Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"Faba bean gall (<i>Physoderma viciae</i>) disease management through varieties and fungicides in the highlands of south Wollo, northeastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Seid Hussen, Merkuz Abera, Berhanu Bekele, Tesfaye Alemu","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2294-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2294-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Ethiopia, faba bean production and productivity are important although they are lower than their potential. Faba bean gall disease caused serious challenges to faba bean production in recent years. This study assessed the efficacy of combining fungicides with various faba bean varieties to control faba bean gall disease in the Tenta and Legambo districts of northeastern Ethiopia during the growing seasons of 2022 and 2023. The experiment included four faba bean varieties (Gora, Dosha, Wolkie, and Local) treated with four fungicides (Mancozeb 80% WP, Matco, Noble 25 WP, and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG), along with untreated control plots. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with three replications in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that combining different faba bean varieties with fungicides significantly reduced faba bean gall disease and improved yields and yield components across both locations and growing seasons. The combination of the Dosha variety treated with the Noble 25WP chemical fungicide resulted in the lowest disease intensity and the highest yield (3.79 t ha-1). Integrating varieties of Dosha treated with Noble 25WP chemical fungicide across locations and cropping seasons should be applied as a cost-effective and environmentally safe management option.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study of Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat accessions from Plant Gene Resources of Canada using 90K and 40K SNP arrays.","authors":"Luis J Ponce-Molina, Junsheng Zhou, Mackenzie Hladun, Maria Alejandra Oviedo Ludena, Madison Kist, Wentao Zhang, Helen Booker, Mitra Serajazari, Curt McCartney, Anita Brûlé-Babel, Axel Diederichsen, Curtis Jerry Pozniak, Lipu Wang, Hadley R Kutcher","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0577-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0577-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, is a major threat to global wheat production, reducing yield and quality and contaminating grain with harmful mycotoxins. This study utilized a genome-wide association study to investigate FHB resistance in a diverse collection of 300 hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) pure lines selected for their FHB resistance from 4,000 Triticum accessions obtained from Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC). Phenotypic data were collected across multiple site-years (2019-2024) and the accessions were genotyped by high-density SNP arrays (40K and 90K). One hundred eighty-two quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) associated with FHB resistance traits were identified across all chromosomes except 6D. Among these, 30 QTN consistently detected across multiple site-years were clustered into 13 QTL, with six prioritized for breeding applications due to their significant contributions to resistance. Novel loci such as QFhb.usask-3B.1was identified, harboring potential candidate genes encoding transcription factors and resistance proteins involved in biotic stress responses. Eight most resistant PGRC lines were identified based on Best Linear Unbiased Predictors analysis, representing diverse regions and carrying these identified QTL. This study advances the understanding of FHB resistance mechanisms and provides genomic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing improved wheat cultivars with enhanced resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity, genetic diversity and population differentiation of <i>Pyrenophora graminea</i> on highland barley in Qinghai Province.","authors":"Guomei Bai, Ke Jiang, Erjing Si, Lu Hou, Xianzhen Zhou","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2564-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2564-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf stripe, caused by Pyrenophora graminea, is an important disease on highland barley in Qinghai province, China. The pathogenicity and genetic diversity of P. graminea from six regions of Qinghai province were examined. A total of 329 strains were collected, of which 230 were identified as P. graminea based on morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequencing. The colony growth rate of P. graminea was evaluated on PDA plates and the most strains ranged from 25 to 30 mm/d, The pathogenicity of P. graminea was tested on two highland barley cultivars. Disease incidence on cultivar Caiqing 1 ranged from 0 to 44.4%, while that on Kunlun 14 ranged from 0 to 62.2%. Genetic diversity among the 230 strains was analyzed using 49 SSR markers. Genetic diversity in Xining (0.297 and 0.445) and Haibei (0.297 and 0.445) was higher than in other regions based on Nei's and Shannon indices, respectively. Population differentiation of P. graminea was observed among the six sampling regions. Strains were sorted into three molecular groups according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), hierarchical cluster analysis, and Bayesian structure analysis. The majority strains in Group 1 originated from Xingning and Haidong; Group 2 from Hainan and Huangnan, and Group 3 from Haibei and Haixi. These results provide valuable information for understanding the genetic diversity and population differentiation of P. graminea in Qinghai province and for developing management strategies for leaf stripe on highland barley.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence Evolution, Population Dynamics, and Yield Impacts Under Long-Term Monoculture and Rotation of Resistant Cultivars.","authors":"Senyu Chen, Bruce Potter","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1327-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1327-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major pathogen of soybean, causing significant yield losses worldwide. This study investigated the long-term effects of three SCN-resistant soybean cultivars, R1, R2, and R3, derived from resistance sources PI 88788, Peking (PI 548402), and PI 437654, respectively, along with susceptible cultivar (S) on SCN population density, virulence and soybean yield over 14 growing seasons in a field initially infested with SCN HG Type 2.5.7. Results showed that all resistant cultivars reduced SCN population densities compared to S, with R3 maintaining the lowest SCN populations throughout the study. Continuous monoculture of R1 increased SCN virulence, measured as Female Index (FI), on PI 88788 from 23.4 to 53, while Peking-derived cultivar (R2) exerted the strongest selection pressure, increasing FI on Peking from 2.35 to 65.8 over 12 years. Interestingly, R3 did not select for virulence to its own resistance source but increased virulence to both PI 88788 and Peking. The susceptible soybean had a negative effect on virulence to Peking, indicating a fitness cost to the Peking resistance. Planting S reduced SCN reproduction factor (Rf) over time, suggesting potential soil suppressiveness or environmental effects. Soybean yield varied significantly among cultivars, with R1 consistently yielding the highest, while the S suffered the greatest yield loss due to SCN. However, relative yield R3 was highest, R1 and R2 intermediate and S lowest. This study reinforces the importance of rotating resistance sources to manage SCN virulence and population density, with PI 88788 and Peking showing distinct resistance mechanisms suitable for rotation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of RSV, RBSDV, and SRBSDV in plants and insect vectors by the RT-RPA-LF assay.","authors":"Wenxuan Yang, Qinhai Liu, Chenyang Li, Ming Zhu, Jiban Kumar Kundu, Xiaorong Tao, Tong Zhou","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0329-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0329-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid and accurate detection of viral pathogens in plants and insect vectors is critical for effective disease management. Here, we developed a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strip (RT-RPA-LF) assay for on-site detection of rice stripe virus (RSV), rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV). Virus-specific primers targeting conserved genomic regions of these three viruses were designed, and the specificity of these primes was tested, showing no cross-reactivity or false positives. Sensitivity tests revealed detection limits at 109- and 108-fold dilutions for SRBSDV and RSV/RBSDV in infected rice plants, respectively. For the insect vector samples, the RT-RPA-LF assay could identify a single viruliferous planthopper among a population of 1000 individuals. Then, the RT-RPA-LF assay was shown capable of field detection by integrating with a paper-based RNA rapid extraction method, and its accuracy was also proved to be comparable to that of conventional RT-PCR. In conclusion, the RT-RPA-LF method in this study enables rapid, simple, specific and visualizable on-site detection of rice viruses in both plant tissues and insect vectors, facilitating early diagnosis and timely implementation of disease management measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Temperature, Moisture, and Wetness Duration on the Production of Conidia and Ascospores of <i>Glomerella cingulata</i> on Diseased Apple Leaves.","authors":"He Wang, Ping Bi, Xing-Yi Li, Baohua Li, Na Liu, Weichao Ren, Sen Lian, Caixia Wang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1766-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1766-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by <i>Glomerella cingulata</i> (<i>Colletotrichum</i> spp.) is a devastating disease of apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh.) in China. We evaluated the effects of temperature, moisture, and wetness duration on the production of conidia and ascospores on diseased leaves. The temperature required for producing conidia and ascospores by <i>G</i>. <i>cingulata</i> on diseased leaves ranged from 20 to 30°C, with an optimum of approximately 28°C. The pathogen on diseased leaves produced conidia and ascospores only when the leaves were wet or at a relative humidity of 100%. Conidia could not form until the diseased leaves maintained wetness for at least 24 h, and a modified Weibull model could describe the relationships between the number of conidia formed per square centimeter of diseased leaves and temperature and wetness duration. The production of ascospores on the leaves infected by GLS required 20, 14, and 16 days of leaf wetness at 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. The sporulation ability of <i>G</i>. <i>cingulata</i> on GLS leaves could last more than 8 weeks. The half-life of sporulation or survival of the pathogen was 2.3 weeks when the diseased leaves were hung outdoors under natural conditions. Collectively, the sporulation of <i>G</i>. <i>cingulata</i> was a vital process affecting the occurrence and epidemic of GLS, and these results will provide valuable guidance for developing a model to predict the disease epidemics and establish effective control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS08241766RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, Virulence, and Fungicide Sensitivity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> Species Associated with Apple Bitter Rot in Nova Scotia.","authors":"Michael S McLaughlin, Pervaiz Abbasi, Shawkat Ali","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-25-0942-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-25-0942-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, 21 distinct Colletotrichum species have been identified as causal agents of bitter rot on apple fruit. However, while bitter rot occurs in nearly all apple growing regions, the Colletotrichum species responsible for this disease are not globally prevalent and have distinct regional distributions. Since Colletotrichum species can differ in pathogenicity, virulence, and fungicide sensitivities, characterizing the species present in a growing region is essential for effective disease management. In this study, we obtained 130 Colletotrichum isolates from symptomatic fruit collected in five apple orchards in Nova Scotia and one in New Brunswick. Using morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of TUB2, ITS, GAPDH, ACT and CHS-1, we identified three Colletotrichum species: C. fioriniae (97.6% of isolates), C. salicis (1.5%), and C. nymphaeae (0.8%). We observed that C. salicis was the most aggressive species on detached 'Honeycrisp' apple fruit. The in vitro fungicide sensitivity assays revealed that C. nymphaeae was significantly less sensitive to thiabendazole and difenoconazole than the other two species. For C. fioriniae, pyraclostrobin was the most effective fungicide in vitro, followed by difenoconazole, fludioxonil and thiabendazole. Taken together, these findings provide critical insights for managing bitter rot in Nova Scotia and underscore the need for ongoing monitoring of Colletotrichum species prevalence to inform control strategies effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplexed Real-Time and Digital PCR Tools to Differentiate Clades of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> Causing Downy Mildew in Grapes.","authors":"Lexi Heger, Nancy Sharma, Austin G McCoy, Frank N Martin, Laura A Miles, Martin I Chilvers, Rachel P Naegele, Timothy D Miles","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0173-SR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0173-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vineyards, downy mildew of grapes, caused by the oomycete pathogen <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>, can cause significant economic losses when left unmanaged. <i>P</i>. <i>viticola</i> is a species complex, made up of at least four clades, or cryptic species, causing disease on at least eight plant species within the family Vitaceae. In the United States, clades <i>aestivalis</i>, <i>riparia</i>, and <i>vinifera</i> have been found in the Great Lakes region on cultivated grapes. Within this study, a multiplexed TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay system capable of differentiating among these three taxa was developed using a mitochondrial gene order difference unique to <i>Plasmopara</i> species (<i>cox1-atp1</i>). The assay is needed to clearly differentiate among the closely related species as research investigates relationships between the clades and their varying hosts as well as fungicide resistance development. The multiplexed assay was validated using a panel of target and nontarget samples of varying types, including leaves, Tough-Spots stickers, and air sampling rods. The assay was also transferred to and optimized on a digital PCR (dPCR) platform. Air sampling rods and artificially inoculated mixed samples were tested using both qPCR and the dPCR assays to gauge the utility of each. The multiplexed assays for each clade showed varying sensitivity of 10 to 1,000 fg of DNA and efficiency of 70 to 85% in qPCR. The dPCR sensitivity was the same, except for clade <i>riparia</i>, which showed a potential tenfold increase in sensitivity. These results suggest that the dPCR can serve as a more sensitive option than qPCR when trying to diagnose plant pathogens, but it is dependent on the assay. This assay system provides detection of the pathogen and classification of <i>P</i>. <i>viticola</i> clades, allowing discrimination in areas growing multiple cultivated or wild grape species. This will continue to be relevant as wild hosts can potentially harbor different <i>P</i>. <i>viticola</i> clades and downy mildew is intensely managed in commercial vineyards.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS01250173SR"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Detection of Frogeye Leaf Spot Pathogen in Seeds by LAMP Assays to Protect Soybean Production.","authors":"Xiaoshan Tan, Mingyang Liu, Jili Deng, Shengjie Gong, Yu Gao, Dayong Li, Junjie Zhang, Changchun Ruan, Wenxian Sun, Ying Hu, Zhao Peng","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-10-24-2156-SR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-10-24-2156-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by <i>Cercospora sojina</i>, is a significant disease affecting soybean crops economically. Seed inspection plays a vital role in reducing the incidence of this disease. However, limited research has been conducted on the fast and accurate identification of <i>C. sojina</i> in soybean seeds. In this study, we developed a rapid diagnostic method to detect <i>C. sojina</i> in soybean seeds using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. A software application called K-mer Elimination by Cross-reference was utilized to identify specific sequences belonging to <i>C. sojina</i>. The LAMP primer set designed based on the selected specific sequence proved to be highly specific, distinguishing <i>C. sojina</i> from other common soybean pathogens and two maize pathogens of the <i>Cercospora</i> genus. The primer set exhibited remarkable sensitivity, detecting 16 copies per reaction, which is approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The LAMP assays were applied for direct inspection of soybean seeds, revealing that 20 of the 30 tested soybean varieties were contaminated with <i>C. sojina</i>, with contamination rates ranging from 10 to 60%. The seeds of TongNong 943 and JiNong 38 had the highest contamination rate at 60%. Seeds coated with fungicide showed a reduced disease incidence, as demonstrated on PDA medium and in soil pots. In summary, our results indicate that rapid seed diagnosis using LAMP assays can effectively screen out seeds carrying <i>C. sojina</i>, providing a preventive strategy in managing FLS disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS10242156SR"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Among <i>Cadophora luteo-olivacea</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>, and <i>Pseudophaeomoniella</i> <i>oleicola</i> in Olive Multi-Infections and Cultivar Susceptibility.","authors":"Eugenio Llorens, Ana López-Moral, Begoña I Antón-Domínguez, José Pablo Jiménez-Urbano, Antonio Trapero, Carlos Agustí-Brisach","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2466-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2466-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cadophora luteo-olivacea</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>, and <i>Pseudophaeomoniella oleicola</i> have been associated with branch dieback, shoot blight, and vascular wilt in super-high-density olive plantations in Spain. In this study, the effects of the interaction between these three fungal species on the disease progression were evaluated through multi-infections inoculated by spore suspensions or mycelial plugs in olive plants of cultivar Arbequina. The susceptibility of six olive cultivars was also evaluated against these three pathogens by single inoculations with conidial suspensions. The detection and inoculum quantification of each fungal species from coinfected plant tissues or from inoculated plants of different cultivars was conducted by qPCR, using species-specific primers. In addition, a species-specific primer to identify <i>Ps</i>. <i>oleicola</i> was developed in this study. In the multi-infections experiment with conidial suspensions, lesions on olive infected simultaneously with all three species were larger than those on plants coinfected by two species, which were, in turn, larger than those inoculated by a single species. However, when inoculations were conducted with mycelial plugs, <i>C</i>. <i>luteo-olivacea</i> caused larger lesions than those in coinfected plants. The quantification of these fungi through qPCR suggests that their interaction during coinfections significantly alters their relative abundance, potentially impacting their aggressiveness. Regarding the cultivar resistance experiment, the most susceptible cultivar to the disease was 'Koroneiki', followed by 'Arbequina' and 'Picual'. In all the samples, the detection of <i>C</i>. <i>luteo-olivacea</i> was an order of magnitude lower than that of the other fungal species. Nevertheless, the relative quantification of fungi by qPCR, despite being useful to detect the presence of the pathogen, does not correlate with the lesions observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS11242466RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}