Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"Chemical Management Strategies for Halo Blight of Hop and In Vitro Sensitivity of <i>Diaporthe humulicola</i> Populations to Various Fungicide Classes.","authors":"Ross J Hatlen, Mary K Hausbeck, Madeline J Anthony, Roger Sysak, Randy Smith, Timothy D Miles","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1611-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1611-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halo blight of hop, caused by <i>Diaporthe humulicola</i>, has increased in eastern North America since 2018. When left untreated, the disease can cause yield loss ranging from 17 to 56%. Currently, there are no fungicides registered for use on halo blight of hop. From 2020 to 2022, field trials were conducted using 10 fungicides registered for use on powdery and downy mildew of hop to determine their efficacy against halo blight. To validate field results, the effective concentration of fungicide required for 50% growth inhibition (EC₅₀) value was determined for each active ingredient including flutriafol, tebuconazole + fluopyram, cyflufenamid, and trifloxystrobin + salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). Each fungicide tested had an EC₅₀ value less than 50 ppm. A discriminatory dose was used to test the sensitivity of 206 <i>D. humulicola</i> isolates collected from the eastern United States and Canada in a poison agar assay. Results showed that tebuconazole + fluopyram decreased the incidence and severity of halo blight in the field. Also, this fungicide combination had EC₅₀ values of 2.26 × 10^-1 ppm and significantly reduced the growth of most of the isolates tested. Trifloxystrobin + SHAM decreased the presence of halo blight in the field trial, but some isolates were less sensitive in discriminatory dose testing. Our results show that fungicides in FRAC groups 3, 7, and 11 were the most effective to control halo blight. Analyses of field trials showed a positive correlation between the severity of early-season downy mildew infections and late-season halo blight infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS08241611RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of the New Root-Lesion Nematode <i>Pratylenchus dakotaensis</i> on Soybean.","authors":"Roshan Dhakal, Intiaz Amin Chowdhury, Addison Plaisance, Guiping Yan","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-24-1133-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-05-24-1133-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root-lesion nematodes, <i>Pratylenchus</i> spp., are reported to cause serious yield losses in various crops, including soybean. A new root-lesion nematode species was detected in 2015 in a soybean field in North Dakota (ND) and named <i>Pratylenchus dakotaensis</i> in 2021. Nematode detection and differentiation from other species are critical in management strategies. Thus, a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay was developed for rapid detection of this nematode from field soils under isothermal conditions. New primers and probes were designed from internal transcribed spacer-ribosomal DNA region of the nematode genome and tested for both specificity and sensitivity. The RPA assay was able to detect DNA from a single adult nematode at 39.5°C in 20 min using both TwistAmp Basic and Exo Kits. The specificity of the primers was initially confirmed through in silico analyses and followed by laboratory tests. The assay successfully amplified DNA from the target species, although no amplification occurred for other <i>Pratylenchus</i> spp. and non-<i>Pratylenchus</i> control species. Sensitivity testing with real-time RPA revealed its ability to detect DNA in dilutions equivalent to 1/32 of a single nematode from DNA extracted from inoculated sterile soil. To further validate the assay, it was tested with 19 field soil samples collected in ND. This assay amplified soil DNA extracts of all <i>P. dakotaensis</i>-infested field samples confirmed through conventional PCR. It did not amplify DNA from 13 other field soils infested with other <i>Pratylenchus</i> spp. This is the first report of RPA development for detecting a root-lesion nematode species. The RPA assay developed can help in the rapid detection of this nematode species for effective nematode management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS05241133RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. from <i>Capsicum</i> Peppers in South Korea.","authors":"Yeong Ung Shin, Oliul Hassan, Taehyun Chang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-07-24-1486-SR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-07-24-1486-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Capsicum</i> peppers, peppers from plants of the genus <i>Capsicum</i> (family Solanaceae), are widely cultivated in South Korea, where annual production was 92,756 tons in 2021, 54.4% higher than that of the previous year. Occurring throughout the production cycle, anthracnose is a major disease limiting commercial <i>Capsicum</i> pepper production worldwide, including in South Korea. This study investigates the diversity and pathogenicity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species responsible for <i>Capsicum</i> pepper anthracnose in Gyeongbuk, South Korea, focusing on disease incidence and symptomatology in the field and the identification, morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of the causative species. Disease incidence ranged from 30 to 50%, with samples categorized into three distinct symptom types, aiding accurate field diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis classified 41 isolates into six species in the <i>C. acutatum</i>, <i>gloeosporioides</i>, and <i>truncatum</i> species complexes, revealing significant genetic diversity. Morphological characterization supported these identifications, providing a comprehensive profile. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all identified species induced typical anthracnose lesions, with lesion size variations suggesting differential aggressiveness. Temperature significantly influenced mycelial growth, with optimal growth between 20 and 26°C and <i>C</i>. <i>truncatum</i> demonstrating high temperature tolerance. In vitro fungicide sensitivity tests showed variable responses, with tebuconazole being generally effective. These findings underscore the need for species-specific fungicide recommendations and highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species. Future research should explore the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity, host specificity, and fungicide resistance, integrating these findings with breeding programs to develop resistant pepper varieties. This study provides critical insights for effective anthracnose management in pepper cultivation and future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS07241486SR"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four antimicrobial compounds and ISR induction are involved in biocontrol of crown gall disease by the plant beneficial rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42.","authors":"Xu Qin, Yueting Xiao, Qin Xiong, Wei-Liang Kong, Rainer Borriss, Zhaoliang Gao, Ben Fan","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-10-24-2085-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-24-2085-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crown gall disease (CGD), which is caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium, is a common plant disease that often results in significant economic losses. Biocontrol offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable method to control CGD. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol effect and mechanism of CGD in Japanese cherry trees by B. velezensis FZB42, a prototype strain of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). We found that the B. velezensis FZB42 mutants unable to produce one or a combination of four antimicrobial compounds (surfactin, macrolactin, bacilysin, and difficidin) significantly reduced their inhibitory activities against A. tumefaciens XYT-58 and their ability of controlling the occurrence of CGD. Using the purified compounds, we further demonstrated that bacilysin and surfactin can inhibit the growth of XYT-58 in vitro. Inoculation with B. velezensis FZB42 significantly increased the expression of genes related to the jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) pathways in cherry seedlings when they were infected with XYT-58. To our knowledge, this is the first report that bacilysin and difficidin can also suppress the growth of Agrobacterium. Furthermore, our results indicate that multiple antimicrobial compounds and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are involved in the biocontrol of CGD by B. velezensis. The mechanism elucidated here provides guidance for the development and application of this type of PGPR strain in the biocontrol of CGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yellow dwarf viruses: aphid transmission efficiency and cereal host range.","authors":"Narelle Nancarrow, Brendan Rodoni, Shu Kee Lam, Piotr Trębicki","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2523-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2523-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) are transmitted by aphids and can significantly reduce grain yield in cereals worldwide. While barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV PAV) has long been present in Australia, the YDV species barley virus G (BVG) and barley yellow dwarf virus PAS (BYDV PAS) were reported for the first time more recently. Little data about the transmission and host range of BVG has been published worldwide, while epidemiological information about BVG and BYDV PAS in an Australian context is limited. Therefore, glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine the efficiency of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), corn leaf aphid (<i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i>), rose grain aphid (<i>Metopolophium dirhodum</i>) and Russian wheat aphid (<i>Diuraphis noxia</i>) to transmit BVG, BYDV PAS and BYDV PAV. BYDV PAS and BYDV PAV were transmitted at similar rates by each of the four aphid species. Although BVG was most efficiently transmitted by the corn leaf aphid, it was also transmitted, albeit less efficiently, by the bird cherry-oat aphid. Significantly, in our study, the corn leaf aphid transmitted BVG at a much higher rate (63%) using single-aphid inoculations than had previously been reported by others (7%). Varying levels of susceptibility were observed in host range experiments, and four additional BVG hosts were identified. Russian wheat aphid did not transmit any of the viruses examined. These results have implications for YDV management while also demonstrating the complexity and specificity of the relationships between YDVs, the aphids that transmit them and the plant hosts that they infect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, Characterization, Pathogenicity and Host range of <i>Slafractonia indigofera</i> sp. nov. (Dothidotthiaceae) causing Leaf spot disease of <i>Indigofera pseudotinctoria</i> in China.","authors":"Shan Xu, Wentao Wang, Sui Wang, Wanbin Sun, Meimei Fu, Shulin He, Hui Lyu","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0104-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0104-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigofera pseudotinctoria is an economically important perennial shrub in southwestern China. In recent years, leaf spot disease on I. pseudotinctoria has been frequently observed in commercial fields and the forage germplasm repository in Shuanghe County, Rongchang District, Chongqing Municipality, China. The typical symptoms, primarily on leaflets, appeared as sunken, necrotic, oval, circular, or elongated dark brown lesions, with an average incidence of 37.46% in 2023 and 47.81% in 2024, respectively. Three representative isolates were obtained and identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the combined LSU, SSU and ITS sequences. The results revealed that Slafractonia is a new member of the family Dothidotthiaceae, and the isolates belong to a novel species closely related to Slafractonia leguminicola. Morphologically, the species is characterized by branched hyphae with septa and a lack of conidia, significantly differing from S. leguminicola in growth rate, hyphal size, the presence of sclerotia or microsclerotia, and spherule-like structures. Pathogenicity tests were confirmed by inoculating representative isolates on living leaves from seedlings and developing plants, as well as on detached leaves. Pathogenicity tests on four locally grown perennial legumes suggest a broad host range for the pathogen, not restricted to I. pseudotinctoria alone. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, GCPSR, and pathogenicity analyses, we propose Slafractonia indigofera as the name for this pathogen of I. pseudotinctoria in Chongqing, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and simple detection of anilinopyrimidine resistance in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> by combining recombinase polymerase amplification with the CRISPR/Cas12a assay.","authors":"Fei Fan, Min-Yi Wu, Hui-Qin Zhang, Guoqing Li, Chaoxi Luo","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2346-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2346-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides have been widely adopted to control Botrytis cinerea since the 1990s. As a high-risk pathogen for the development of fungicide resistance, B. cinerea developed resistance to AP fungicides soon after their application. To ensure the proper use of these fungicides, it is necessary to establish a rapid and simple method for resistance detection. Our previous study demonstrated that the E407K mutation in Bcmdl1 was the major mutation conferring AP resistance in China. Based on the combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and CRISPR/Cas12a nucleic acid detection assay (RPA/Cas12a detection assay), a simple method for the rapid detection of AP resistance was established by specifically identifying this resistance-related mutation. The new detection assay could precisely identify the E407K mutants from other mutants and wild-type isolates within 50 minutes, relying solely on a water/metal bath and a UV flashlight. Moreover, this assay could detect genomic DNA at concentration as low as 1.8 × 106 fg/μL, which is comparable with conventional PCR, indicating its high sensitivity. High specificity among different species were also observed in this assay. Above all, this assay was compatible with a two-minute DNA extraction method, implying its feasibility for field application. In conclusion, the RPA/Cas12a detection assay developed in this study is rapid and simple, making it an ideal method for AP resistance detection in local agencies and other points of care. Instant information on resistance monitoring can provide important guidance on resistance management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the accuracy of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> molecular diagnostic tests in naturally-infected almond tree samples.","authors":"María Del Pilar Velasco Amo, Concepción Olivares-García, Miguel Román-Écija, Ester Marco-Noales, Juan A Navas-Cortés, Blanca Beatriz Landa Del Castillo","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2568-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2568-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a quarantine plant pathogen in the European Union, recognized as a high-priority pest due to its devastating cultural and economic impact on crops, ornamental plants, and landscape vegetation. The development and implementation of reliable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods for Xf detection are critical to ensure the production and trade of healthy plant material and to facilitate effective control measures, primarily aimed at eradication. Despite the availability of numerous detection protocols, their diagnostic parameters remain not precisely defined, and no universally accepted gold-standard protocol exists. This study compared the global accuracy and performance of six molecular assays using almond samples collected from naturally infected almond trees in the Alicante Demarcated Area, Spain. Additionally, the study evaluated the influence of plant sample type (leaf petioles versus woody chips) on diagnostic accuracy. Harper-qPCR and Li-qPCR assays demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 2.8-3 fg of Xf DNA. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) exhibited excellent sensitivity for woody chip samples, while Li-qPCR showed superior specificity across both tissue types. In contrast, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) displayed lower detection limits and reproducibility compared to qPCR-based methods. Bayesian latent class models indicated that combining Harper-qPCR and Li-qPCR for petioles, or Harper-qPCR and ddPCR for wood samples, optimized diagnostic reliability by reducing false negatives, which is critical in buffer zones under eradication while maintaining high specificity. These findings emphasize the need for tailoring diagnostic protocols to the epidemiological context, balancing sensitivity and specificity to optimize surveillance schemes for Xf and to support effective phytosanitary management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Dynamics of <i>Puccinia coronata</i> f. sp. <i>avenae</i> in 2023: Insights from the USDA's Oat Crown Rust Survey.","authors":"Erin Lynn Pfarr Moreau, Jakob M Riddle, Shahryar F Kianian","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2408-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2408-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The USDA's annual oat crown rust survey provides critical insights into the pathogen's regional and temporal virulence patterns. In the 2023 survey, 238 single pustule <i>Puccinia coronata</i> f. sp. <i>avenae</i> (<i>Pca</i>) isolates from nine states were screened against 40 differential lines. Pathogen race diversity was high with 94.7% of races represented by a single isolate, similar to previous surveys. The two most common races were represented by 5 and 8 isolates and were exclusive to the Southern region of the United States which lacks the pathogen's alternate host. Mean number of virulences per <i>Pca</i> isolate was 24.6 with Northern region isolates having significantly more virulences than Southern Region isolates. <i>Pc94</i> is rapidly breaking down in the North, with 84% of Northern isolates virulent having increased from ~5% before 2021. Virulence to <i>Pc96</i> is also steadily increasing to about 50% in both regions. Virulence to twelve resistance genes is consistently greater than 90% signaling complete breakdown of resistance. There were a few regional virulence patterns in the data: For <i>Pc14</i> and <i>Pc40</i>, virulence is more common in Southern isolates, with 86 and 88% of Southern isolates virulent as compared to about 20% in Northern isolates. Virulence frequencies have decreased to ~60% of Southern isolates while remaining greater than ~90% in the north to <i>Pc45</i>, <i>Pc48</i>, <i>Pc52</i>, <i>Pc68</i>, and <i>Pc91</i>. Moving forward, the differential line set is being revised to reduce redundancy and increase relevance with newer genes, with the long-term goal of developing a complete set of near isogenic lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peony Physiological index, interleaf microbial diversity and transcriptome response to <i>Erysiphe paeoniae</i> infection stress.","authors":"Xiaojing Liu, Lianrong Feng, Qian Bai, Zhanbin Wang, Muhammad Sabir","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-09-24-1984-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-24-1984-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), an important ornamental and medicinal plant, has been severely damaged by the prevalence of powdery mildew, affecting its cultivation and breeding. To ascertain the response mechanism of peony to powdery mildew infection, we examined the microbial diversity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities of mild disease leaves (DL) and healthy leaves (HL) in peony, and transcriptome sequencing in DL and HL was performed. The results showed that the MDA content rose as the degree of infection became worse, while antioxidant enzyme activities increased first and then decreased. Following the occurrance of powdery mildew, fungal community diversity decreased, whereas there was not any significant change in bacterial communities according to microbial diversity sequencing. A total of 1187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the transcriptome sequencing. Among them, 461 down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in response to multiple stress factors and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and 726 up-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in ribosomal structure, sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein translation, and the biosynthesis of terpenoid and polyketides. Furthermore, the pathway involved in plant-pathogen interactions and various disease-resistant transcription factors are crucial in peony defense mechanism against powdery mildew infection. Overall, during the infection of powdery mildew, significant changes occur in the antioxidant capacity and fungal community diversity of peony leaves, while the synthesis of various proteins is also inhibited. In addition, Peony may activate various defense reactions and enhance the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds by regulating disease-resistance transcription factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}