Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Adapting to low phosphorus: alterations in HvSPX4 expression levels in barley.","authors":"Munkhtsetseg Tsednee","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic acid inhibits V-ATPase activity and restricts cell elongation.","authors":"Jonas Müller,Yvonne König,Kaltra Xhelilaj,Sabrina Kaiser,Tobias Müller,Alejandra Vielba-Fernández,Julien Gronnier,Christian Löfke,Melanie Krebs,David Scheuring","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf439","url":null,"abstract":"While the role of salicylic acid (SA) in plant defence has been investigated for decades, its role in regulating plant growth and development has only come into focus recently. SA application inhibits growth independently of the established \"Non-expressor of Pathogenesis Related\" (NPR) receptors. However, the underlying mechanism at the cellular level remains largely elusive. Here, we show that SA induces changes in vacuolar morphology and a significant increase in vacuolar pH in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrate SA-mediated inhibition of V-ATPase activity, which is confirmed by experiments using the V-ATPase mutant vha-a2 vha-a3. The observed effects seem to be independent of the phytohormone auxin, which has been reported to crosstalk with SA. By inhibiting V-ATPase activity, SA impacts basic cellular functions such as vesicle trafficking and/or nutrient storage, affecting cell size and growth. Our results reveal a NPR-independent mechanism that attenuates growth, potentially reallocating resources to enhance plant robustness and promote endurance during environmental stresses.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomatal economy: EPF1 balances stomatal density and efficiency.","authors":"Bo Xu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing plant agriculture to mitigate climate change: a framework to evaluate synthetic biology (and other) interventions.","authors":"Claudia E Vickers,Philipp Zerbe","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf410","url":null,"abstract":"Plant agriculture contributes substantially to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it also offers powerful opportunities for climate change mitigation. Here we focus on how to identify and prioritize synthetic biology strategies to reduce emissions and sequester carbon through plant-based interventions. Effective solutions must process large volumes of carbon, be scalable, yield a positive lifecycle balance, and be economically viable, technically feasible, and deployable in field conditions without undue damage to what remains of nature on Earth. Using Fermi estimation, we quantify the 100-year CO₂-equivalent (CO₂e) drawdown potential of emerging synthetic biology strategies-including improved CO₂ fixation, reduced yield losses, root-deposited biopolymers, engineered nitrogen fixation, and methane reduction-and benchmark them against non-engineered approaches such as biochar, forestation, and fast-growing biomass crops. We used a 100-year horizon to allow for both development and implementation of high-risk but high-impact synthetic biology strategies. We integrate factors such as per-hectare effectiveness, year-on-year sequestration, deployment area, and storage durability. We demonstrate that while per-hectare impacts vary by orders of magnitude (<1 to >30 t CO₂e/ha/year), deployment scale is the dominant factor determining total impact. Targeted synthetic biology strategies implemented across existing agricultural systems could deliver ∼120 Gt CO₂e drawdown over a century and contribute to an additional ∼140 Gt CO₂e drawdown. Decreasing synthetic nitrogen fertiliser use and biochar implementation have the biggest CO₂e impact potential. Early-stage quantitative evaluation is critical to guide R&D toward climate-relevant solutions and deliver a prioritized portfolio of near- and long-term strategies. A transdisciplinary approach-linking synthetic biology, agronomy, engineering, and social systems-is essential to realize impact. This work offers a framework for evaluating plant agriculture-based climate mitigation strategies and highlights a key role for synthetic biology in mitigation pathways. Regular re-evaluation of strategies should be performed to ensure that they are meaningful for climate change mitigation as other factors evolve.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiamine triphosphate puts the brake on the activation state of chloroplast ATP synthase.","authors":"Kai Wang,Jean Alric,Teresa B Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf424","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic effectors are critical in orchestrating biological processes. B vitamin-derived coenzymes are vital for coordinating metabolic enzyme activities, the disruption of which has been linked to numerous diseases in humans and fitness in plants. Modified derivatives of these coenzymes exist and could act as effectors to regulate certain metabolic processes but remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the non-coenzyme vitamin B1 derivative thiamine triphosphate is transiently produced early during the light period in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). The production of this compound is driven by a chemiosmotic mechanism in the chloroplast, which contrasts with mammalian neuronal cells, where it is produced in the mitochondria. Using biophysical techniques of photosynthesis, we show that thiamine triphosphate serves to brake the activation state of chloroplast ATP synthase. This effect is suggested to be achieved by the opportune biosynthesis of thiamine triphosphate from inorganic phosphate and the coenzyme thiamine diphosphate in chloroplasts, which alters the substrate budget of photosynthesis, affecting the coordination of ATP synthesis and consumption during the Calvin-Benson cycle. Intriguingly, the absence of thiamine triphosphate alters the expression of plastid-encoded ATP synthase subunits. The study expands our knowledge on coenzyme derivatives as regulatory molecules in biological systems and, in this case, their regulation of energy metabolism.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CsWRKY50-CsREM1-CsTSⅠ module inhibits theanine biosynthesis in tea plants under drought stress.","authors":"Shenyuan Ye,Linlin Li,Ping Li,Xinzhuan Yao,Qi Zhao,Shiyu Tian,Tong Li,Yihe Jiang,Zhenkedai Yuan,Yu Chen,Qi-Hong Zou,Shi-Yu Zhang,Yue Wan,Chao Xu,Hui Hu,Zifan Yang,Chao Luo,Li-Tang Lu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf437","url":null,"abstract":"Drought affects theanine biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants, but how drought stress affects the associated regulatory mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we explored the molecular regulatory network governing theanine biosynthesis under drought stress. Prolonged drought stress significantly reduced theanine content and the expression of Camellia sinensis theanine synthase Ⅰ (CsTSⅠ) in tea plant leaves. We employed yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening using the CsTSⅠ promoter as bait to identify transcription factors regulating CsTSⅠ transcription. Analysis of the drought stress transcriptome facilitated identification of the transcription factor Camellia sinensis REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM 1 (CsREM1), whose encoding gene had FPKM values significantly correlated with theanine content and CsTSⅠ expression. Further experiments confirmed that CsREM1 can directly bind to the promoter region of CsTSⅠ, thereby positively regulating its transcription and enhancing theanine biosynthesis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which drought conditions inhibit theanine biosynthesis, we employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and identified the transcription factor CsWRKY50. Our findings indicate that as the duration of drought stress increases, CsWRKY50 expression is upregulated. CsWRKY50 directly interacts with the promoter region of CsREM1, negatively regulating its transcription and, consequently, its effect on CsTSI. Ultimately, downregulation of CsTSⅠ transcription leads to diminished theanine biosynthesis. Overall, our findings indicate that the CsWRKY50-CsREM1-CsTSⅠ module is crucial for regulating theanine biosynthesis under drought stress.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WRKY7 positively regulates plant immunity by transcriptionally activating N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 in Nicotiana benthamiana","authors":"Ming Wu, Xiyin Zheng, Maohong Hu, Danfeng Zhang, Xin Lei, Meng Han, Fanrong Peng, Jianguo Wu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf426","url":null,"abstract":"N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 (NRG1) is a pivotal player in the basal immune system and in Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (TNL)-mediated effector-triggered immunity (ETI), yet its transcriptional regulation remains poorly investigated. In this study, we identified NbWRKY7, a WRKY transcription factor that enhances both basal immunity and TNL-mediated ETI by regulating NRG1 transcription and accumulation. NbWRKY7 directly binds to the W-box cis-elements within the NRG1 promoter and induces its transcription. Silencing NbWRKY7 compromises basal defense and impairs TNL-mediated resistance to both viral and bacterial pathogens, as well as hypersensitive response-type programmed cell death (HR-PCD). Notably, effectors trigger resistosome formation to activate NRG1-dependent immune responses, which, in turn, further enhances NbWRKY7 transcription, thereby reinforcing NRG1 transcription. The WRKY7–NRG1 module orchestrates TNL-mediated immune responses through a positive feedback loop in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our findings provide perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of NRG1 during basal and TNL-mediated immune responses, offering insights into the complex interplay of transcription factors in plant immunity.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep Dive into Plant Metabolomics: Milestones, Technologies, and Translational Impact.","authors":"Megha Rai,Mainak Dutta,Kazuki Saito,Amit Rai","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf408","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics has emerged as an essential pillar of plant functional genomics, filling the gap between genotype and phenotype with direct biochemical readout of plant physiology. This update review highlights the contribution of metabolomics as a field towards our current knowledge of plant biology, starting from targeted analysis to the present high-throughput untargeted era of metabolomics. We elaborate on how metabolomics revolutionized the study of plant stress response, unveiling roles of specialized metabolites in defense, adaptation, and ecological interactions, and in extension, its contribution towards functional genomics leading to the improvement of plants with desired traits. We identified and summarized over 500 open-source computational tools for analyzing metabolomics datasets, encompassing processes from mass feature extraction to metabolite annotation. We discuss its use in the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, especially specialized metabolites in medicinal plants, and the discovery of candidates through comparative transcriptome-metabolome profiling. This review further covers the emergence of metabolome-wide association study (mGWAS) and metabolite QTL analysis (mQTL), which exploit genetic diversity to localize biosynthetic genes and regulatory sites. Emerging technology such as imaging MS, single cell metabolomics, AI-powered metabolite identification and annotation, and global data repositories promise to scale metabolomics to precision crop improvement and synthetic biology. In covering all areas with completeness and vision, we intend that this review acts as the go-to guide for plant metabolism decoders, teachers, and practitioners working to unlock plant metabolism for sustainable agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apocarotenoid signaling regulates meristem activity and shapes shoot and root lateral organ formation in Arabidopsis","authors":"Julio Sierra, Lina Escobar-Tovar, Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil, Omar Oltehua-López, Kenny Alejandra Agreda-Laguna, Joseph G Dubrovsky, Ryan P McQuinn, Patricia Leon","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf414","url":null,"abstract":"Plastids synthesize signals crucial for plant development, including carotenoid-derived molecules with hormonal and retrograde signaling functions that regulate nuclear gene expression, which is an emerging research area. Here we investigate the function of the plastid-derived apocarotenoid signal 1 (ACS1), whose accumulation disrupts plastid biogenesis, affects lateral organ formation, and compromises apical meristem maintenance. By modulating ACS1 levels in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through different light conditions, we show its reversible and dynamic role in leaf and root development. Notably, the characteristic morphological defects of ACS1-accumulating mutants revert under conditions that limit its synthesis, even several days post-germination. This indicates that ACS1 does not cause irreversible damage but rather acts as a signal produced under specific tissues and conditions that associates with the cell-specific expression of its biosynthetic enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis of ACS1-accumulating mutants shows a critical developmental window during which ACS1 affects the expression of numerous plastid-housekeeping genes, correlating with an early block in plastid biogenesis after DNA replication and before transcriptional activation. This disruption affects chloroplast biogenesis and amyloplast starch accumulation. ACS1 accumulation also alters the expression of key developmental regulators, including genes involved in auxin signaling and transport, leading to compromised meristem maintenance and leaf expansion. Beyond photosynthetic tissues, ACS1 also disrupts root apical meristem organization, notably altering columella cell patterning and gravitropic responses. Overall, our findings establish ACS1 as a dynamic conditionally active plastid-derived signal that modulates plastid differentiation, meristem activity, and lateral organ development, underscoring the broader role of cis-carotenoid-derived signals in coordinating plastid function with plant growth and development.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFLAO1 promotes NITRITE REDUCTASE degradation to modulate growth and oilseed production in Brassica napus","authors":"Yuanyuan Li, Shuyang Cheng, Yanjing Xu, Ning Sun, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf429","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient nitrogen utilization is essential for the survival and yield improvement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), an important oil crop. However, the mechanisms governing nitrogen responses and use efficiency in this species remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify BnLAO1 genes as repressors of nitrogen-stimulated growth and oilseed production in B. napus. BnLAO1 genes encode F-box proteins that associate with CULLIN1 (BnCUL1) to form intact SKP1/CULLIN/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases. BnLAO1 proteins are regulated by the autophagy pathway through their direct interaction with BnATG8A. Furthermore, we provide evidence that BnLAO1 proteins directly interact with and degrade NITRITE REDUCTASE (BnNiR), a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen assimilation. Interestingly, the homologue of BnLAO1 proteins in Arabidopsis, AtLAO1, does not interact with or degrade AtNiR. Finally, we demonstrate that the functional differences between BnLAO1 proteins and AtLAO1 are due to two amino acid mutations in BnNiR, which influence NiR recognition by LAO1 in plants. Collectively, this study elucidates BnLAO1 function within the regulatory network governing nitrogen utilization in B. napus, offering valuable insights for developing nitrogen-efficient crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}