Phytotherapy Research最新文献

{"title":"Multitarget Regulatory Mechanisms and Research Advances of Plant-Derived Bioactive Ingredients in Hypertension Prevention and Management.","authors":"Qiqi Deng, Yonglin Zhang, Jing Pan, Jing Luo, Hualin Sun, Chaonian Li, Li Li","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension remains a major global risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, yet current treatments face challenges such as suboptimal blood pressure control and inadequate organ protection. Plant-derived bioactive ingredients (PDBIs), with their multi-target and multi-pathway properties, offer novel strategies for hypertension management. This review systematically examines the mechanisms of major PDBIs (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids) in hypertension, focusing on their regulation of vascular function, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, water-salt homeostasis, and target organ protection. Key signaling pathways involved (NF-κB, TGF-β, MAPK, PI3K/Akt) are analyzed. Clinical translation challenges, including low bioavailability and response heterogeneity, are discussed. Future research should integrate systems pharmacology, smart delivery systems, and precision medicine to advance PDBIs from traditional use to evidence-based therapy, providing a theoretical basis for developing novel antihypertensive and organ-protective strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melittin Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages Through CD18-Mediated Immunomodulation.","authors":"Ik-Hwan Han, Hyunju Lee, Eunbin Ko, Ilseob Choi, Soyoung Kim, Deok-Sang Hwang, Hyunsu Bae","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly the M2-like subtype, contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression. Melittin, a natural bioactive peptide derived from bee venom, has been reported to exert anticancer and immunomodulatory effects; however, the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its selective action on TAMs remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of melittin on TAM subsets and to identify the molecular determinant responsible for its selectivity toward M2-like macrophages. Macrophage subsets were analyzed following melittin treatment using flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, and immunofluorescence. Binding interactions were assessed by biochemical and biophysical approaches. Tumor growth and immune cell composition were examined in wild-type and CD18-deficient mice. Melittin treatment selectively reduced M2-like TAM populations while increasing infiltration of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells in tumor tissues. Mechanistic analyses revealed that melittin preferentially binds to the integrin subunit CD18 (ITGB2), which is enriched in M2-polarized macrophages, leading to disruption of M2-associated phenotypes in vitro. Notably, genetic deletion of CD18 abolished the M2-suppressive and antitumor effects of melittin in vivo. These findings demonstrate that CD18 is functionally required for the immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of native full-length melittin. This study provides mechanistic insight into the selective action of a natural bioactive peptide and supports its potential as a lead compound for natural product-based immunomodulatory strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Compound K Mitigates Mitochondrial Fission Through Bile Acid Receptors/YAP Signaling to Counteract Podocyte Injury in Lupus Nephritis.","authors":"Ying Li, Ziyu Song, Sumei Xu, Ke Xu, Wangda Xu, Li Xu, Fengyuan Tian","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8492","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.8492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irreversible renal damage in lupus nephritis (LN) results from critical podocyte injury. Disruption in the actin cytoskeleton initiates mitochondrial fission to exacerbate podocyte injury. While ginsenoside compound K (CK) alleviates podocyte injury in lupus-prone mice, its mechanism in regulating mitochondrial dynamics underlying remains elusive. Based on the open-source single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, this study clarified CK's role in alleviating podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice by regulating cytoskeleton-mediated mitochondrial fission and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the BA receptor-YAP axis. MRL/lpr mice were administered CK (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. Renal function and pathological changes were evaluated, along with renal metabolite profiles and metabolomics analysis. We analyzed publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data to specifically profile gene mapping and enrichment analysis during immune-mediated renal injury. Furthermore, podocyte-based in vitro assays were conducted to investigate the impact of the BA receptors-YAP axis on mitochondrial dynamics. CK effectively cleared anti-dsDNA antibodies, attenuated systemic inflammation, and improved renal function through resolving immune complex deposition. Mechanistically, CK restored actin cytoskeleton integrity via Rho GTPase regulation and reshaped BA metabolism to activate TGR5/FXR receptors in podocytes. This dual action suppressed DRP1 s616 phosphorylation, inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission, regulating while enhancing TFAM-mediated mtDNA replication for mitochondrial homeostasis. Concurrently, CK attenuated podocyte apoptosis through Hippo signaling inhibition and YAP activation. In conclusion, CK ameliorates podocyte injury by preventing excessive mitochondrial fission through the BA receptors-YAP axis, thus providing a potential therapy for LN.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"4722-4736"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Algae and Neuroprotection: Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential Against Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Ritika Devi, Pooja Temgire, Puneet Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are recognized by the World Health Organization as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, and their prevalence continues to rise at an alarming rate. Current treatment strategies primarily provide symptomatic relief without effectively targeting the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of NDDs, which involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormal protein aggregation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel, multi-target therapeutic strategies. In recent years, marine biodiversity has gained growing attention as a rich reservoir of pharmacologically active natural products. Marine algae, in particular, contain diverse bioactive metabolites including polyphenols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and phlorotannins, many of which exhibit potent neuroprotective properties. To address the existing knowledge void and limitations, we propose to present a thorough review that updates information on the neuroprotective effects of marine algal compounds and their therapeutic advancements. For this, about 31800 articles were reviewed via databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. They were reduced to 1263 using MeSH words like 'marine algae, neurodegeneration, and neuroprotection' coupled with Boolean operators. The compiled findings demonstrated that marine algal compounds modulate multiple neuroprotective pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, and PKA/CREB/BDNF, and exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and neurotrophic effects. These multifaceted mechanisms highlight their potential in mitigating key pathological processes associated with NDDs. In conclusion Marine algae represent a promising yet underexplored source of phytotherapeutic agents. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted to validate their efficacy and advance their development as potential neuroprotective therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"5316-5333"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of 8-Week Administration With Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Adults With Stress and Anxiety: Findings From a Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Ketan Pakhale, Jaising Salve, John Ademola, Jose Parraca, Deepak Langade","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70315","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera ) has been recognized for enhancing physical strength, mental well-being, and overall vitality. Despite its long-standing use across generations, some clinical reports have noted occasional adverse events. This study compared the safety and tolerability of Ashwagandha Root Extract (ARE) in healthy adults. This was a prospective, multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study (n = 1002; 18 to 65 years). Participants with reported stress and anxiety were randomly assigned to receive either 600 mg/day (two divided doses) of ARE (n = 498) or a placebo (PL, n = 504) orally for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the safety profile assessed through laboratory parameters and adverse events (AEs), while tolerability was assessed by the participants on a 7-point Likert scale of Global Assessment of Tolerability to Therapy. Demographic and baseline characteristics were similar between groups. No serious adverse events were reported; a total of 74 AEs (7.4%) were documented, with 46 events (9.2%) in the PL group and 28 events (5.6%) in the ARE group. The most common AEs include nausea (3.2% in PL vs. 2.0% in ARE), dry mouth (1.4% in both groups), and headache (2.2% in PL vs. 0.2% in ARE). Laboratory evaluations showed no significant changes in liver function tests, renal function markers, or hematological parameters between the ARE and PL groups. Both groups maintained normal ranges for key biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and hemoglobin levels throughout the study duration. Tolerability ratings showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.487), and most of the participants rated the ARE therapy as \"Good\" or \"Excellent.\" ARE is well-tolerated and safe in adults with stress and anxiety. These results support the use of Ashwagandha root extract as a viable non-pharmacological treatment, warranting further exploration of its long-term effects in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"5005-5015"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Safety of Ashwagandha as a Food Additive: A Focus on Reproductive, Thyroid, and Immune System Effects.","authors":"Lu Li, Xinghai Zhang, Junjie Hao, Xiaoqiao Tian, Yichan Zhu, Yi Yang, Bin Qiu, Jianxia Wen","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal), a perennial plant of the genus Withania in the Solanaceae family, is widely used in traditional Indian medicine. In recent years, its use as a dietary supplement has gained increasing popularity. However, concerns regarding its safety have attracted significant attention. This review comprehensively examines the effects of Ashwagandha on the female and male reproductive systems, thyroid hormones, acetylcholinesterase activity, the immune system, and the liver. By analyzing relevant research studies and case reports, it aims to thoroughly evaluate the safety of Ashwagandha as a food additive and provide a scientific basis for its rational use. The findings indicate that Ashwagandha poses significant risks to specific populations, such as pregnant women, patients with thyroid disorders, and individuals with liver or kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, multiple cases of liver damage have been reported, raising concerns about its long-term safety. It is recommended to restrict the use of Ashwagandha as a food additive, enhance label warnings, and conduct more high-quality studies to clarify its mechanisms of action and safety thresholds, thereby ensuring its responsible application in the dietary supplement field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"4862-4879"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145843983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ashwagandha: Is It Safe? Part 1: A Regulatory Review.","authors":"T Brendler, R Al-Mondhiry, L Lang, R Marles, M Tallon, A Raghu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade, ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, AS) has been brought under increasing scrutiny by EU regulators regarding its safety for the use in food supplements, culminating in a recent recommendation for an Article 8 procedure according to Regulation (EC) No. 1925/2006 in the European Union (EU). Once executed, this could lead to a ban on its use as an ingredient in food supplements. This review summarizes how AS is regulated in some of the primary world marketplaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"4845-4857"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Plant Bioactives as Regulators of Histone Modifications: Bridging Epigenetics and Anticancer Therapy.","authors":"Mengxiao Wang, Junyi Liang, Xinping Zhu, Yushuang Xing, Shijun Chang, Di Jia, Weiming Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70386","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, with tumor heterogeneity, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance posing significant challenges to conventional therapies, which are often limited by toxicity and efficacy. Epigenetic regulation, particularly histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and lactylation, plays a pivotal role in orchestrating gene expression and tumor progression, representing promising yet complex therapeutic targets. Bioactive compounds derived from natural plants, characterized by multi-target activity and low toxicity, have emerged as potent modulators of histone modifications, capable of influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances elucidating how natural products influence cancer progression and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating histone modifications. We integrate current knowledge of key histone marks, modifying enzymes, and signaling pathways, proposing a unified framework linking natural compounds, epigenetic regulation, and tumorigenesis. By uncovering these molecular mechanisms, we highlight that plant bioactive compounds can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment through histone modifications to inspire the development of novel, safer, and more effective anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"5208-5254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of 12-Months Administration of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera ) Standardized Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Prospective, Observational Study.","authors":"Jaising Salve, Sanjeev Kale, Banwari Lal Prajapati, Adele Sparavigna, Mark Savant, John Ademola, Deepak Langade","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ashwagandha, an adaptogen, is an important herb of Ayurveda used as a Rasayana for its various health benefits. This prospective, multi-center, observational clinical study evaluates the safety (clinical and laboratory) of a standardized Ashwagandha Root Extract (ARE) on long-term administration over 12 months. Male and female adults (N = 191) aged between 18 and 65 years were included in the study. Clinical assessments were done at baseline, followed by monthly for 12 months, whereas laboratory and other study assessments were done at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was the clinical adverse events reported by the patients, whereas secondary outcomes were Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I), health-related Short Form-12 Quality of Life (SF-12 QoL), and laboratory estimations of serum for cortisol, hepatic, renal, and thyroid function. ARE administration for 12 months reported 18 mild adverse events, which were resolved without intervention. The study reported no clinical significant changes in serum alanine transaminases (baseline: 31.31 ± 9.28 IU/L, end of study: 33.68 ± 6.80 IU/L), aspartate transaminases (baseline: 30.61 ± 7.18 IU/L, end of study: 29.02 ± 4.63 IU/L). Serum cortisol levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001), while lipid profile and plasma glucose levels remained unaffected. Serum testosterone (free and total) significantly increased (p < 0.05). SF-12 scores demonstrated significant improvements at 12 months (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced health-related quality of life. CGI assessment indicated overall improvement in 68.7% of patients, particularly notable in those aged ≥ 50 years. This study validates the long-term safety of ARE use over 12 months. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: CTRI/2022/10/046180; NCT06244147.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"4802-4812"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evaluation of Berry Extracts as a Nutritional Intervention to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Atherosclerosis Development.","authors":"Lydia Symeonidi, Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Andriana Christodoulou, Alexandra Svouraki, Panagiotis Efentakis, Christina Chania, Angeliki Choustoulaki, Maria Xenaki, Anna Agapaki, Maria Tsoumani, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Ioulia Tseti, Gemma Vilahur, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Ioanna Andreadou","doi":"10.1002/ptr.70391","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ptr.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While studies suggest that berry fruits offer beneficial effects in CVD prevention, the bioactive compounds within different berries vary, and the specific mechanisms behind their protective effects are not yet fully elucidated. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare the cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Morus alba (white mulberries, WMex) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. fruit extracts (blueberries, BBex), focusing on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), CVD risk factors, atherosclerosis development, and the underlying mechanisms. WMex and BBex were produced and their qualitative compositions were characterized. We evaluated the infarct size (IS) limiting potential of 8-weeks supplementation with both WMex and BBex at nutritional doses in mice with western diet (WD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). We further evaluated atherosclerosis development mitigation after 4-weeks supplementation with the extracts in both male and female WD-fed ApoE^-/- mice as well as the putative cardioprotective and atheroprotective mechanisms. The total flavonoids in WMex and BBex were 49.50 and 98.92 mg rutin/g extract, respectively, while the total phenolic content was 50.74 and 110.00 mg gallic acid/g extract, respectively. Both extracts limited IS compared to Control by suppressing apoptosis. WMex upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and pathway along with circulating nitrite levels. WMex suppressed the extent of atheromatic area in both male and female ApoE^-/- mice, while BBex was effective in females without any of the extracts affecting estrogen levels. WMex downregulated NF-kB-ICAM-1 axis in the atherosclerotic area and reduced circulating triglyceride levels. None of the extracts caused signs of toxicity, supporting a safety profile. In conclusion, WMex exerts potent cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and could be further exploited for CVD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":"5299-5315"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}