Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"First Report of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> on Jute (<i>Corchorus capsularis</i>) in Taiwan.","authors":"Jo Tzu Ho, Ming-Yu Tsai, P Janet Chen","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0260-PDN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0260-PDN","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) was once an important economic crop for fiber production in Taiwan. In addition to its fiber, jute leaves are rich in minerals and contain several bioactive compounds (Biswas et al. 2022). Today, \"Taichung No. 1\" (sweet jute), developed by the Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, has become a popular local vegetable and is primarily cultivated in the Taichung region (Peng 2024). In September 2023, soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of jute plants in a field in Taiping District, Taichung City, Taiwan, during a field survey. A nematode population was established from a single egg mass and later used for species identification and pathogenicity tests. Perineal pattern analysis of eight mature females from the single female population show oval to rounded shapes with weak lateral lines. Dorsal arches are high and squarish, with smooth to wavy striae. Second-stage juveniles (J2s) are vermiform, possessing a slender tail that tapers to a rounded tip with a distinct hyaline region at the tail terminus. These morphological characteristics agree with the previous description of Meloidogyne incognita (Hunt and Handoo 2009). Molecular identification was performed by extracting DNA from approximately 1,500 J2s using GeneMark Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit (GeneMark, Taiwan). DNA amplification using the primer set Finc/Rinc, which specifically targets M. incognita (Zijlstra et al. 2000), yielded a 1,200 bp fragment, confirming the species identity. Further molecular analysis was conducted by amplifying 18S rDNA fragment, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, and a COII region on mtDNA using primer sets MelF/MelR, D2A/D3B, and TRNAH/MRH106, respectively (Stanton et al. 1997, Subbotin et al. 2006, Tigano et al. 2005). The 18S rDNA sequence (PV056137) obtained in this study exhibited 100% nucleotide identity with M. incognita isolated from the United States (KP901064). Similarly, the D2-D3 sequence (PV061583) was identical to M. incognita from the United States (KP901070), and the COII region sequence (PV056160) also showed 100% identity with M. incognita from the United States (NC024097). Phylogenetic trees based on these three gene sequences were plotted following Ye et al. (2021), revealing that the newly described root-knot nematode isolated from jute clustered with other M. incognita isolates. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on three-week-old, nematode-free jute plants that were directly germinated from seeds (Dali Horticulture Store, Taichung, Taiwan) and grown in 9 cm diameter pots filled with 200 cm3 of sterile peat moss/sand (1:1, W/W). Each plant (n=5) was inoculated with 2000 eggs (10 eggs/cm3), while control plants were treated with water only. Forty-five days after inoculation, jute plants inoculated with M. incognita had an average reproduction factor (final population/initial population) of 6.8. No galls were observed on the roots of the control plants. The","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Colletotrichum chlorophyti</i> and <i>C. sojae</i> Causing Soybean Leaf Anthracnose in Iowa.","authors":"Edgar Humberto Nieto-López, Savannah J Tiffany, Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza, Willie Anderson Santos Vieira, Adam J Sisson, Stith N Wiggs, Daren S Mueller","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0317-PDN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0317-PDN","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In August 2023, soybean (&lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt; L.) leaf anthracnose (SLA) symptoms, predominantly at leaf margins, were observed in variety trials and commercial fields in Iowa (&lt;1% incidence field on Newton and Story counties). Acervuli covered with conidial masses were consistently observed, primarily at leaf edges. Symptomatic leaves were collected, surfaced-disinfested (70% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 0.75% NaClO for 1 min, and rinsed twice in sterile water), and placed in a humid chamber at 20°C with a diurnal cycle until sporulation. Conidial masses developed on foliar lesions were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Six isolates were obtained and subcultured as monoconidial cultures. Initially, fungal growth appeared pinkish but darkened after three days. Isolates were categorized into two groups based on phenotypic features. Group 1: (C03S23, C04S23, C05S23, C07S23): colonies brown-pinkish, conidia cylindrical, aseptate, and hyaline, of 12.3-20.6 × 4.9-6.2 μm (n = 70). Group 2: (C09S23, C10S23): colonies blackish, conidia falcate, aseptate, and hyaline, of 18.01-22.09 × 3.4-5.2 μm (n = 70). The phenotypic features were similar to those of &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum&lt;/i&gt; (Sutton 1980). For species identification, DNA was extracted, and the ACT, GAPDH, ITS, and TUB2 genes were amplified and sequenced using the PCR primers described by Weir et al. (2012). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. PQ592521-PQ592531, PQ615274-PQ615279) and concatenated, and analyzed with representative &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum&lt;/i&gt; sequences from previous studies for a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses indicated that two species were found: &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum sojae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. chlorophyti&lt;/i&gt;. Pathogenicity was verified on soybean cv. Williams 82 plants at the V1-V2 growth stage. Isolates were grown on 1/3-strength PDA for 14 days at 25°C under a diurnal cycle. Seeds were disinfected with 70% ethanol for 1 min, followed by 2.25% NaClO for 6 min, and rinsed twice in sterile water, then planted in trays with sterile perlite at 25°C under a diurnal cycle. Plants were inoculated with approx. 100 ml conidial suspension (1×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; conidia/ml) with 0.25% surfactant Tween 20 until runoff on unwounded leaves from each isolate. Controls were inoculated using the same approach with just sterile water. Plants were maintained in a humid chamber in darkness at 25°C for 24 h, and settings were changed to 25°C under a diurnal cycle (25% light intensity). Trifoliate leaves developed symptoms three days after inoculation, whereas control remained symptomless. The symptoms produced by each fungal species were identical. The fungi were consistently re-isolated and identified culturally and morphologically on PDA, fulfilling Koch´s postulates. Each &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum&lt;/i&gt; species was phenotypically as described by Takaki et al. (2024), Hassan et al. (2022), and confirmed molecularly with our phylogenetic tree. &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum so","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Ceriporia lacerata</i> causing root rot disease of <i>Delonix regia</i> in Taiwan.","authors":"Wei-Ting Chuang, Zong-Chi Wu, Che-Chih Chen, Chia-Lin Chung","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0805-PDN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0805-PDN","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceriporia lacerata&lt;/i&gt; (syn. &lt;i&gt;Irpex laceratus&lt;/i&gt;) is a saprotrophic fungus commonly found on angiosperm branches and rotten trunks (Chen et al. 2021). It was also reported as an endophyte in some plants (Fusco et al. 2022; Lapuz et al. 2018; Martin et al. 2015 Wang et al. 2013; Yuan et al. 2011). In October 2021, a flame tree (&lt;i&gt;Delonix regia&lt;/i&gt;) at the main campus of National Taiwan University (NTU) suddenly toppled over in no wind or rain. The canopy was weak, characterized by sparse branches, leaves, and foliar chlorosis. The roots and stem base were covered with white to cream, effused-resupinate basidiomata. The wood tissues appeared whitish and decayed. To isolate the causal agent, diseased root samples were surface disinfested with 75% EtOH, 1% NaClO, and triple rinsed with sterile water. The samples were cut into 0.5 × 0.5 cm pieces then placed onto the selective medium \"MA+4\" (Wu et al. 2020). After a few days, extended hyphae from tissues were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 30℃ in the dark for 4 days. Colonies were white on the upper and reverse sides, and no spores were observed. To confirm the species identity, genomic DNA extracted from 3 isolates (TP1, TP2, TP3) were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, 28S rDNA, RNA polymerase Ⅱ large subunit (&lt;i&gt;rpb1&lt;/i&gt;), RNA polymerase Ⅱ second largest subunit (&lt;i&gt;rpb2&lt;/i&gt;), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (&lt;i&gt;tef1&lt;/i&gt;) with published primers (Chen et al. 2021) (GenBank nos. PV342505-PV342507, PV472218-PV472232). According to the phylogram of the Irpicaceae inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) analyses using the combined ITS+28S+ &lt;i&gt;rpb1&lt;/i&gt;+&lt;i&gt;rpb2&lt;/i&gt;+&lt;i&gt;tef1&lt;/i&gt; dataset, all three isolates clustered with &lt;i&gt;C. lacerata&lt;/i&gt; (syn. &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;laceratus&lt;/i&gt;) in a highly supported lineage (BP = 99%). To fulfill Koch's postulates, &lt;i&gt;C. lacerata&lt;/i&gt; isolates TP1 and three isolates previously collected from basidiomata on angiosperm branches or rotten trunk in Taiwan (V00476, V00503, V00507) were used for inoculation. The inoculum was cultured on sorghum grains (100 g sorghum, 50 ml dH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, and 5 mg chloramphenicol) at 30℃ in the dark for 3 weeks. In the greenhouse at the First Hall of NTU (natural light), wounded and nonwounded inoculations were conducted on &lt;i&gt;D. regia&lt;/i&gt; seedlings (Liao et al. 2023) (n = 4 in the first trial and n = 6 in the second trial). 10 g of inoculum was wrapped around the lower stem by parafilm and then covered with aluminum foil. The inoculum was removed at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). Wilting was observed in 50% of the wounded-inoculated plants at 21 dpi, while the remaining plants exhibited no external symptoms up to 120 dpi. However, &lt;i&gt;C. lacerata&lt;/i&gt; caused internal discoloration of all inoculated stem tissues. &lt;i&gt;C. lacerata&lt;/i&gt; was reisolated from the bark (99% frequency from wounded and 56% from nonwounded) and interior wood tissues (79% from w","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Diversity of <i>Fusarium</i> Species Causing Potato Dry Rot in the San Luis Valley, Colorado.","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam, Jeremy Daniel, Mohamad Chikh-Ali","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0628-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0628-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium dry rot (FDR) is a major postharvest disease of potatoes, causing significant economic losses worldwide. This study investigated the morphological and molecular diversity of Fusarium species causing dry rot in the San Luis Valley (SLV), Colorado. Potato tubers exhibiting characteristic dry rot symptoms were sampled during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Fusarium species were isolated, characterized morphologically and molecularly, and identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. clavum, and F. solani. Colony morphology, macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospore formation were analyzed to classify isolates into four distinct groups. Molecular characterization using ITS, rpb2, and tef markers confirmed species identity, supported by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, which grouped isolates into well-defined clades. Radial growth assessments demonstrated significant differences among species over time, with F. sambucinum exhibiting the fastest growth. Pathogenicity assays on three potato cultivars revealed varying virulence, with F. solani causing the most severe infections in cultivars tested. This study represents the first documented occurrence of F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. clavum, and F. solani as causal agents of FDR in Colorado. Furthermore, F. clavum is a novel species associated with potato dry rot, not previously reported in the United States. The integration of molecular and traditional techniques underscores the genetic and morphological diversity of Fusarium spp. in the SLV and highlights their pathogenic potential. These findings provide a foundation for future research to mitigate the economic impacts of FDR and ensure the viability of potato production in Colorado and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and pathogenicity of <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with Fusarium wilt of flue-cured tobacco.","authors":"Priyanka Gangwar, Liv Erickson, Stephen Barts, Charles S Johnson, T David Reed, Yuan Zeng","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2715-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2715-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, an outbreak of apparent Fusarium wilt raised concern, as the disease has historically been sporadic and infrequent. Previous studies reported that the primary causal agent of this disease in the U.S. is <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>nicotianae</i>, but the identity of other <i>Fusarium</i> spp. responsible for Fusarium wilt and root rot, and their pathogenicity have not been thoroughly investigated. To identify <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with the recent disease outbreak in flue-cured tobacco, 36 symptomatic plants with apparent one-sided wilting were sampled from 14 fields in Virginia and North Carolina. Forty-seven obtained isolates showed colony morphology typical of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fifteen isolates representing colony variations on PDA were further selected for microscopic examination and molecular identification using the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef1-α</i>) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of <i>tef1-α</i> nucleotide sequences identified nine <i>Fusarium</i> species representing five distinct species complexes: <i>Fusarium incarnatum</i>-<i>equiseti</i> (six isolates), <i>F. oxysporum</i> (three isolates), <i>F. solani</i> (three isolates), <i>F. fujikuroi</i> (two isolates), and <i>F. tricinctum</i> (one isolate). The pathogenicity of each isolate was assessed on flue-cured tobacco cultivar 'K326' seedlings at the six-leaf stage in greenhouse inoculation experiments, with or without wounding. All 15 <i>Fusarium</i> isolates were pathogenic, causing root rot, leaf necrosis, and reduced growth parameters compared to the control treatment. The diversity of <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with Fusarium wilt of tobacco and the variability in aggressiveness among <i>Fusarium</i> species within the same species complex or belonging to the different <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes provides a theoretical basis for future research on the epidemiology of Fusarium disease in tobacco and integrated disease management strategies to reduce disease development and severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Venturia oleaginea</i>, the Causal Agent of Peacock Eye Disease in Olive, Maintains Monocyclic and Polyetic Characteristics in a Mediterranean Climate.","authors":"David Ygzao, Ran Shulhani, Dani Shtienberg, David Ezra","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2653-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2653-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olive leaf spot, also called peacock eye disease, is caused by the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen <i>Venturia oleaginea</i>. Disease symptoms develop on the upper side of leaves; infected leaves eventually abscise; and in severe epidemics, the trees are completely defoliated. Despite the vast knowledge gained about the pathogen and the disease since it was first described in 1845, observations made in recent years in commercial olive groves in Israel remain unexplained. The long-term objective of this study was to establish guidelines for disease management strategies in commercial olive groves in Israel. To achieve this, we first needed to comprehend the development and progression of the disease in the region. We determined that in each growing season, infections could occur in both autumn and spring. Furthermore, there were two episodes of disease development: the first between the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, and the second between the spring and early summer. The data were utilized to propose a model for peacock eye development which implies that <i>V. oleaginea</i> maintains monocyclic and polyetic characteristics in the Mediterranean climatic conditions prevailing in Israel: the disease is monocyclic because it completes only one disease cycle within a certain growing season; polyetic because infections occurring in one growing season remain asymptomatic until the succeeding season.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory activities of SDHI fungicides against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> and biological role of <i>FoSDHC1</i>.","authors":"Shiyan Cai, Xianghua Chen, Shulin Cao, Xiaojie Fang, L Lin, Xin Zhang, Huaigu Chen, Wei Li, Qingchao Deng, Haiyan Sun","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0244-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0244-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is one of most devastating diseases in tomato crops. None of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides is registered for the control of FW of tomatoes in China. In this study, the inhibitory activities of 12 SDHI fungicides against Fol were determined in vitro and the results showed that pydiflumetofen and cyclobutrifluram exhibited excellent inhibitory activities, with inhibition rates of 75.63%~87.25% at a concentration of 1 µg mL-1. Bixafen, fluopyram, isopyrazam and benzovindiflupyr exhibited weak inhibitory activities, with inhibition rates of 45.68%~75.00% at a concentration of 20 µg mL-1. Penflufen, sedaxane, isofetamid, boscalid, thifluzamide and carboxin exhibited very poor inhibitory activities, with inhibition rates of 13.45%~61.73% at a concentration of 50 µg mL-1. Forty pydiflumetofen-resistant (PR) mutants of Fol were obtained and the point mutation of FoSDHC1 was associated with resistance of Fol to pydiflumetofen. Three FoSDHC1 deletion mutants were obtained and FoSDHC1 deletion mutants exhibited no significant differences in vegetative growth, conidiation production and virulence but exhibited increased sensitivities toward all SDHI fungicides tested except thifluzamide and boscalid compared to the wild-type strain. These results indicated that FoSDHC1 regulated the sensitivity of Fol to most SDHI fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and genome-wide association analysis of wheat FHB resistance genes.","authors":"Hui Ren, Xiangxue Zhang, Yibo Zhang, Jingyao Wang, Ziyang Zhang, Muzi Cheng, Jiangna Han, Shengjie Liu, Mengke Zeng, Xunying Yuan, Jianhui Wu, Shuo Huang, Zhensheng Kang, Gang Li, Chunlian Li, Qingdong Zeng, De Jun Han","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0298-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0298-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease in wheat, causing significant yield losses and deterioration of grain quality under severe conditions. In this study, a genome-wide association study was conducted with 448 accessions using genotyping data generated by the 660K SNP array. Nine relatively stable FHB resistance loci were identified on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2D, 5B, 7A and 7B, respectively. Each QTL accounted for 4.1-10.4% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, QFhb.nwafu-7BS, and QFhb.nwafu-7BL are novel loci. Polymorphisms of flanking AQP marker AX-94527414 was developed for QFhb.nwafu-7BL, which could be useful for marker assisted selection of FHB resistance. Correlation analysis indicated that variation in FHB response was independent of plant height, spike length, and uppermost internode length across the three environments. These results offer new resistance resources for FHB resistance breeding and insights for marker-assisted selection and gene cloning.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cytogenetic identification of wheat-<i>Aegilops geniculata</i> derivative line with resistance to powdery mildew encoded on chromosome 6U^g.","authors":"Yongfu Wang, Yibo Shao, Caizheng Wang, Yanan Wei, Yunhan Liu, Shuting Sun, Shirui He, Hong Zhang, Yajuan Wang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0395-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0395-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aegilops geniculata Roth is a valuable donor for improving common wheat (Triticum aestivum) because of their close relationship. In this study, W181009 was identified as a BC₁F₁₂ progeny resulting from the cross between \"Chinese Spring\" (CS) and Ae. geniculata SY159. Cytological examination, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and functional markers analysis confirmed that W181009 carried alien chromosomes 2M^g and 6U^g from Ae. geniculata SY159. Utilizing the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique, we successfully developed specific markers for W181009 with an effective rate of 54.23%. Subsequently, the deletion of chromosome 6B in W181009 was confirmed using deletion nullisomic-tetrasomic lines. Notably, W181009 showed immune resistance to powdery mildew at all growth stage. To further study the source of the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) resistance gene in W181009, a genetic population was created using W181009 and Shaanyou225 (SY225) for analysis. Both F₁ and BC₁F₂ plants carried chromosome 6U^g and they exhibited strong resistance against powdery mildew, indicating that the resistance in W181009 originated from chromosome 6U^g. Furthermore, the presence of only chromosome 6U^g can be easily identified by using two specific SLAF-seq markers. The study results provide the basis for further genetic research and breeding to improve powdery mildew resistance using W181009.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the response mechanism of weeping forsythia to stem rot caused by <i>Phomopsis velata</i> using transcriptomics.","authors":"Yanxia He, Xiaoxiao Wang, Xu Lu, Xiaoqian Zhang, Yanping Zheng, Zhiying He, Xianping Wang, Wangjun Yuan","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0385-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0385-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forsythia suspensa is an important ornamental horticultural plant, and its fruit is a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating inflammation and pyrexia. Phomopsis velata is a pathogen causing Stem Rot Disease in F. suspensa. In this study, we investigated the host-response mechanism of healthy forsythia plants inoculated with P. velata by evaluating physiological indexes, hormone content, and gene expression levels 5, 10, and 15 days post-inoculation. After inoculation with P. velata on forsythia branches, the symptoms of stem rot disease appeared. The activity of physiological indexes and hormone content were significantly changed. Compared with the control groups, 1,112 genes were significantly changed at transcriptional levels in treatment groups. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that differently expressed genes were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and the peroxidase pathway. The plant-pathogen interaction pathway exhibited the most enriched the differentially expressed genes, our study has identified CaMCML, FLS2, EIX1/2, BAK1 and other related protein receptors. This study elucidates the molecular defense mechanisms of Forsythia suspensa in response to Phomopsis velata infection, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective management of stem rot disease in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}