Phytotherapy Research最新文献

Celastrol Mediated Regulation of the HnRNPA1-Thyroxine Axis in the Amygdala Alleviates High Fat Diet-Induced Demyelination and Cognitive Deficits in Mice. Celastrol介导的杏仁核hnrnpa1 -甲状腺素轴调控减轻小鼠高脂肪饮食诱导的脱髓鞘和认知缺陷。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8520

Xuemin Yao, Shuangpan Zhang, Guoxin Zhang, Ying Liu, Yongping Zhu, Wenli Wang, Chunyan Zhu, Na Lin

{"title":"Celastrol Mediated Regulation of the HnRNPA1-Thyroxine Axis in the Amygdala Alleviates High Fat Diet-Induced Demyelination and Cognitive Deficits in Mice.","authors":"Xuemin Yao, Shuangpan Zhang, Guoxin Zhang, Ying Liu, Yongping Zhu, Wenli Wang, Chunyan Zhu, Na Lin","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8520","url":null,"abstract":"High fat diet (HFD) is closely linked to demyelination and cognitive deficiency. Previously, we reported that the covalent binding and downregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HnRNPA1) were responsible for the effectiveness of celastrol against high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. However, little is known about cognitive functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanism of celastrol on cognitive functions and demyelination in HFD mice. In HFD mice, the anti-cognitive dysfunction and anti-demyelination effects of celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA were evaluated by Morris water maze and luxol-fast-blue staining. Then, the common biological pathway of celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA was clarified by the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of amygdala tissue and verified in the amygdala and in cultured MO3.13 cells. Celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA alleviated cognitive impairments and amygdala demyelination in HFD mice. By transcriptome analysis, genes co-regulated by celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA were focused on the myelin generating cells-oligodendrocyte. Celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA alleviated oligodendrocyte differentiation disorder and myelin loss induced by HFD. Association analysis of metabolome and transcriptome indicated that the enhanced central transport and inhibited inactivation of thyroxine may underlie celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA mediated regulation of oligodendrocyte. In MO3.13 cells, celastrol mediated downregulation of HnRNPA1. In addition, the pro-maturation effects of celastrol and HnRNPA1-shRNA were confirmed by the downregulation of Dio3 and O1, as well as the upregulation of MBP. Through HnRNPA1-thyroxine axis, celastrol protects against HFD-induced demyelination and cognitive deficits.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing Essential Oils for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition: A Literature Review. 利用精油抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶：文献综述。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8512

Solmaz Asnaashari, Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan, Ryszard Amarowicz

引用次数: 0

A New Perspective on Signaling Pathways and Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Active Ingredients in Metabolic Crosstalk Between Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review. 肝脏与棕色脂肪组织代谢串扰信号通路及天然活性成分构效关系的新视角

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8521

Qi-Cong Chen, Wei-Feng Cai, Qian Ni, Song-Xia Lin, Cui-Ping Jiang, Yan-Kui Yi, Li Liu, Qiang Liu, Chun-Yan Shen

{"title":"A New Perspective on Signaling Pathways and Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Active Ingredients in Metabolic Crosstalk Between Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Qi-Cong Chen, Wei-Feng Cai, Qian Ni, Song-Xia Lin, Cui-Ping Jiang, Yan-Kui Yi, Li Liu, Qiang Liu, Chun-Yan Shen","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8521","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has become a major global health problem, and strategies to improve metabolic disorders are urgently needed. This review focused on the roles of natural active ingredients in regulating metabolic communication between the liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT), especially highlighting the associated signaling pathways and structure-activity relationship (SAR). Natural polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and their potential in modulating metabolism were elaborated. Particularly, some signaling factor pathways including insulin, adiponectin, leptin, NRG4, FGF21, inflammatory factor, and BMP were summarized, detailing how natural active ingredients modulated the liver-BAT metabolic crosstalk, such as celastrol, genistein, sesamin, etc. FGF21 and NRG4 acted as key signaling factors, playing important transduction roles in the metabolic crosstalk between the liver and BAT. More importantly, SAR of flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and terpenoid compounds was discussed. The presence of functional groups, hydroxyl or methoxyl substituents, and molecular size were analyzed in relation to the interaction between compounds and biological targets. Furthermore, how structural modifications enhanced bioactivity and bioavailability while reducing side effects was elucidated. In conclusion, natural active ingredients played an important role in modulating metabolic crosstalk between the liver and BAT, underscoring the potential of these components in treating metabolic disorders. Further research on SAR of different natural active ingredients and their long-term health impacts are still needed to provide more effective and safer natural solutions for metabolic diseases prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral and Neuroprotective Properties of the Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) in Ovariectomized Mice. 植物雌激素8-Prenylnaringenin （8-PN）对去卵巢小鼠的行为和神经保护作用。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8500

Igor Ferraz da Silva, Celina D'Ávila Felipe, Alexandre Dantas Alves, Pollyana Peixoto, Lívia Carla de Melo Rodrigues

{"title":"Behavioral and Neuroprotective Properties of the Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) in Ovariectomized Mice.","authors":"Igor Ferraz da Silva, Celina D'Ávila Felipe, Alexandre Dantas Alves, Pollyana Peixoto, Lívia Carla de Melo Rodrigues","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8500","url":null,"abstract":"8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is one of the most potent phytoestrogens identified to date. Despite its role as an estrogen receptor modulator and its vast therapeutic potential, the effects of this molecule on the brain and behavior of females remain largely unexplored. This study hypothesized that 8-PN exerts cognitive effects by preventing oxidative damage in the brain and promoting the expression of neurotrophins. Female mice were divided into five groups and received acute treatments with LPS (1 mg/kg), 8-PN (1 or 2 mg/kg), a combination of LPS and 8-PN doses, or a combination of vehicle solutions. Recognition memory, spatial memory, and social behavior were assessed using behavioral protocols. Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus samples were collected and analyzed for lipid peroxidation levels using the TBARS assay and for BDNF protein expression using western blot. A single injection of 8-PN at both doses attenuated the behavioral impairments caused by LPS exposure in recognition memory, spatial memory, and social behavior tasks. 8-PN at both doses protected the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus against lipid peroxidation, and 8-PN at 2 mg/kg promoted increased BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus. This study demonstrates that 8-PN has potential neuroprotective effects in the female brain in vivo and may be a promising drug candidate for preventing cognitive impairments in women.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forsythoside A Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Binding to TLR4 to Inhibit the Activation of the NF-κB Pathway. 连翘苷A通过与TLR4结合抑制NF-κB通路激活减轻急性酒精性肝损伤

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8485

Yuehua Wang, Yuying Ma, Peng Tuo, Abid Naeem, Yijun Tang, Qianying Su, Huajian Li, Xiaokang Gao, Xiaoli Wang

{"title":"Forsythoside A Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Binding to TLR4 to Inhibit the Activation of the NF-κB Pathway.","authors":"Yuehua Wang, Yuying Ma, Peng Tuo, Abid Naeem, Yijun Tang, Qianying Su, Huajian Li, Xiaokang Gao, Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8485","url":null,"abstract":"Forsythoside A (FTA) is a key component found in the fruit and leaves of Forsythia suspensa, having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is unclear whether FTA can have a protective effect against acute alcoholic liver injury (ALI) and how it may exert this effect. This research examined the potential protective effects of FTA against acute ALI using cell and animal models. The protective properties of FTA against acute ALI were attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions by detecting the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The underlying mechanism was explored through the utilization of Western blotting, Molecular Docking, and Microscale Thermophoresis techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with high doses of FTA had a significant protective effect on acute ALI in both cell and animal models. The pretreatment with high doses of FTA inhibited alcohol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, raising antioxidative enzyme activity in both models. Furthermore, FTA has been shown to bind to TLR4, thereby inhibiting alcohol-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a decrease in cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. This interaction also facilitates the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TLR4, ultimately diminishing its regulatory impact on the NF-κB signaling cascade. FTA has a significant protective effect on acute ALI. It binds to TLR4 to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by alcohol, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and exerting a protective effect. The results of our study provide a theoretical basis for the development of FTA for the prevention and treatment of acute ALI.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Adjuvant Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. 中药辅助治疗1型糖尿病的研究进展

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8514

Jian Luo, Fuli Hu, Zhuolin Jia, Xiaoli Zhu, Ye Zhou, Changhe Hu, Lingying Yu, Zhimin Chen

引用次数: 0

3-Oxo-22α-Hydroxy-Rotundic Acid Alleviates Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Modulating Lipid Metabolism Through the AMPK-SREBP-1c-PPARα Pathway. 3- oxo -22α-羟基轮状酸通过AMPK-SREBP-1c-PPARα途径调节脂质代谢减轻小鼠高脂血症

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8518

Mengjia Sun, Pinfei Zhong, Guishan Xu, Wei Zeng, Min Yu, Jiamin Cao, Jing Jin, Jie Chen, Zhongxiang Zhao

{"title":"3-Oxo-22α-Hydroxy-Rotundic Acid Alleviates Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Modulating Lipid Metabolism Through the AMPK-SREBP-1c-PPARα Pathway.","authors":"Mengjia Sun, Pinfei Zhong, Guishan Xu, Wei Zeng, Min Yu, Jiamin Cao, Jing Jin, Jie Chen, Zhongxiang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8518","url":null,"abstract":"3-Oxo-22α-hydroxy-rotundic acid (ITP3) demonstrated notable hypolipidemic activity. However, the molecular mechanism of its hypolipidemic activity has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate its lipid-lowering efficacy using in vivo and in vitro hyperlipidemia models and to further elucidate its potential mechanism of action in hyperlipidemia. Endophytic fungi in plants of the genus Ilex were utilized for microbial transformation of rotundic acid (RA) to generate an adequate quantity of ITP3. Free fatty acid (FFA) treatment of HepG2 cells and C57BL/6J mice was used to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of ITP3 in vivo and in vitro. A metabolomics approach combined with Western blot analysis was used to reveal the potential mechanism of the anti-hyperlipidemia of ITP3. The results showed that ITP3 exhibited good lipid-lowering activity in vivo and in vitro models of hyperlipidemia. In addition, metabolomics analysis revealed significant changes in serum and intracellular metabolite lipid levels, which were restored by ITP3. Mechanistically, ITP3 can inhibit lipid synthesis and activate lipid oxidation via the AMPK-SREBP-1c-PPARα pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. ITP3 exhibits a promising lipid-lowering effect via the AMPK-SREBP-1c-PPARα pathway, thereby improving lipid metabolism. This work highlights ITP3 as a potential phytochemical candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Sinigrin as Active Compound of Rape Pollen for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis. 通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR轴鉴定油菜花粉中紫荆素治疗前列腺增生的活性成分。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8447

Bingliang Chen, Yingchao Wang, Guoda Song, Meicheng Liu, Peng Lv, Bin Yang, Hui Zhuge, Yu Tang, Yi Wang, Jianbiao Yao, Jianfang Wang, Jihong Liu, Xiaming Liu

{"title":"Identification of Sinigrin as Active Compound of Rape Pollen for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis.","authors":"Bingliang Chen, Yingchao Wang, Guoda Song, Meicheng Liu, Peng Lv, Bin Yang, Hui Zhuge, Yu Tang, Yi Wang, Jianbiao Yao, Jianfang Wang, Jihong Liu, Xiaming Liu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8447","url":null,"abstract":"Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common proliferative disease in older males. PuleanPian, containing rape pollen (RP), is a certified BPH medicine, but its main active compound and mechanism are unknown. This study aims to identify the main active compound of RP for the treatment of BPH. BPH rat models were induced with estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) and treated with RP or its alcohol extract (ALRP). RNA-seq and metabolomics were conducted, and RP compounds were identified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In vitro experiments used BPH-1 and RWPE-1 cells. E2/T induced BPH symptoms, alleviated by RP and ALRP treatment. RP possibly acts through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, promoting autophagy. LC-MS identified five main RP compounds, with sinigrin implicated in BPH treatment via the PI3K/AKT(AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis. Sinigrin may be the active compound in RP for BPH treatment, acting through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: Moschamindole Induces Glioma Cell Apoptosis by Blocking Mia40-Dependent Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Assembly and Oxidative Respiration. 撤回：莫沙莫多尔通过阻断mia40依赖的线粒体膜间空间组装和氧化呼吸诱导胶质瘤细胞凋亡。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8506

{"title":"RETRACTION: Moschamindole Induces Glioma Cell Apoptosis by Blocking Mia40-Dependent Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Assembly and Oxidative Respiration.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8506","url":null,"abstract":"Retraction: G.-D. Huang, F.-F. Chen, J.-H. Yang, G.-X. Ma, Z.-J. Liao, W.-P. Li, Z.-Y. Li, and L. Chen, \"Moschamindole Induces Glioma Cell Apoptosis by Blocking Mia40-Dependent Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Assembly and Oxidative Respiration,\" Phytotherapy Research 35, no. 6 (2021): 3390-3405, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7061. The above article, published online on 15 April 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Angelo Izzo; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The authors were made aware of reports from a third party which indicated that panels used in Figure 6F from this article had been duplicated in two other articles (Liu et al. 2021 [https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8087]; and Huang et al. 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105051]). The authors reported this information to the journal and stated that the Caspase-3/7 activity detection assay was performed by a technical service company and that original data were no longer available. The authors therefore requested retraction for their article. The publisher has additionally confirmed that the assay images in each publication describe different experimental conditions and that one article (Huang et al. 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105051]) contains many of the same authors as the article published in this journal. The retraction has been agreed to because the evidence of duplicated assay images with other publications, in which the same data is reported with different scientific conditions, fundamentally compromises the validity of the conclusions presented in this article. The authors did not respond to our notice regarding the retraction.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glabridin Alleviates Metabolic Disorders in Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice. 光甘草定减轻饮食诱导的糖尿病小鼠代谢紊乱。

IF 6.1 2区医学

Phytotherapy Research Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8517

Xiaoxue Yang, Kaiyi Lai, Jiayu Zhang, Ziyi Chen, Wenwen Ding, Yu Jiang, Ying Liu

{"title":"Glabridin Alleviates Metabolic Disorders in Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Xiaoxue Yang, Kaiyi Lai, Jiayu Zhang, Ziyi Chen, Wenwen Ding, Yu Jiang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8517","url":null,"abstract":"Glabridin (GLD) is a flavonoid derived from licorice. This study aims to evaluate GLD's therapeutic potential in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. A T2DM model was established using male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat, high-glucose diet. GLD was administered via intraperitoneal injection at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg BW, with MET (200 mg/kg BW) as a positive control. Fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and serum parameters were analyzed, along with key markers of glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. GLD significantly lowered blood glucose levels in the diabetic mice. It suppressed gluconeogenesis by inhibiting PEPCK and G6P, while promoting glycogen synthesis by activating GCK and inhibiting GSK-3β. Additionally, GLD enhanced insulin signaling by increasing IRS1 and IRS2 levels and promoting AKT phosphorylation, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. In lipid metabolism, GLD reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation by downregulating lipogenesis-related genes (SREBP1c, FAS, ACC1, and SCD1) and upregulating lipolysis-related genes (PPARα and LCAD). In energy metabolism, GLD increased mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced reactive oxygen species levels, and enhanced the expression of genes associated with mitophagy (PINK1 and Parkin) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, SIRT1, and TFAM). Moreover, GLD mitigated ER stress by decreasing GRP78 and CHOP levels, suppressing PERK phosphorylation, and inhibiting key stress response genes. GLD improves insulin sensitivity and exerts antidiabetic effects by ameliorating metabolic disorders, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for T2DM.","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0