrosko, Noreen M. Vielreicher, Manfred Wildner","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01260-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01260-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cations of an ordered omphacite from the Tauern window were gradually disordered in piston cylinder experiments at temperatures between 850 and 1150 °C. The samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and then investigated using low-temperature calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The low-temperature heat capacity data were used to obtain the vibrational entropies, and the line broadening of the IR spectra served as a tool to investigate the disordering enthalpy. These data were then used to calculate the configurational entropy as a function of temperature. The vibrational entropy does not change during the cation ordering phase transition from space group <i>C2/c</i> to <i>P2/n</i> at 865 °C but increases with a further temperature increase due to the reduction of short-range order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00269-023-01260-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greenalite-Chamosite composition, geothermometry and oxygen fugacity variations in pisolitic ironstone and carbonates of the Chilpi Group: implication on Paleoproterozoic seawater chemistry","authors":"Sarada P. Mohanty, Prasanta K. Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00269-023-01258-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00269-023-01258-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron-rich rocks of Orosirian Period in the Chilpi Group on the northern margin of the Bastar Craton, Central India, contain an association of hematite-magnetite-greenalite-chamosite-quartz in oxide-silicate facies. Additionally chert (quartz) and siderite occur in chert and carbonate facies. Presence of these mineral assemblages was investigated to infer the redox state of the depositional basin. The results have indicated formation temperature variation of 116–255 °C (average 198 °C) and log <i>P</i><sub>(O2)</sub> between – 37 and – 60 (average –44). A ferruginous state of the shallow water depositional environment, having oxygen content of 10<sup>–2</sup> to 10<sup>–5</sup> times the present atmospheric level, is inferred. The variations in composition of greenalite-chamosite association indicate development of the mineral phases from the reaction involving kaolinite-illite and magnetite-siderite as end-members. Thermodynamic requirements for the formation of the rare association of magnetite-greenalite-cronstedtite indicate the precipitation of the mineral phases from seawater with enhanced activities of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Al, Si, Mg and C compared to the level in the present day seawater. The results indicate a steep fall in the atmospheric oxygen content immediately after the Great Oxidation Event of 2400–2000 Ma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20132,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}