Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"Mycotoxin Contamination of Hazelnut Grown in Azerbaijan and <i>Aspergillus</i> Communities Associated with the Crop.","authors":"Fagan Aghayev, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Paola Battilani, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2623-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2623-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Azerbaijan, hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) is a crop of economic and nutritional importance. However, recent aflatoxin contamination events in hazelnut produced in Azerbaijan are posing health risks to consumers and reducing marketability. Aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were examined in hazelnuts collected at 33 farmers' stores one month after the 2022 harvest under various storage conditions from two regions in Azerbaijan. All hazelnut samples were contaminated both with aflatoxins (range = 1.1 to 7.2 μg/kg) and fumonisins (range = 0.12 to 0.30 mg/kg). <i>Aspergillus</i> section Flavi fungi were isolated, and both aflatoxin producers and atoxigenic (incapable of producing aflatoxins) isolates were identified. Several members of vegetative compatibility group IT006, to which the Italian aflatoxin biocontrol isolate MUCL54911 belongs, were found to be native to Azerbaijan. In laboratory competition assays, MUCL54911 reduced aflatoxins produced by three types of <i>Aspergillus</i> fungi by 97.5 to 100%, which indicates that biocontrol could be an option to reduce aflatoxin in hazelnut. Future research efforts should be geared toward detecting and characterizing additional atoxigenic isolates, optimizing biocontrol application for hazelnut, and implementing agronomic and postharvest practices to manage aflatoxin throughout the value chain. For effective implementation of integrated mycotoxin strategies, coalitions composed of farmers, research institutions, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and government agencies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS12242623SC"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of <i>Botrytis fabiopsis</i> and <i>B. euroamericana</i> associated with blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i>) blossom blight in Michigan.","authors":"Joel Ayebi Abbey, Sukhdeep Singh, Kerri Neugebauer, Timothy D Miles","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1153-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1153-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botrytis blossom blight and fruit rot are important diseases of blueberry in Michigan, traditionally attributed to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. However, a recent survey revealed the presence of additional <i>Botrytis</i> species associated with these diseases. During the survey, three isolates from Botrytis populations collected from blueberry fields were genetically examined and identified as <i>B. fabiopsis</i> and <i>B. euroamericana</i> based on multilocus phylogenetic analysis, prompting the need for further characterization of these emerging pathogens. This study aimed to characterize these isolates through expanded multilocus phylogenetic analysis incorporating five gene regions (G3PDH, RPB2, HSP60, NEP1, and NEP2), as well as assessments of their morphological traits, growth behavior, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity. These isolates exhibited optimal growth temperatures between 20 - 25 °C and demonstrated cultural traits consistent with their respective species. Pathogenicity tests confirmed their ability to infect healthy blueberry flowers and leaves, along with white rose petals and table grapes. Fungicide sensitivity profiling revealed that all isolates were sensitive to seven commonly used fungicides, although two showed reduced sensitivity to cyprodinil. This study provides the first experimental evidence confirming the pathogenicity of <i>B. fabiopsis</i> and <i>B. euroamericana</i> on blueberry tissues in Michigan and contributes key insights into their biological behavior and management potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, distribution, and fungicide sensitivity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. causing peach anthracnose in South Korea.","authors":"Sieun Kim, Ha-Kyoung Lee, Da-Ran Kim, You Kyoung Han","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0725-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0725-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peach anthracnose, caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp., poses a significant threat to peach production globally, including in South Korea. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, distribution, and fungicide sensitivity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates from 15 commercial peach orchards across five regions in South Korea. A total of 256 isolates were obtained from infected fruits and identified through multilocus phylogenetic analysis as belonging to five species: <i>C. fioriniae</i> and <i>C. nymphaeae</i> from the <i>C. acutatum</i> species complex, and <i>C. fructicola</i>, <i>C. siamense</i>, and <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> from the <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> species complex, with <i>C. fioriniae</i> being the dominant species. The distribution of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species varied significantly across peach-growing regions in South Korea, with notable regional differences in disease incidence and fungicide resistance levels. To assess fungicide sensitivity, the isolates were tested against five fungicides: pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, fluazinam, and prochloraz-manganese. Strains within the <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> species complex exhibited diverse responses to pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl, while all <i>C. fioriniae</i> strains displayed resistance or inherent tolerance to each fungicide. No resistance was observed to tebuconazole, fluazinam, or prochloraz-manganese. These findings highlight the emergence of resistance to commonly used fungicides such as pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl in <i>Colletotrichum</i> populations, emphasizing the need for alternative fungicides. This study provides valuable insights into the current status of peach anthracnose in South Korea and underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and disease management for sustainable control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of qPCR and ddPCR-based diagnostic tools for detection and quantification of <i>Apiospora marii</i>.","authors":"Giuseppe Incampo, Emanuele Chiaromonte, Davide Cornacchia, Angelini De Miccolis, Stefania Pollastro, Francesco Faretra, Donato Gerin","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0635-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0635-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apiospora marii (syn.= Arthrinium marii) is an ascomycete recently associated to olive tree dieback in Italy and Spain. With this study, a quantitative qPCR and a digital droplet ddPCR were developed for its detection. Considering the sequences available in GenBank, the ITS region was selected, and two primers/probe sets (AM135 and AM158) were generated. The optimization of the PCR conditions showed that 60°C was the best annealing temperature and 500/250 nM the best primers/probe concentration in both assays. Under these conditions, 1 fg µL-1 of A. marii DiSSPA_A1 DNA was detectable by qPCR corresponding to Cq 32 for AM135 and 33 for AM158. The same concentration was the lowest detected in ddPCR corresponding to 0.20 and 0.12 c µL-1, respectively for AM135 and AM158. The specificity of both primers/probe sets was tested in qPCR and ddPCR using the DNA of microorganisms commonly associated with olive wood and different olive cultivars. Untargeted amplifications were observed using the DNA of some isolates, and consequently the PCR reaction was stopped at the 37th cycle. The primer/probe set AM158 showed the best performance, and it was used for the validation in qPCR and ddPCR using the DNA extracted from healthy, artificially inoculated, and field naturally infected olive trees. Both positive amplification and A. marii-colonies were always obtained from samples artificially inoculated and from field naturally infected olive trees. The diagnostic tools can be used for monitoring A. marii and will be particularly helpful for evaluations on plant propagation material and to investigate aspects of the fungus lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrimethanil resistance detected in gray mold collected from the strawberry fields of Henan Province and potential resistance mechanism.","authors":"Feng Zhou, Hai-Chuan Su, Ruiqi Fu, Chen-Xi Zhou, Hong-Hui Wu, Hao-Qiang Miao, Jin-Lei Ma, Bo-Yan Zhao, Xiao-Ran Chen, Weiguo Li, Run-Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0544-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0544-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gray mold of strawberry, which is caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a disease of global importance that seriously affects the yield and quality of strawberry crops. At present, control mainly relies on chemical fungicides that prevents fungal growth such as pyrimethanil, an anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicide. However, the current study, which evaluated the sensitivity of 103 B. cinerea collected from the strawberry fields of Xinxiang city in the Henan Province of China, found that all of the field isolates tested had resistance to pyrimethanil, with an average EC50 value of 49.14±47.87 μg/mL, and with 97.09% of the isolates having resistant factors (RF) > 100, indicating high levels of resistance. Further investigation of four highly resistant field isolates (HM-16, HM-38, HM-61, and HM-82) revealed that the phenotype was stably inherited, and that resistance was accompanied by a loss of fitness such as significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mycelial growth and spore production, as well as a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced spore germination, and reduced pathogenicity on detached strawberry leaves. Molecular analysis of the candidate target proteins, BcCGS1 and BcCGS2, identified a range of amino acid changes in the predicted sequences, including D405N, D416E, L28P, M231T, D36G, L121P, A182P, and T200A in BcCGS1, and S48F, S173P, and, S104P in BcCGS2. Furthermore, the expression of both genes was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated in comparisons to the sensitive isolates. In addition, this study confirmed exist cross-resistance between pyrimethanil and the triazole fungicides hexaconazole, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole, as well as with the dicarboximide procymidone, and the strobilurin pyraclostrobin, but no cross-resistance with fludioxonil, pydiflumetofen, iprodione, and fluazinam. Taken together, these results confirm the emergence of pyrimethanil resistance in field populations of B. cinerea in Henan Province, China, as well as further evidence that CGS is the likely target protein for pyrimethanil. Moreover, the data obtained has practical implication for limiting the spread of pyrimethanil resistance and providing more effective disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic diffusible signaling factor (DSF)-producing rootstocks confer resistance to <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> in grafted non-transgenic scions.","authors":"Mariana Bossi Esteves, Mariana de Souza E Silva, Victoria Stern da Silva, Raquel Caserta, João Marques, Marco Aurelio Takita, Steven E Lindow, Alessandra De Souza","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0708-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0708-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>rpfF</i> gene from Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, encoding the synthase for diffusible signal factor (DSF), was previously shown to reduce Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri colonization and disease symptoms when expressed in transgenic Citrus sinensis plants. As DSF is a small, diffusible molecule, this study investigated whether its production in transgenic rootstocks expressing rpfF could confer resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in non-transgenic scions. Using antibodies specific to RpfF, we confirmed the presence of this enzyme in various cellular compartments of the transgenic rootstock, validating rpfF translation in planta. Both bacterial populations and citrus canker symptoms were significantly reduced in 'Valencia' sweet orange scions grafted onto the transgenic rootstocks compared with that in non-transgenic control scions. Additionally, X. citri subsp. citri genes known to be differentially regulated in rpfF transgenic plants, were also altered in the non-transgenic scions grafted onto the transgenic rootstocks. Further analysis of disease progression revealed that the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly lower in the leaves of non-transgenic scions grafted onto transgenic rootstocks compared to those grafted to non-transgenic controls. These results together suggest that DSF produced in the transgenic rootstock is translocated to the non-transgenic scion, resulting in enhanced tolerance. These findings highlight the potential of transgenic rootstocks to produce more resistant, non-transgenic scions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial risk-based survey model for <i>C.</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) detection in residential citrus populations in California.","authors":"Weiqi Luo, Tim Gottwald, Drew Posny, Neil McRoberts, Leigh Sitler, Kevin Duan, Clive Bock","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0075-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0075-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), associated with the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and spread by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri, ACP), poses a significant threat to California's citrus industry. First identified in Los Angeles in 2012, HLB has since spread through residential areas across Southern California. A risk-based survey (RBS) model has been developed to improve HLB surveillance and intervention. Within this framework, model components change as HLB dynamics shift, requiring regular updates to maintain data accuracy and model reliability. Disease spread is influenced by natural factors such as ACP establishment and confirmed HLB locations, as well as human-mediated factors like global mobility (travel introduction from HLB-infected countries), transportation of citrus materials, nurseries, packinghouses, farmers' markets, and proximity to private or otherwise inaccessible lands. Human-mediated risk factors account for approximately 26.3% (18.4 - 38.4%) of HLB incidence across different years, while natural causes predominantly explain the remaining 73.7% (61.6 - 81.7%). Notably, global mobility was crucial for early HLB detection in new areas, while ACP density strongly correlated with disease spread once established. A retrospective analysis from 2015 to 2022 evaluated the RBS model's performance, showing a predictive power of 88% to 97%, which confirms its validity for developing targeted interventions and early detection strategies in California.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of soil-related factors on distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in tropical fruit fields in South Florida.","authors":"Denis Gitonga, Daniel Carrillo, Romina Gazis, Abolfazl Hajihassani","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0445-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-25-0445-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are known to damage the roots of tropical fruit crops in Florida, especially in South Florida's calcareous soils. From July 2022 to September 2023, 65 fruit tree fields (eighteen avocado, seventeen guava, nine mamey, five longan, four starfruit, three mango, three lychee, two dragonfruit, two passionfruit, one papaya, and one banana) were randomly selected for sampling in Homestead, Florida, to determine the incidence and distribution of PPNs and their relationship with soil-related factors such as pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity (EC) and soil texture. Nine PPN genera were detected: Rotylenchulus (73.8% incidence; mean abundance 67.4 /100 cm3 soil; maximum 900 /100 cm3 soil), Mesocriconema (49.2%; 33.4; 490), Helicotylenchus (46.2%; 19.6; 185), Meloidogyne (30.8%; 11.9; 260), Pratylenchus (21.5%; 1.3; 20), Xiphinema (18.4%; 1.0; 16), Hoplolaimus (13.8%; 2.9; 72), Tylenchorrhynchus (12.3%; 3.3; 102), and Paratrichodorus (12.3%; 1.0; 28). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spearman correlation analysis showed that fruit crops, organic matter, and EC influenced PPN distribution. Organic matter was positively correlated to Rotylenchulus, while EC was positively correlated to Hoplolaimus, Pratyelchus and Helicotylenchus. Species in the genera Hoplolaimus, Rotylenchulus and Pratylenchus were associated with avocado; Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus with guava and dragonfruit; and Mesocriconema and Helicotylenchus with lychee, longan, and mango. Results highlight that both host plants and soil-related factors are critical in determining PPN distribution and abundance in South Florida's tropical fruit fields, providing important insights for managing nematode pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and quantification of potato spindle tuber viroid in wild and cultivated potatoes using a new validated RT-qPCR method.","authors":"Mercedes Ames, Andy Hamernik, James Busse, Dennis Halterman, Paul C Bethke","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2625-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2625-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potato (Solanum tuberosum), as an internationally traded, global crop, is exposed to a wide range of diseases that cause economic losses. Economically important pathogens include oomycetes, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and viroids. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a small, circular, single stranded RNA with autonomous replication that infects potato, causes tuber deformations, reduces yield and is readily transmitted from one generation to the next through seed potatoes and botanical zygotic seeds. PSTVd has been controlled effectively in some countries by implementing stringent seed potato certification and field management procedures. PSTVd persists in many other parts of the world, however, and infrequent detections of PSTVd continue to occur in locations where the viroid was thought to be absent. Analytical assays to detect PSTVd have been developed, but these assays have not been validated to establish their level of confidence and fit of purpose. In this manuscript, we describe an RT-qPCR method that allows for PSTVd diagnostics and quantitative monitoring. The method was validated following the Guidelines for the Validation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Foods and Feeds and literature recommendations for a single laboratory (Tier 1 validation). The method was used to determine the infection status of 208 potato plants from 10 species that might have been in contact with PSTVd-positive plants in an greenhouse experimental environment. PSTVd abundance at different locations within individual plants was quantified and these data showed that PSTVd titer can vary widely within the shoot system of a single plant. The validated method can detect and quantify PSTVd in true potato seed, but reliable detection in single seeds depends on viroid amount.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast detection of <i>Plenodomus tracheiphilus</i>, the causal agent of Citrus Mal Secco Disease, by real time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.","authors":"Emna Yahyaoui, Andrea Giovanni Caruso, Graziella Agrò, Grazia Licciardello, Paola Caruso, Silvia Di Silvestro, Livio Torta, Patrizia Bella, Salvatore Walter Davino, Stefano Panno","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0683-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0683-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus mal secco is a destructive tracheomycotic disease caused by mitosporic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp, and Verkley, severely affecting cultivated citrus species, particularly lemon trees in the Mediterranean region. A novel diagnostic assay based on real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed for the rapid detection of P. tracheiphilus. A set of six LAMP primers was designed to specifically target a 204-nucleotide sequence within the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of nuclear rRNA genes. The assay's sensitivity, specificity, exclusivity and inclusivity were evaluated on a panel of 21 isolates and compared with conventional PCR and the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results showed that the developed real-time LAMP assay could rapidly detect the pathogen genomic DNA within only 15 minutes, with no registered cross-reactivity with non-target fungal isolated from citrus plants or Citrus species. Moreover, reliable amplification was achieved using minimally processed samples. Specifically, two rapid extraction methods have been tested for an in-field plant diagnosis of P. tracheiphilus directly from the leaf surface. Overall, the developed real-time LAMP assay provides a potential tool for a quick, simple, specific and sensitive detection of P. tracheiphilus, allowing an early disease prediction and reducing the risk of epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}