Physical Review Applied最新文献

{"title":"Active compensation of the AC Stark shift in a two-photon rubidium optical frequency reference using power modulation.","authors":"Yorick Andeweg, John Kitching, Matthew T Hummon","doi":"10.1103/25md-vv43","DOIUrl":"10.1103/25md-vv43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We implement a feedback protocol to suppress the AC Stark shift in a two-photon rubidium optical frequency reference, reducing its sensitivity to optical power variations by a factor of 1000. This method alleviates the tradeoff between short-term and long-term stability imposed by the AC Stark shift, enabling us to simultaneously achieve instabilities of 3 × 10^-14 at 1 s and 2 × 10^-14 at 10⁴ s. We also quantitatively describe, and experimentally explore, a stability limit imposed on clocks using this method by frequency noise on the local oscillator.</p>","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminum junctions with well-transmitted channels: A platform for higher-harmonic Josephson elements","authors":"J. Griesmar, H. Riechert, A. Peugeot, M. Hantute, S. Annabi, Ç.Ö. Girit, G.O. Steffensen, A.L. Yeyati, E. Arrighi, L. Bretheau, J.-D. Pillet","doi":"10.1103/78vl-znpj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/78vl-znpj","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain effects on the fluctuation properties in noncollinear antiferromagnets: A first-principles and macrospin-based study.","authors":"Mohammad M Rahman, Farzad Mahfouzi, Matthew W Daniels, Mark D Stiles","doi":"10.1103/fxpw-ygkd","DOIUrl":"10.1103/fxpw-ygkd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a theoretical investigation of epitaxial strain effects on the magnetic fluctuation properties of Mn₃Sn noncollinear antiferromagnets. Employing density functional theory (DFT), we uncover significant strain-induced modifications to key magnetic parameters, including magnetic anisotropy and both bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions. Our findings reveal that the biquadratic exchange, often neglected, plays a crucial role in defining the magnetic energy landscape and its response to strain. These microscopic changes directly impact the energy barriers governing magnetic switching, thereby influencing thermal stability and fluctuation rates. Using macrospin-based simulations based on DFT-derived parameters, we provide a quantitative analysis of the macroscopic magnetic fluctuations influenced by these microscopic interactions. These insights are particularly relevant for applications requiring precisely controlled magnetic behavior, such as hardware for probabilistic computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configurable thermoacoustic streaming by laser-induced temperature gradients.","authors":"Franziska Martens, Wei Qiu, Ola Jakobsson, Christian Cierpka, Andreas Ehn, Per Augustsson","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024043","DOIUrl":"10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>mControlling the streaming flow in acoustically actuated microchannels enables the targeted motion of suspended micro-objects. This can offer novel approaches for rare cell studies or cell sorting in medicine or basic biology. In this work, we utilize the temperature dependence of the acoustic body force, which originates from the interaction of an acoustic field with gradients in compressibility or density. A temperature gradient was optically induced inside an acoustofluidic microchannel by the absorption of light and the resulting streaming flow was measured by particle tracking in three dimensions. Inside a microfluidic channel, two different thermal fields were investigated for a fixed sound field, both in experiments and in simulations. The results show that shifting the location of the heat source from the center to the side of the channel leads to a transition from four streaming rolls to two rolls in the plane normal to the laser incidence. By modulating the optical absorbance of the medium, the streaming velocity can be tuned such that higher absorption leads to faster thermoacoustic streaming. Further, for higher absorbance, we observe increasing velocity components in the direction of the laser due to asymmetric heat generation along the beam.</p>","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-energy-density acoustofluidic device using a double-parabolic ultrasonic transducer.","authors":"Enrico Corato, Ola Jakobsson, Wei Qiu, Takeshi Morita, Per Augustsson","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024031","DOIUrl":"10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-acoustic-energy-density acoustofluidic devices are necessary to make this technology a viable option for clinical applications in the biomedical field. We present a mechanical interface that enables delivery of a high-amplitude acoustic field inside a fluid cavity by translating the vibrations from two large piezoelectric elements into a microfluidic chip. The study comprises both experimental characterization of a double-parabolic metallic acoustic waveguide and simulations of its working mechanism in two dimensions. We could focus 4.9-μm polystyrene particles at a flowrate of 5 ml/min, corresponding to an average retention time of 13.5 ms for particles in the actuated area. Moreover, we measured the acoustic energy density in the channel at stopped-flow condition, obtaining an average value of 1207 J<i>/</i>m³ and a maximum value of 2977 J<i>/</i>m³ with an input electrical power of 1.5 W. By comparing the simulation results with laser-Doppler vibrometer measurements, we confirmed that transverse sound waves play a significant role in the working mechanism of the double-parabolic structure, thus paving the way for further future optimization of the waveguide design.</p>","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonreciprocity of surface acoustic waves coupled to spin waves in a ferromagnetic bilayer with noncollinear layer magnetizations","authors":"Lidiia Ushii, Andrei Slavin, Roman Verba","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034046","url":null,"abstract":"Nonreciprocity of propagation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the microwave frequency band can be achieved using the magnetoelastic interaction of SAWs with spin waves (SWs) propagating in magnetic heterostructures. Recent works have shown that the ultimate isolation of a counterpropagating hybridized SAW/SW is achieved in heterostructures consisting of a synthetic antiferromagnet—a ferromagnetic (FM) bilayer with antiferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interlayer coupling—placed on top of a piezoelectric acoustic waveguide. In this work, we study in detail a more practical and technologically simpler system based on an FM bilayer, where layers are coupled by only dipole-dipole interaction, and having noncollinear magnetizations of the FM layers. A weak in-plane anisotropy with noncollinear easy axes in the layers is shown to be the only essential factor for the realization of strongly nonreciprocal propagation of a hybridized SAW/SW. We formulate requirements for the relative orientation of the layer’s magnetizations and wave propagation direction necessary to realize an efficient SAW isolator, and demonstrate examples of SAW transmission characteristics which prove the possibility of achieving an isolation exceeding 50 dB for a submillimeter-long FM bilayer with insertion losses of just a few decibels more than those of a pure SAW device. In addition to relative fabrication simplicity, the proposed magnetoelastic heterostructure exhibits a reasonable robustness in respect to deviations in the anisotropy axes and/or bias field directions—an important benefit for device mass production.","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental demonstration of deep-learning-enabled adaptive optics","authors":"Hao-Bin Fu, Zu-Yang Wan, Yu-huai Li, Bo Li, Zhen Rong, Gao-Qiang Wang, Juan Yin, Ji-Gang Ren, Wei-Yue Liu, Sheng-Kai Liao, Yuan Cao, Cheng-Zhi Peng","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034047","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite-based quantum communication is a promising approach for establishing global-scale quantum networks. In free-space quantum channels, single-mode-fiber coupling plays a crucial role in increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of daylight quantum key distribution (QKD) and ensuring compatibility with standard fiber-based QKD protocols. However, consistently achieving high efficiency and stable single-mode-fiber coupling under strong atmospheric turbulence remains an ongoing experimental challenge. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate an adaptive method based on convolutional neural networks capable of directly estimating phase information from a single defocused image. We developed a convolutional neural network to establish the relationship between intensity distribution and phase information of turbulent distortions. We demonstrate the real-time performance of our deep-learning adaptive method in increasing single-mode-fiber coupling efficiency across various turbulence scales and quantify turbulence frequencies. Notably, the method proved highly effective in strong-turbulence scenarios, with frequencies reaching up to 200 Hz, leading to a significant increase in single-mode-fiber coupling efficiency. We demonstrate the corrective capability of our adaptive method for strong turbulence, enabled by the generalization of the convolutional neural network. Our results offer an efficient solution for daytime free-space QKD applications.","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static quantum dot on a large potential hilltop for generating and analyzing hot electrons in the quantum Hall regime","authors":"Ryo Oishi, Yuto Hongu, Tokuro Hata, Chaojing Lin, Takafumi Akiho, Koji Muraki, Toshimasa Fujisawa","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034043","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and demonstrate a static quantum dot on a potential hilltop to generate and analyze ballistic hot electrons along a quantum Hall edge channel well above the chemical potential. High-energy resolution associated with discrete energy levels is attractive for studying hot-electron dynamics. In particular, the energy distribution function of hot electrons weakly coupled to cold electrons is investigated to reveal spectral diffusion with energy relaxation. The analysis allows us to estimate the maximum energy exchange per scattering, which is a key parameter to describe interacting electrons in the edge channel.","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power-stabilized 3-W blue laser locked to the 420-nm transition in rubidium","authors":"Jia Zhang, Xiaolei Guan, Xun Gao, Zhiyang Wang, Xiaomin Qin, Zijie Liu, Hangbo Shi, Jianxiang Miao, Tiantian Shi, Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034045","url":null,"abstract":"Using modulation transfer spectroscopy, we achieve the frequency stabilization of a high-power 3-W blue laser at the wavelength of 420 nm to the <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Rb</mi></math> <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>5</mn><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math>–<math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>6</mn><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> transition. The in-loop frequency stability of this laser is <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>1.8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mi>τ</mi></msqrt></math>, reaching <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>1.7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup></math> at 100 s and <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></math> at 1000 s. An external power feedback loop is established using an acousto-optic modulator, employing the zeroth-order diffracted light for power stabilization, achieving an in-loop power stability of <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>1.0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math> at 1 s. Moreover, the continuous mode-hop free interval of this high-power laser can simultaneously cover the <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>5</mn><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math>–<math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>6</mn><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> transitions of <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mi></mi><mn>85</mn></msup><mtext>Rb</mtext></math> and <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Rb</mtext></math>, with successful locking achieved for both isotopes, providing a comprehensive analysis of the <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Rb</mi></math> atomic transitions in the blue spectral region. As an application, this 3-W 420-nm laser with excellent power and frequency stabilities is used as a repumping source for diffuse laser cooling of <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Rb</mtext></math> atoms, realizing a one-meter-long cold-atom cloud. This paves the way for using blue-light cooling to realize a cold-<math disp","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of threshold voltages in Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 quantum devices via optical illumination","authors":"M.A. Wolfe, Brighton X. Coe, Justin S. Edwards, Tyler J. Kovach, Thomas McJunkin, Benjamin Harpt, D.E. Savage, M.G. Lagally, R. McDermott, Mark Friesen, Shimon Kolkowitz, M.A. Eriksson","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.034044","url":null,"abstract":"Optical illumination of quantum dot qubit devices at cryogenic temperatures, while not well studied, is often used to recover operating conditions after undesired shocking events or charge injection. Here, we demonstrate systematic threshold-voltage shifts in a dopant-free <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Si</mi></math>/<math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Si</mi></math><math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi></mi><mrow><mn>0.7</mn></mrow></msub></math><math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Ge</mi></math><math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi></mi><mrow><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></msub></math> field-effect transistor using a near-infrared (780-nm) laser diode. We find that illumination under an applied gate voltage can be used to set a specific, stable, and reproducible threshold voltage that, over a wide range in gate bias, is equal to that gate bias. Outside this range, the threshold voltage can still be tuned, although the resulting threshold voltage is no longer equal to the applied gate bias during illumination. We present a simple and intuitive model that provides a mechanism for the tunability in the gate bias. The model presented also explains why cryogenic illumination is successful at resetting quantum dot qubit devices after undesired charging events.","PeriodicalId":20109,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Applied","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}