Investigation into the stability of synthetic goethite after dynamic shock compression

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of Minerals Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1007/s00269-024-01279-4

Nicholas R. Jenkins, Xuan Zhou, Mithun Bhowmick, Claire L. McLeod, Mark P. S. Krekeler

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Abstract

Goethite (α-FeOOH) is an iron-oxyhydroxide mineral that is commonly found in soils and is of importance within the context of industrial mineralogy and aqueous geochemistry. The structure of goethite is such that vacant rows of octahedral sites form “channels” or nanopores. This study aims to investigate the response of goethite to dynamic shock compression in order to advance our understanding of minerals as potential shock-absorbing media. Shock compression of synthetic goethite powdered samples was achieved by using an inverted shock microscope and laser driven “flyer plates”. With this setup, a high-energy laser launches small aluminum discs as projectiles or flyer plates at velocities of the order of a few km/s towards the sample. The resulting impact sends a shock wave through the sample, thereby compressing it. The compression is precisely controlled by the plate-impact speed, which in turn is controlled by laser-power. In this work, 25 µm aluminum flyer plates with 3.5 km/s impact velocities were used. The impact resulted in a planar shock wave with shock velocity (U_s) ~ 6.78 km/s and an estimated pressure of ~ 41.6 GPa. The shock wave compressed the target goethite for 5 ns. Subsequent, post-shock investigations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) documented that crystal morphology persisted, and that goethite’s “bird’s nest” texture was maintained. Lattice fringe images revealed localized zones of distortion and amorphous regions within single goethite particles. Raman spectra appear to indicate structural changes after shock compression with the shocked goethite spectra matching that of synthetic hematite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) interestingly identified two major phases: goethite and magnetite. Irrespective of the mineral phases present, the goethite particles persist post shock. A thixotropic-like model for accompanying shock compression is proposed to account for goethite’s shock resistant behavior.

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合成鹅绿泥石在动态冲击压缩后的稳定性研究

鹅膏石（α-FeOOH）是一种铁氧氢氧化物矿物，通常存在于土壤中，在工业矿物学和水地球化学方面具有重要意义。鹅卵石的结构是空置的八面体位形成 "通道 "或纳米孔。本研究旨在调查鹅绿泥石对动态冲击压缩的响应，以加深我们对矿物作为潜在冲击吸收介质的理解。使用倒置冲击显微镜和激光驱动的 "飞板 "实现了对合成鹅绿泥石粉末样品的冲击压缩。利用这种装置，高能激光以几千米/秒的速度向样品发射作为射弹或飞行板的小铝盘。由此产生的冲击波穿过样品，从而对其进行压缩。压缩量由飞碟冲击速度精确控制，而飞碟冲击速度又由激光功率控制。在这项工作中，使用的是 25 µm 铝质飞板，冲击速度为 3.5 km/s。撞击产生的平面冲击波的冲击速度 (Us) 约为 6.78 km/s，估计压力约为 41.6 GPa。冲击波压缩目标鹅绿石 5 毫微秒。随后，通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行的冲击后研究表明，晶体形态依然存在，鹅绿泥石的 "鸟巢 "纹理得以保持。晶格边缘图像显示了单个鹅绿泥石颗粒中的局部变形区和无定形区。拉曼光谱似乎显示了冲击压缩后的结构变化，冲击鹅绿泥石的光谱与合成赤铁矿的光谱相吻合。有趣的是，X 射线衍射 (XRD) 发现了两种主要矿物相：鹅铁矿和磁铁矿。无论存在哪种矿物相，鹅绿泥石颗粒在冲击后都会持续存在。为解释鹅绿泥石的抗冲击行为，提出了一种类似触变性的伴随冲击压缩模型。

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 地学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of Minerals is an international journal devoted to publishing articles and short communications of physical or chemical studies on minerals or solids related to minerals. The aim of the journal is to support competent interdisciplinary work in mineralogy and physics or chemistry. Particular emphasis is placed on applications of modern techniques or new theories and models to interpret atomic structures and physical or chemical properties of minerals. Some subjects of interest are: -Relationships between atomic structure and crystalline state (structures of various states, crystal energies, crystal growth, thermodynamic studies, phase transformations, solid solution, exsolution phenomena, etc.) -General solid state spectroscopy (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, Raman, ESCA, luminescence, X-ray, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, gamma ray resonance, etc.) -Experimental and theoretical analysis of chemical bonding in minerals (application of crystal field, molecular orbital, band theories, etc.) -Physical properties (magnetic, mechanical, electric, optical, thermodynamic, etc.) -Relations between thermal expansion, compressibility, elastic constants, and fundamental properties of atomic structure, particularly as applied to geophysical problems -Electron microscopy in support of physical and chemical studies -Computational methods in the study of the structure and properties of minerals -Mineral surfaces (experimental methods, structure and properties)