Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nucleic acid extraction methodology and PCR chemistry on the detection of '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma pruni' in sweet cherry.","authors":"Sarah Cowell, Scott Harper","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-26-0875-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-26-0875-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early and accurate detection of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni' is essential for the control of X-disease in Prunus species, but this is made difficult by pathogen biology and the ability to consistently recover nucleic acids, both of which increase the likelihood of false negatives. Here we examined the latter, using high- and low-titer infected sweet cherry (P. avium) samples to compare three tissue disruption methods, four nucleic acid extraction chemistries, and four PCR chemistries. Results showed that method selection had minimal impact on high-titer samples but significantly affected low-titer detection. Bead-beating disruption consistently outperformed rotary and manual grinding, yielding lower Cq values and more reliable amplification. Among extraction methods, CTAB-based protocols provided the highest nucleic acid recovery and detection sensitivity, particularly when paired with bead beating. Column- and magnetic bead-based kits performed less consistently, especially with low-titer samples, where false negatives were frequent. PCR chemistry also influenced results, although RT-qPCR did not significantly improve sensitivity over qPCR. Importantly, commonly used host internal controls failed to reliably indicate pathogen detection success, as high-abundance targets masked poor extraction efficiency. Cumulatively these data suggest the need for optimizing diagnostic protocols to ensure capture of low-concentration pathogens to avoid false negatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic dissection of seedling resistance to septoria nodorum blotch resistance in a nested association mapping panel derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat lines and bread wheat.","authors":"Anil Karmacharya, Dhondup Lhamo, Han-Chang Chang, Jason Fiedler, Timothy L Friesen, Justin D Faris, Shengming Yang, Yong Q Gu, Steven S Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Xiaofei Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0156-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0156-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, is a major foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that significantly reduces grain yield and quality. In this study, we evaluated a modified nested association mapping (NAM) population for SNB resistance. This population consisted of 276 BC1F8 progenies derived from crosses between four synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) and ten hard red spring wheat (HRSW) varieties/lines. We screened the population using two P. nodorum isolates (Sn4 and Sn2000) and three necrotrophic effectors (SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3). Genome-wide association studies using the 90K SNP markers identified 32 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) across nine chromosomes, including nine markers associated with isolate responses and 23 with effector sensitivity. While several markers co-localized with known genes such as Tsn1 (5BL), Snn2 (2DS), Snn3 (5BS), and Snn7 (2DL), we also identified novel loci that expand our understanding of SNB resistance. Of the nine isolate-associated MTAs, the resistance alleles were contributed by different parents: four came from SHW, one from HRSW, and four from both parental types. Nine progeny lines exhibited resistance to both isolates and insensitivity to all tested effectors, indicating broad-spectrum and effective resistance. The SHW lines SW91 and SW93, as well as HRSW cultivars 'Bolles' and 'Linkert', and their progenies consistently showed increased resistance compared to other backgrounds. These lines, carrying novel SNB resistance loci derived from cultivated emmer and Aegilops tauschii, provide valuable germplasm for improving SNB resistance in wheat breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the antifungal activity of <i>Simplicillium lanosoniveum</i> filtrate against wheat crown rot pathogen <i>Fusarium pseudograminearum</i>.","authors":"Zhenjie Hu, Yihao Cai, Rongrong Zhai, Youfei Zhao, Yawei Fan, Bo Min, Chenhao Sun, Xingli Zhao","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-04-26-0829-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-26-0829-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), the predominant phytopathogen responsible for wheat crown rot, severely impairs wheat growth and yield, posing a persistent threat to global wheat production. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of the fermentation filtrate from the endophytic fungus Simplicillium lanosoniveum FSL-376 against Fp. In vitro, the filtrate exhibited potent antifungal activity, significantly inhibiting mycelial growth, and causing severe morphological abnormalities in both hyphae and spores at low concentrations. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the antifungal action was achieved by disrupting fungal cell membrane integrity [evidenced by increased electrolyte conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation], triggering intense oxidative stress via suppressing the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and disrupting energy metabolism through the inhibition of hexokinase (HK) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed multi-target inhibition, characterized by the downregulation of genes involved in transmembrane transport, antioxidant defense, and oxidative phosphorylation. In pot experiments, seed treatment with the FSL-376 filtrate significantly alleviated Fp-induced growth inhibition, restored antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings, and improved root morphology. Notably, the FSL-376 filtrate exhibited no phytotoxicity to wheat seedlings and showed no growth-promoting effect under pathogen-free conditions, indicating its biosafety and pathogen-specific biocontrol efficacy. This study demonstrates that S. lanosoniveum FSL-376 serves as a promising and reliable biocontrol resource for wheat crown rot management, which functions via dual mechanisms of direct antifungal inhibition and enhancement of host plant stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of SdhB mutations in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> isolates from strawberry using a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assay.","authors":"Adrian Israel Zuniga, Nan-Yi Wang, Carolina Suguinoshita Rebello, Mayara Bolognesi, Bruna Balen Forcelini, Natalia A Peres","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-26-0492-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-26-0492-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, the causal agent of Botrytis fruit rot (BFR), is one of the most destructive pathogens of strawberry. In Florida, BFR management relies heavily on succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides; however, resistance associated with mutations in the SdhB subunit has increasingly been reported. This study developed and validated a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay for rapid detection of SdhB mutations directly from <i>B. cinerea</i> spores, and evaluated resistance frequencies to fluopyram, isofetamid, and pydiflumetofen across Florida strawberry fields. Two HRM primer sets successfully differentiated SdhB mutations H272R or Y, N230I, and P225F based on distinct melting profiles. The assay detected mutations from spore concentrations as low as 10⁵ spores/ml, without requiring DNA extraction or post-PCR processing. Sanger sequencing subsequently confirmed complete agreement with HRM genotyping results. Among 133 field isolates collected from 2017 to 2022, N230I and P225F were the most frequent mutations, correlating with moderate to high resistance to fluopyram and isofetamid. Resistance monitoring of 1,496 isolates over eight strawberry seasons revealed increasing resistance to fluopyram (44.9-99%) and isofetamid (≤57%), whereas pydiflumetofen resistance remained below 15%. Sequencing of SdhC and SdhD subunits revealed minimal variability and no new target-site mutations. Detached fruit assays confirmed reduced efficacy of isofetamid against isolates harboring N230I. The HRM assay developed here provides a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective tool for detecting and monitoring SDHI resistance in <i>B. cinerea</i> populations in strawberry production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Phytophthora</i> species on seed germination and seedling survival and performance in five sweet chestnut varieties.","authors":"Ana Díaz Zúñiga, Amira Tiefenbacher, Iva Franić, Susann Dittkrist, Quirin Kupper, Beat Ruffner, Sven Ulrich, Simone Prospero","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0083-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0083-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oomycete genus <i>Phytophthora</i> includes numerous pathogens, some causing severe tree diseases. In forestry, their impact is usually assessed on adult trees, while their effects on seed germination and seedling development-crucial phases in forest regeneration-remain poorly investigated. Here, we tested the effects of the two main causal agents of ink disease in sweet chestnut, <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and <i>P. x cambivora</i>, along with three other <i>Phytophthora</i> species commonly found in European sweet chestnut forests (<i>P. plurivora</i>, <i>P. cactorum</i>, <i>P. cryptogea</i>), on seed germination and seedling development of five Swiss sweet chestnut varieties, which we genetically characterized using microsatellite markers. A total of 180 seeds of each variety were sown in soil substrates artificially infected with different <i>Phytophthora</i> species and incubated for 11 weeks in a climate chamber. Seed germination, seedling survival and seedling performance (height, root length, above and below ground dry biomass) were then assessed. While <i>P. cinnamomi</i> had a significant negative effect on seed germination in all sweet chestnut varieties, no effect was observed for <i>P. cactorum</i>. The remaining <i>Phytophthora</i> species exhibited variety-dependent effects. After successful germination, chestnut seeds of all varieties showed a high probability of surviving and developing into seedlings, except when exposed to <i>P. x cambivora</i> and especially <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, which killed all seedlings. <i>Phytophthora cryptogea</i> and <i>P. plurivora</i> significantly impacted seedling performance in specific varieties. Our study shows that soilborne <i>Phytophthora</i> species can strongly reduce seed germination and, in the case of <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and <i>P. x cambivora</i>, seedling survival in sweet chestnut. In infested stands, this may hinder the recruitment of future tree generations and threaten the long-term persistence of sweet chestnut populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Bacterial Leaf Spot (<i>Xanthomonas</i> spp.) Host Resistance in Pepper (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.).","authors":"Mohit Jain, Deepa Jaganathan, Bhabesh Dutta, Anuj Sharma, Jeffrey B Jones, Bala Rathinasabapathi, Amol Nankar","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-26-0927-FE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-26-0927-FE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) is one of the most destructive diseases of pepper (Capsicum spp.) worldwide, causing significant yield and quality losses under warm and humid conditions. The disease is caused by multiple Xanthomonas species, whose rapid evolution continues to challenge effective management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on BLS in pepper, including pathogen taxonomy, global distribution, and the historical progression of disease research and resistance breeding. We summarize advances in the identification and deployment of resistance loci, including major race-specific genes, as well as recessive resistance genes and quantitative resistance sources, and highlight the development of molecular markers supporting resistance breeding programs. We further integrate findings from transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microRNA (miRNA) studies to elucidate the multilayered defense responses of pepper to Xanthomonas infection. Collectively, these multi-omics approaches indicate that effective resistance is governed by coordinated regulation of defense signaling pathways (e.g., salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene), activation of resistance genes (including Bs2, Bs3, and related loci such as bs5 and bs6) and defense-associated transcription factors (e.g., WRKY), differential accumulation of defense-related proteins involved in stress responses, and metabolic reprogramming involving secondary metabolites. Finally, we outline key knowledge gaps and future priorities for developing durable and broad-spectrum resistance to BLS in pepper.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for a new standard area diagram to quantify the severity of orange rust in sugarcane.","authors":"Maria Roselane Alves Oliveira, Humberson Rocha Silva, Willams José Oliveira, Djalma Euzébio Simões Neto, Adriano Francis Dorigan, Felipe Dalla Lana, André Angelo Medeiros Gomes","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-08-26-1550-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-26-1550-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), a fungal disease of major concern in the sugarcane industry, can reduce the productivity of susceptible sugarcane varieties by up to 50% in many sugarcane-producing countries. The use of a standard area diagram (SAD) enhances the assessment of rust severity, improving the accuracy and consistency of disease quantification by evaluators. The present study aimed to develop and validate a new SAD for assessing the severity of orange rust in sugarcane. The SAD was constructed from symptomatic leaves collected in the field, with severity levels of 0, 1.5, 3.8, 7.3, 12.9, 20.7, 31.5, 44.4, and 63.2%. Validation was conducted with 30 evaluators with no prior experience, divided into two groups of 15. Disease severity was estimated from 100 leaf images, initially without the use of a SAD and subsequently with the aid of a SAD. One group used the proposed SAD, while the other used an old SAD for orange rust assessment. The proposed SAD reduced inter-evaluator variability, showed lower systematic bias, and had narrower limits of agreement, although Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC, ρc) remained low, suggesting that factors beyond the SAD itself - such as the intrinsic complexity of orange rust symptoms and evaluator-related factors - may influence visual assessment accuracy. Analysis of bias parameters showed significant reductions in location (u) and scale (v) biases, indicating higher reproducibility and accuracy of the proposed SAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> JB23 suppresses pokkah boeng and other fungal diseases of sugarcane.","authors":"Kaiyuan Pan, Xiaoni Yan, Shuang Wang, Hongtao Jiang, Charles Arthur Powell, Yixue Bao, Ronghui Wen, Muqing Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-26-1024-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-26-1024-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pokkah boeng and other fungal diseases reduce sugarcane yield and stalk quality in many production regions. In this study, 190 bacterial isolates were obtained from sugarcane tissues and rhizosphere soil and screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium sacchari. Strain JB23 showed strong inhibition against multiple sugarcane fungal pathogens and was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on colony morphology and multilocus sequence analysis. JB23 suppressed mycelial growth of Fusarium commune, Colletotrichum falcatum, Sporisorium scitamineum, and several additional fungal pathogens. Hyphae exposed to JB23 showed swelling, distortion, irregular branching, and collapse. Under greenhouse conditions, pretreatment with JB23 reduced pokkah boeng disease incidence from 80.33% to 19.45% and reduced disease index from 31.25 to 6.24. Similar reductions were observed under field conditions. JB23 treatment also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde accumulation, and altered phenylpropanoid- and PR-related defense responses, as indicated by PAL activity, ScPR1 expression, and lignin accumulation, while also increasing emergence rate, biomass accumulation, and SPAD values. Collectively, the results demonstrate that B. velezensis JB23 suppresses multiple fungal pathogens associated with sugarcane and reduces pokkah boeng severity under greenhouse and field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-target RPA-LFD/RF-RPA combined detection system: A rapid method for detecting the pathogens causing cowpea wilt disease.","authors":"Wanzhen Feng, Danlu Hong, Guo Liang Liao, Lina Yang, Chengdong Yang, Qinghe Chen","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-26-0580-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-26-0580-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cowpea wilt disease, caused by the combined infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora vignae, poses a persistent threat to crop yields and food security, driving the need for a dual-target detection method for early warning and informed crop management. This study developed a new method that can simultaneously detect two target pathogens, using multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), followed by detection via lateral flow dipsticks (LFD) and real-time fluorescence (RF). The optimized system detects pathogens at 10 pg/mL within 20 minutes, with results visible via test strips or ultraviolet (UV) light. The system demonstrated a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over conventional PCR and reduced the detection time by 40 minutes. Field sample testing confirmed 100% specificity. This dual-target detection method presents a robust field-deployable solution, enabling rapid, sensitive, and equipment-free on-site diagnosis of cowpea wilt disease, which is critical for early prevention and boasts significant potential for practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and divergence of global and French populations of <i>Septoria steviae</i>, the causative agent of Septoria leaf spot in <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>.","authors":"Charles Bastide, Patrick Cosson, Jonathan Gaudin, Carlos Jorge Budeguer, Zoe Le Bihan, Corinne Romiti-Michel, Cecile Hastoy, Dominique Rolin, Luis Ernesto Erazzu, Valerie Schurdi-Levraud","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0279-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0279-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the genetic diversity of worldwide Septoria steviae, the causal agent of Septoria leaf spot on Stevia rebaudiana, focusing on French and Argentine populations. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) of five loci (ITS, LSU, CAL, EF1 and ACT) was used to compare the diversity of 14 French and 14 Argentinean new isolates with previously published data from other regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU loci from 61 isolates from 6 countries confirmed that Paraguayan isolates form a genetically distinct group compared to other populations, highlighting the importance of geographic isolation. A more detailed analysis using five loci in 59 isolates from five countries (France, Argentina, the USA, Paraguay, and Japan) showed significant genetic differentiation between Japanese isolates and those from other countries, with French and Argentine isolates being closely related, suggesting common ancestry or gene flow. Local genetic variation among French isolates was also examined, showing minimal differentiation between nearby sites, but with slight evolutionary divergence observed over time. This suggests a slow rate of genetic evolution in French populations, likely due to shared environmental factors and agricultural practices. The results highlight the role of geographic factors in shaping the genetic structure of Septoria steviae populations, and the importance of continued monitoring of genetic diversity to inform management strategies and breeding programs for disease resistance in Stevia rebaudiana.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}