Phytotherapy Research最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Olive Leaf Extract in Improving Blood Pressure in Pre-Hypertensive and Hypertensive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rebeca Lachovicz, Vera Ferro-Lebres, Juliana Almeida-de-Souza, José Alberto Pereira","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annually, approximately 10 million deaths are attributed to hypertension, highlighting the critical need for effective treatments beyond conventional medications due to their limitations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Olea europaea L. on blood pressure in adults with prehypertension and hypertension. The search, conducted from November/2022-October/2024 was performed on EBSCO, CABI, CNKI, Cochrane Library, DOAJ, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases using Hypertension AND Olea europaea L. Eligible studies included those evaluating the effect of Olea europaea L. on systolic/diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive or pre-hypertensive adults. Exclusion criteria were multi-preparation interventions. Data on reference, country, sample, intervention/control details, duration, and differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, adverse effects, and medication use were extracted manually. The mean differences, heterogeneity (I²) and quality of the studies were assessed using Review Manager (version 5.4). From 211 found studies, 3 met the eligibility criteria, considering 248 participants analysed. An antihypertensive effect was observed on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the pre- vs. post-intervention in the global analysis (systolic -6.03 mmHg, 95% CI: [-11.60, -0.46], I² = 82%, p = 0.03; diastolic -2.38 mmHg, 95% CI: [-4.96, 0.20], I² = 50%, p = 0.07) and in the sub-analysis that included the studies with the highest dose (1000 mg/day) (systolic -11.45 mmHg, 95% CI:[-13.99, -8.91], I² = 0%, p ≤ 0.001; diastolic -4.65 mmHg, 95% CI: [-6.56, -2.74], I² = 0%, p ≤ 0.001). Olive leaf extract (1000 mg/day) may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by -11.45 and -4.65 mmHg, respectively. However, limitations include variable trial quality and exclusion of studies not written in English. Additional comprehensive clinical studies are essential to confirm its efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Reports of Suspected Adverse Reactions to Ashwagandha: Analysis of Data From the Italian Nutrivigilance System.","authors":"Ilaria Ippoliti, Silvia Di Giacomo, Paola Angela Moro, Francesca Maida, Gabriela Mazzanti, Francesca Menniti Ippolito, Giuseppe Marano","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Alleviates Breast Cancer-Related Depression by Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Inhibition of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Axis.","authors":"Qing Zhu, Ye Tao, Yuanshan Han, Ying He, Yilan Fu, Hui Yang, Yun Chen, Yingrui Shi","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is associated with a higher incidence of depression and decreased quality of life. Previous studies have indicated that quercetin can mitigate the advancement of breast cancer-related depression (BCRD); however, the specific mechanism by which quercetin affects BCRD is yet to be determined. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of quercetin on BCRD and explore the underlying mechanisms. We established a mouse model of BCRD and administered quercetin. LC-MS was used to analyze and determine distinct alterations in metabolites in mouse tumor samples. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were extracted from mouse femurs and treated with PMA and quercetin/Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Mouse breast cancer cells 4 T1 were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and S1P. Neuronal cells were treated with LPS, NETs, S1P, and Corticosterone. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between differential metabolites and NETs. Quercetin inhibited NET formation in BCRD mice. In vitro, quercetin reversed NET-induced 4 T1 cell proliferation, migration, and ROS production. Quercetin also reversed the effects of NET-induced 4 T1 cells on neuronal cells. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that quercetin ameliorated the metabolic abnormalities in the tumors of BCRD mice. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that S1P, Oleoyl glycine, N-Arachidonoylglycine, 2, 3-butanediol apiosylglucoside, and tetracosatetraenoyl carnitine levels positively correlated with MPO DNA levels. Furthermore, in vitro, S1P enhanced NET-induced 4 T1 cell proliferation, migration, and ROS production, as well as enhanced NET-induced 4 T1 cell damage to neuronal cells. Quercetin alleviated BCRD by inhibiting NETs via inhibition of the S1P/S1PR axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Compounds Exert Anti-Obesity Effects by Regulating Cytokines.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Guize Feng, Weidong Zhang, Xia Liu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, along with its associated health risks such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, metabolic syndrome, asthma, and cancer, constitutes a significant global health burden, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Cytokines, a group of secreted signaling proteins, are crucial in initiating, maintaining, and resolving immune and metabolic responses. Although cytokines have unique advantages in regulating immune and metabolic functions, their therapeutic application for obesity remains limited in clinical practice. Natural compounds, known for their structural diversity and low toxicity, have become a valuable resource for drug development. Many natural compounds have shown anti-obesity effects. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms underlying obesity, with a specific focus on the roles of cytokines, such as inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and growth factors. Additionally, it highlights the regulatory interactions between gut microbiota and cytokines in obesity. The review critically analyzes current anti-obesity pharmacological interventions and summarizes advanced methodologies for identifying potential natural compounds. Finally, it identifies promising natural compounds that modulate cytokine activity to prevent or treat obesity and assesses their potential as complementary or alternative therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Alleviates Chronic Urticaria by Negatively Regulating IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Activation Through CD300f.","authors":"Chenrui Zhao, Na Wang, Chao Wang, Yujuan Yuan, Hongfen Du, Yuanyuan Ding, Hongli An","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic urticaria (CU) is a skin allergy caused by the excessive activation of mast cells. The main etiology of CU is a type I allergic reaction mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig)E. This study mainly explored the therapeutic effect of quercetin in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced CU mice and investigated its target and mechanism in vitro. The CU symptom-alleviating effect of quercetin was assessed by the CU model. The possible molecular mechanisms of quercetin were initially inferred through bioinformatic and multi-database analyses. Quercetin targets were examined using mast cell activation experiments with CD300f knockdown. RT-PCR and western blot experiments were performed to verify the molecular mechanisms of quercetin. Quercetin relieved wheal and scratching times on the back skin of mice as well as reduced eosinophilic infiltration and mast cell degranulation in the skin lesions and inhibited the release of IgE, histamine, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-13 in the serum of mice. In addition, it exhibited potential therapeutic effects on CU through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, quercetin upregulated CD300f in the skin of CU, activated CD300f, and induced downstream SHP-1 phosphorylation. Of note, quercetin bound to CD300f to prevent IgE-mediated LAD2 cell β-hexosaminidase release, histamine release, Ca²⁺ influx, mast cell degranulation, and F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling by inhibiting the AKT/IKK/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. The study results suggest that quercetin alleviates CU by activating the CD300f/SHP-1 signaling pathway. In addition, it activates CD300f to inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling by inhibiting the AKT/IKK/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal Products for Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ruifeng Yang, You Wu, Lindong Zhang, Lili Wu, Lingling Qin, Tonghua Liu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and herbal products may be used as alternative therapies for this comorbidity. We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the efficacy and safety of herbal product-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with T2DM and depression. Scopus, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, SinoMed, and WanFang databases were retrieved from inception to September 2023 to collect RCTs that compared herbal products to placebo and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The risk of bias assessments and a meta-analysis were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.0. The study included 15 studies containing 16 trials. Our analyses revealed that herbal products were more effective than placebo in reducing the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 items (HRSD-24) (MD = -5.98, 95% CI [-7.92, -4.04], p < 0.00001, I² = 0%) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Herbal products combined with SSRIs were better than SSRIs alone in decreasing the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 items (HRSD-17), HRSD-24, and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores. The incidence of adverse events associated with herbal products was comparable to that observed with placebo and SSRIs. For patients with T2DM and depression, herbal products were more effective than placebo in relieving depression symptoms. Additionally, herbal products combined with SSRIs alleviated depression and blood glucose levels more effectively than SSRIs alone. To verify the clinical efficacy of herbal products, high-quality studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portulaca oleracea L. Extract and Its Alkaloid Oleracein E Alleviates Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure in Mice by Targeting STAT2 Through the MAPK Signaling Inflammatory Pathway.","authors":"Risheng Zhao, Min Zhang, Gege Yang, Wei Liu, Hui Yu, Shuang Yan, Ting Ren, Linxin Zhang, Mengyang Wang, Haiming Sun","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertensive heart failure pathogenesis involves angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated mechanisms through both hemodynamic overload and direct cellular signaling pathways. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Portulaca oleracea L. (POL) extract and its active constituent Oleracein E (OE) in attenuating Ang II-induced pathological cardiac remodeling and subsequent heart failure progression. An experimental model of hypertensive heart failure was established in C57BL/6 mice through continuous subcutaneous infusion of Ang II for 4 weeks, with Oleracein E (OE) intervention administered during the final 2 weeks of the protocol. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying OE's cardioprotective effects, we employed an integrated approach combining RNA sequencing analysis, molecular docking simulations, and target validation through drug affinity response target stability (DARTS) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that both POL extract and its active component OE exerted significant cardioprotective effects against Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction in murine models, primarily through attenuation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and suppression of inflammatory responses. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA sequencing identified the MAPK signaling pathway as a critical mediator of these protective effects. Subsequent transcription factor analysis revealed STAT2 as a key regulatory component in this pathway. Importantly, OE treatment effectively mitigated inflammatory responses in both in vivo cardiac tissues and in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes by specifically inhibiting the Ang II-activated MAPKs/STAT2 signaling cascade. Genetic ablation experiments further confirmed the essential role of this pathway, as the anti-inflammatory efficacy of OE was completely abolished in cardiomyocytes with MAPKs or STAT2 deficiency. Molecular interaction studies employing in silico docking simulations combined with experimental validation through DARTS and CETSA techniques provided direct evidence of physical binding between OE and the STAT2 protein. Our findings demonstrate that Oleracein E (OE) confers cardioprotection against Ang II-induced myocardial injury through a novel mechanism involving STAT2 targeting and subsequent suppression of MAPK signaling-mediated inflammatory cascades. These results not only elucidate a previously unrecognized pharmacological pathway but also suggest that OE and its derivatives hold significant therapeutic promise for the clinical management of hypertensive heart failure, potentially offering a targeted approach to modulate pathological cardiac remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Intake of Resveratrol Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study.","authors":"Ke-Xin Tu, Qing-Jian Ou, Fang-Ting Lin, Yu-Tong Zhao, Ru-Hua Zhou, Ruo-Lin Zhou, Yu-Jing Fang, Cai-Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resveratrol, a natural bioactive compound derived from plants, has shown potential anti-colorectal cancer effects in preclinical studies, though population-based epidemiologic evidence is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between resveratrol intake and colorectal cancer risk in a population from Guangdong, China. Conducted between July 2010 and January 2024, this case-control study included 3030 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 3044 frequency-matched controls by sex and age (± 5 years). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire with 81 items, and resveratrol intake was estimated from resveratrol and piceid content based on the China Food Composition Table Standard Edition. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between resveratrol intake and colorectal cancer risk. The results indicated that higher dietary resveratrol intake was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The highest quintile of total resveratrol intake was associated with a 44% lower risk of colorectal cancer compared to the lowest quintile (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44-0.72, p_trend < 0.001). This association was consistent for resveratrol derived from vegetables, fruits, edible fungi, and nuts. Sex-stratified analysis revealed a stronger protective effect in men (p_interaction = 0.033). Overall, these findings suggest that achievable dietary levels of resveratrol may be associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Further prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fisetin Clears Senescent Cells Through the Pi3k-Akt-Bcl-2/Bcl-xl Pathway to Alleviate Diabetic Aortic Aging.","authors":"Xiao-Man Ji, Xin-Xin Dong, Jia-Peng Li, Guang-Jie Tai, Shu Qiu, Wei Wei, Ceaser Wankumbu Silumbwe, Davaadagva Damdinjav, Joseph Nicolao Otieno, Xiao-Xue Li, Ming Xu","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular aging is a major contributor to age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced early arterial aging and excessive senescent cells (SCs) burden in vessels. Inhibiting cellular senescence or eliminating SCs could effectively improve aging-related CVDs. Fisetin, a flavonoid extracted from cotinus coggygria scop, has shown potential in alleviating aging by clearing SCs. This study investigated the unexplored mechanisms and efficacy of fisetin in alleviating T2DM-related aortic aging. The T2DM mouse model was induced using a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. Chronic fisetin treatment's protective effects against aortic aging were assessed via senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, histopathology, and vasomotor function. RNA-sequencing and western blotting identified relevant signaling pathways and protein expression. Fisetin's effects on SCs and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were evaluated through cell viability, apoptosis, and co-culture assays. Docking simulations suggested fisetin as a potential Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) inhibitor. In vivo, chronic fisetin treatment reduced aortic SCs burden, alleviating T2DM-related and natural aortic aging. In vitro, fisetin selectively induced apoptosis of senescent endothelial cells via regulating the Pi3k-Protein Kinase B (Akt)-B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2/Bcl-xl pathway and suppressed SASP and its detrimental effects. Furthermore, fisetin combined with metformin therapy showed superior anti-aging effects on T2DM-related aortic aging compared to metformin monotherapy. In conclusion, chronic fisetin treatment alleviates T2DM-related aortic aging via clearing the SCs burden and abrogating the SASP factors. Fisetin combined with metformin therapy might be a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM-related CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Insomnia With Traditional Chinese Medicine Presents a Promising Prospect.","authors":"Boyi Zhang, Qianqian Wang, Yuhang Zhang, Hanyu Wang, Jingyu Kang, Yandi Zhu, Baiyan Wang, Shuying Feng","doi":"10.1002/ptr.8495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts global health. While Western medications provide temporary relief, their risks of dependency and cognitive impairment have spurred the search for safer alternatives. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a promising approach to treating insomnia by focusing on harmonizing the balance of Yin and Yang and the functions of internal organs. This review explores recent research advances in TCM for insomnia treatment, integrating classical theories with modern scientific understanding of key pathological mechanisms, including neurotransmitter regulation (GABA, monoamines), immune-inflammatory responses, the HPA axis, and interactions with the gut microbiota. Growing clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of classical TCM prescriptions and treatments like acupuncture in improving sleep quality, particularly when combined with Western medications to enhance efficacy and reduce dependency. However, TCM also has its limitations. Future research directions should focus on modernizing TCM applications, addressing comorbidities associated with insomnia, exploring the role of gut microbiota, and optimizing medicinal and edible homologous products. By integrating traditional knowledge with cutting-edge technologies, TCM holds great potential for advancing personalized and effective insomnia treatments globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":20110,"journal":{"name":"Phytotherapy Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}