Plant disease最新文献_第2页

Identification of Soybean Bush Dwarf Disease Associated with Co-infection of a Phytoplasma and Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus in Guangxi, China. 广西一种植物原体与豇豆轻度斑驳病毒共感染的大豆丛矮缩病鉴定。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0035-SC

Xiongbiao Xu, Jingying Liu, Ying Chen, Zhongyi Tang

{"title":"Identification of Soybean Bush Dwarf Disease Associated with Co-infection of a Phytoplasma and Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus in Guangxi, China.","authors":"Xiongbiao Xu, Jingying Liu, Ying Chen, Zhongyi Tang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0035-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0035-SC","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplasmas and viruses are important pathogens of soybean (Glycine max) and other legumes, posing a severe threat to global legume yields. In this study, three soybean plants exhibiting severe bush dwarfing, stem necrosis, leaf deformation and wrinkling were collected from Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) coupled with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were employed for virome analysis, while nested-PCR and conventional PCR with 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) universal and tuf gene-specific primers were used for the specific detection of phytoplasmas. All three samples were confirmed to be co-infected with Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and Candidatus Phytoplasma. The complete genome sequence of CPMMV was determined, which showed the highest nucleotide identity with the CPMMV isolate GX NiuDaLi, and the putative new isolate was named CPMMV GX-NN. Biological inoculation assays showed that CPMMV GX-NN could infect Glycine max, Vigna sinensis and Nicotiana benthamiana, inducing typical viral symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) via iPhyClassifier were further conducted and the phytoplasma was classified into the 16SrII Group. This is the first report of co-infection by CPMMV and a phytoplasma in soybean plants in Guangxi, China, providing critical insights for diagnosing and managing soybean diseases caused by these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-site, highly-sensitive and multi-signal detection of cucumber bacteria via CRISPR/Cas12a coupled with duplex RPA. 利用CRISPR/Cas12a偶联双工RPA对黄瓜细菌进行现场、高灵敏度和多信号检测。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-25-2416-RE

Yongjun Shen, Hao Wang, Wei Gao, Wenfang Luo, Tengfei Fan, Yanxia Shi, Xuewen Xie, Lei Li, Sheng Xiang, Ali Chai, Baoju Li

{"title":"On-site, highly-sensitive and multi-signal detection of cucumber bacteria via CRISPR/Cas12a coupled with duplex RPA.","authors":"Yongjun Shen, Hao Wang, Wei Gao, Wenfang Luo, Tengfei Fan, Yanxia Shi, Xuewen Xie, Lei Li, Sheng Xiang, Ali Chai, Baoju Li","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-25-2416-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-25-2416-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans (Pal) and Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pb) are highly destructive bacterial pathogens that cause severe oozy diseases in cucumber crops, often resulting in significant yield losses. Rapid and accurate detection is essential for effective disease management, yet current molecular detection methods are limited by their reliance on sophisticated instrumentation, time-consuming procedures, and laboratory-dependent operations, significantly limiting their practicality in field settings. To address these limitations, we developed a portable detection platform that integrates dual recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR/Cas12a technology. This system demonstrated exceptional sensitivity with a detection limit of 10⁻⁵ ng/μL for both Pal and Pb, while exhibiting high specificity and enabling multi-signal output capabilities. For rapid on-site detection, we further developed a portable device integrating a heating unit and a blue-light-excited fluorescence detection system, coupled with a smartphone-based readout for high-throughput field testing. The entire process was completed within one hour. This platform not only provides a powerful tool for rapid field detection of plant pathogens, but also pioneers a novel universal nucleic acid detection strategy with broad application prospects in point-of-care molecular diagnostics across healthcare, agriculture and other fields. By bridging the gap between laboratory precision and field practicality, this technology opens new avenues for decentralized diagnostics in crop protection, microbial ecology, and public health.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pantoea ananatis as the Emerging Causal Agent of Novel Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice: Characterization and Management in Anhui, China. 作为水稻新型细菌性叶枯病的新病原：安徽的鉴定与管理。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0931-RE

Hao-Yu Zang, Hui-Yong Xu, Zhao-Yang Zheng, Xue Yang, Rui Pan, Xiao-Xia Feng, Shan Shi, Qi-Sheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Qian-Qian Wan, Ren-de Qi, Chun-Yan Gu

{"title":"Pantoea ananatis as the Emerging Causal Agent of Novel Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice: Characterization and Management in Anhui, China.","authors":"Hao-Yu Zang, Hui-Yong Xu, Zhao-Yang Zheng, Xue Yang, Rui Pan, Xiao-Xia Feng, Shan Shi, Qi-Sheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Qian-Qian Wan, Ren-de Qi, Chun-Yan Gu","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0931-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0931-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Since its emergence in 2020, a novel bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis has posed a serious threat to rice production in Anhui Province, China. Through verification via Koch's postulates and 3 years of field monitoring, P. ananatis strain HQ01 was identified as the dominant pathogen, exhibiting high virulence even at low inoculum concentrations (102 CFU/ml). Genomic analysis further revealed virulence-associated traits, including type III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS/T4SS/T6SS), iron acquisition genes, and 160 carbohydrate-active enzymes linked to plant cell wall degradation. Meanwhile, resistance screening of 21 rice cultivars showed widespread susceptibility, with 95% of varieties classified as susceptible. In parallel, in vitro and in vivo trials identified tetramycin and zinc thiazole as the most effective chemical candidates. Despite these findings, control strategies remain inadequate for managing severe outbreaks. This study thus highlights the urgent need to develop resistant cultivars and sustainable bactericides to combat this emerging disease.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS04250931RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clonostachys Species Associating White Mold Disease of Cultivated Morels in China. 中国栽培羊肚菌白霉病相关菌群。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0201-RE

Yongwei Wang, Muqing Bai, Qi Zhao, Luzhen Wang, Keling Liu, Rujia Liang, Wenlong Zhao, Yuanju Jin, Frederick Leo Sossah, Odeshnee Naicker, Chunlan Zhang

{"title":"Clonostachys Species Associating White Mold Disease of Cultivated Morels in China.","authors":"Yongwei Wang, Muqing Bai, Qi Zhao, Luzhen Wang, Keling Liu, Rujia Liang, Wenlong Zhao, Yuanju Jin, Frederick Leo Sossah, Odeshnee Naicker, Chunlan Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0201-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-26-0201-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Morels (Morchella spp.) are among the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms in China, but rapid expansion of production has been accompanied by rising incidence of white mold disease (WMD), reducing yields. Although more than ten fungi have been reported associated with WMD, the diversity and distribution of causal agents remain unclear. In this study, 832 diseased fruiting bodies of Morchella importuna, M. sextelata, and M. septimelata were collected from 64 locations across 16 major morel-producing provinces in China. Sixty Clonostachys isolates were recovered and identified using morphological traits and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, confirming four species: C. chloroleuca, C. farinosa, C. rosea, and C. solani. Of these, C. chloroleuca and C. farinosa were reported for the first time on morels in China. Clonostachys rosea was dominant (81.7% of isolates), widely distributed, and induced mold symptoms in pathogenicity test. In contrast, C. chloroleuca, C. farinosa, and C. solani showed comparatively lower frequencies and pathogenicity. These findings broaden understanding of Clonostachys diversity associated with WMD and provide a foundation for developing integrated management strategies in commercial morel production.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistance Risk Assessment of the Novel SDHI Fungicide Fenopyramid in Rhizoctonia solani: Moderate Resistance Risk and Synergistic Strategies with DMIs. 新型SDHI杀菌剂非锥体胺对茄枯丝核菌的耐药风险评估：中等耐药风险及与DMIs的协同策略。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1253-RE

Meng Cai, Zhenyuan Sun, Chunyan Yin, Awad Ateia, W M W W Kandegama, Qiong Chen, Zhenyu Wang

{"title":"Resistance Risk Assessment of the Novel SDHI Fungicide Fenopyramid in Rhizoctonia solani: Moderate Resistance Risk and Synergistic Strategies with DMIs.","authors":"Meng Cai, Zhenyuan Sun, Chunyan Yin, Awad Ateia, W M W W Kandegama, Qiong Chen, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1253-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1253-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Fenopyramid is a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) that will be soon launched on the market. Sensitivity detection and resistance risk assessment should be performed promptly to track the emergence of fenopyramid resistance and establish resistance management strategies. In this study, the sensitivity of 78 Rhizoctonia solani isolates to fenopyramid was evaluated, along with resistance risk, cross-resistance patterns, fitness costs, and resistance mechanisms in the laboratory. Three low-level resistant mutants and three high-level resistant mutants were obtained by repeated exposures of wild-type sensitive isolates to fenopyramid. The fitness in mycelial growth, mycelial biomass, and pathogenicity of the low-level resistant mutants were less than or similar to that of the parental isolate. There was no fitness cost in the high-level resistant mutants in comparison with that of the parental isolate. Fenopyramid had moderate to strong cross-resistance with commonly used SDHIs (thifluzamide, boscalid, carboxin, and flubeneteram) and non-SDHIs (fluazinam). Overall, the results suggest that the resistance risk of R. solani to fenopyramid is moderate. Mixtures of fenopyramid with four demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) showed synergistic effects. Therefore, it is recommended to mix fenopyramid with DMIs in a proper mass ratio to avoid and delay the development of fenopyramid resistance. No mutations or significant expression changes were detected in the target-site genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD. Other resistance mechanisms may be responsible and require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS06251253RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity of Phaeocytostroma ambiguum, a fungal species recovered from the crowns of corn plants. 玉米冠真菌褐细胞间菌的致病性和杀真菌剂敏感性。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0383-RE

Daniel Kiprop Kimtai, Clarice Schmidt, Rashelle L Matthiesen, Alison E Robertson

{"title":"Pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity of Phaeocytostroma ambiguum, a fungal species recovered from the crowns of corn plants.","authors":"Daniel Kiprop Kimtai, Clarice Schmidt, Rashelle L Matthiesen, Alison E Robertson","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0383-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0383-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Crown rots affect corn (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. Affected plants often die prematurely shortening the grain fill period. Although Fusarium spp. are considered to be the causal organisms, other fungal species have been recovered from rotted corn crowns. Corn plants were collected from experimental plot field trials in Iowa (2023 and 2024), and commercial fields across 10 states in the United States (U.S.; 2023). The most frequently recovered fungi from rotted crowns were Trichoderma koningiosposis (28.4%), Phaeocytostroma ambiguum (27.8%), and Colletotrichum graminicola (16.5%) with Fusarium spp. recovered from 13.6% of crowns. A Petri plate assay was used to determine the pathogenicity of P. ambiguum on corn seedlings at 13, 18, and 23°C. Seedlings inoculated with P. ambiguum compared to Fusarium graminearum had less severe root rot, shorter roots, and lower weight. In a greenhouse assay, crowns of corn plants at growth stage V3 were inoculated with P. ambiguum, and rotted crowns were observed after six weeks. A fungicide sensitivity assay with fungicides representing five FRAC groups at 13 and 18°C determined all isolates were sensitive to groups 1, 3, and 12 at both temperatures. Insensitivity to FRAC group 11 was detected at 13°C (31.4% isolates); however, all isolates were sensitive at 18°C. Insensitivity to FRAC group 7 was detected for 25.7 and 57.1% of isolates at 13 and 18°C, respectively. These data confirm P. ambiguum is pathogenic on corn, provide fungicide efficacy data, and contribute to the overall understanding of crown rot development in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of the cyst nematode Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 infecting red kidney beans in Shanxi Province, China. 山西省红芸豆包囊线虫的发生、分布及遗传多样性。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-12-25-2544-RE

Yibing Ma, Liyi Wang, Jingjing Geng, Yi Hu, Hailong Dong, Zengqi Zhao, Jianming Wang, Yumei Xu

{"title":"Occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of the cyst nematode Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 infecting red kidney beans in Shanxi Province, China.","authors":"Yibing Ma, Liyi Wang, Jingjing Geng, Yi Hu, Hailong Dong, Zengqi Zhao, Jianming Wang, Yumei Xu","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-25-2544-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-25-2544-RE","url":null,"abstract":"The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) poses a significant constraint on the production of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Shanxi Province, China. To elucidate its epidemiological dynamics and population genetics within this cropping system, we conducted field surveys from 2020 to 2022 across 11 counties in the primary red kidney bean-producing cities of Taiyuan, Xinzhou, and Lvliang. Our results revealed that H. glycines was detected in all surveyed counties, with cysts identified in 98.8% of the 164 field samples collected. Population densities ranged from 74.6 cysts per 100 g of soil in Kelan County (an epidemic hotspot) to 8.0 cysts per 100 g of soil in Yuanping County (baseline levels). Analysis of ITS rRNA gene sequences indicated that genetic variation predominantly occurred within populations (Fst = 0.12499; Nm = 1.7502), whereas significant genetic divergence was associated with different host plants (Fst = 0.25217; Nm = 0.7414). Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses further indicated that populations infecting red kidney beans formed a distinct cluster separate from those associated with other hosts. These findings highlight host adaptation as a key evolutionary driver and provide a critical foundation for targeted management strategies against H. glycines in red kidney bean production systems.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the potential of Pseudomonas bacteria for the biocontrol of ink disease of chestnut. 假单胞菌对板栗墨汁病生物防治潜力的试验。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-10-25-2150-RE

Francesca Dennert, Valentin Troxler, Olivia Xenia Bossert, Salome Schneider, Monika Maurhofer, Simone Prospero

{"title":"Testing the potential of Pseudomonas bacteria for the biocontrol of ink disease of chestnut.","authors":"Francesca Dennert, Valentin Troxler, Olivia Xenia Bossert, Salome Schneider, Monika Maurhofer, Simone Prospero","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-10-25-2150-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-25-2150-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Ink disease, caused by the two oomycetes Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora x cambivora, is one of the most devastating diseases of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in Europe. Its control is particularly difficult, with few fungicides showing a satisfactory effect, but being progressively banned in forest ecosystems, or in forest-like plantations because of ecological concerns. Therefore, alternative, nature-friendly control methods are urgently needed. The bacterial genus Pseudomonas includes many species with antifungal and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we isolated Pseudomonas bacteria from the rhizosphere of healthy and diseased chestnut trees in southern Switzerland. Out of 166 isolated Pseudomonas strains, five showed significant growth inhibition of P. cinnamomi and/or P. x cambivora in vitro. Three strains that significantly inhibited the growth of both pathogens were tested against a collection of 20 isolates of each species, which showed that the in vitro inhibition is independent of the pathogen isolate. The mechanisms underlying this inhibition remain unclear, since none of the three strains harbored biosynthesis genes coding for well-known antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Phylogenetic analysis on whole genome sequences showed that two of the strains belong to the P. fluorescens subgroup, while one strain probably belongs to a previously unrecognized species closely related to the P. putida subgroup. The results of this study indicate that Pseudomonas have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against ink disease. Further experiments are needed to confirm their inhibitory effect against P. cinnamomi and P. x cambivora in vivo.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biocontrol of Wheat Blast by Seed-Associated Bacillus Strains: Three-Year Field Evaluation and Comparison with Chemical Fungicide for Disease Control and Yield Optimization. 种子伴生芽孢杆菌对小麦稻瘟病的生物防治：三年田间评价及与化学杀菌剂的比较

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0244-RE

Sanjoy Kumar Paul, Lamya Muazzeda Medha, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Dipali Rani Gupta, Mahfuzur Rahman, Tofazzal Islam

{"title":"Biocontrol of Wheat Blast by Seed-Associated Bacillus Strains: Three-Year Field Evaluation and Comparison with Chemical Fungicide for Disease Control and Yield Optimization.","authors":"Sanjoy Kumar Paul, Lamya Muazzeda Medha, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Dipali Rani Gupta, Mahfuzur Rahman, Tofazzal Islam","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0244-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-26-0244-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT), poses a major, escalating threat to global wheat production, particularly in South Asia. This study systematically evaluated the biocontrol and yield-enhancing potential of three seed-associated Bacillus strains, Bacillus subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and BTLK6A, against MoT under both greenhouse (seed priming, preventive and curative foliar application) and field conditions (seed priming and foliar spray), Seed priming with BTS-4 demonstrated significant disease suppression, reducing leaf blast severity by up-to 89.88 %. Synergistic seed priming treatment further enhanced protection, with the BTS-3 + BTS-4 consortium achieving 93.38 % reduction of the disease in the seedling assay. Notably, preventive foliar application of BTS-4 also resulted in complete leaf blast suppression (0% severity), demonstrating its prophylactic efficacy, whereas curative treatments were comparatively less effective. Three years of rigorous field trial data confirmed the high efficacy of the Bacillus treatments, with BTS-4 and the bacterial consortium consistently reducing blast severity by more than 50% compared to the negative control. More importantly, the biocontrol treatments significantly improved yield attributes, with the consortium achieving the highest grain yield. These results clearly demonstrated that biological control treatments, alone or combined with fungicide, outperformed the negative control by 86.2% and the standard chemical fungicide (Nativo®) treatment by 47.3%, respectively. These findings highlight the strong potential of these Bacillus strains, particularly the BTS-4 and consortium treatments, as sustainable, superior biocontrol agents that for the integrated management of wheat blast and field-scale crop productivity enhancement.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unmasking Ramularia mali: Phylogenetic Analysis and Degradative Impact on Apple Biopolymers. 揭露黑麻子：系统发育分析及其对苹果生物聚合物的降解影响。

IF 4.4 2区农林科学

Plant disease Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1018-RE

Stefanie Primisser, Evi Deltedesco, Davide Spadaro, Sigrid Neuhauser, Sabine Oettl

{"title":"Unmasking Ramularia mali: Phylogenetic Analysis and Degradative Impact on Apple Biopolymers.","authors":"Stefanie Primisser, Evi Deltedesco, Davide Spadaro, Sigrid Neuhauser, Sabine Oettl","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1018-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1018-RE","url":null,"abstract":"Ramularia mali Videira & Crous has recently emerged as the causal agent of dry lenticel rot, a postharvest disease affecting apples in Italy, Austria, and France. The disease manifests only after long-term cold storage under hypoxic conditions, resulting in distinct brown to black lesions on the peel. In contrast, infected fruits in the field remain asymptomatic. This study investigated the phylogenetic identity of R. mali in northern Italy (South Tyrol) and its ability to degrade major apple cell wall components under various environmental conditions. A multilocus sequence typing analysis using five gene regions was performed on 95 isolates to confirm species identity. Additionally, fungal strains were tested for their ability to utilize cellulose, pectin, and starch at different temperatures (4, 10, 25, and 37°C) under dark/light and hypoxic conditions of the storage. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed R. mali as the dominant species and primary causal agent of dry lenticel rot in South Tyrol (Italy) and Styria (Austria). The pathogen showed psychrotolerant and hypoxia-tolerant traits, with slow but sustained growth under cold storage conditions. Pectin degradation was associated with symptom development, whereas no starch degradation was observed. This suggests that the pathogen preferentially colonizes riper fruit tissues. Disease severity was greater in more mature apples, suggesting a link between ripening-related tissue changes and susceptibility. These findings highlight the role of environmental factors, fruit ripeness, and R. mali psychrotolerant nature in disease progression. Future work should focus on quantifying varietal differences in peel composition to develop strategies to mitigate postharvest losses during long-term apple storage.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":"PDIS05251018RE"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0