Fan Yang,Yiming Wang,Ruishu Zuo,Liang Ma,Yunyun Ji,Xianghui Wang,Shengjiang Chang,Fei Fan
{"title":"Terahertz wavelength-division multiplexing sensor based on a multi-channel waveguide leaky-wave antenna","authors":"Fan Yang,Yiming Wang,Ruishu Zuo,Liang Ma,Yunyun Ji,Xianghui Wang,Shengjiang Chang,Fei Fan","doi":"10.1364/prj.591541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.591541","url":null,"abstract":"Although terahertz waveguide sensors have the potential for high sensitivity, their single-channel architecture severely limits detection throughput and multi-parameter parallel analysis capabilities. This paper proposes and implements a terahertz wavelength-division multiplexing sensor based on spatial–spectral mapping, centered on a parallel-plate waveguide leaky-wave antenna integrated with a gradient slit array. By optimizing the waveguide structural parameters, we achieved low crosstalk and frequency tuning for multi-channel signals. The research system verified the sensor’s parallel detection capability and channel independence. When the samples are applied to the slit region of the output plate, the sensor’s individual channels exhibited an intensity modulation sensitivity of 1.2%/(mg/mL) and a frequency sensing sensitivity of 0.57 GHz/(mg/mL). When the sample is placed between the waveguide plates, the sensitivities are 1.6%/(mg/mL) and 0.2 GHz/(mg/mL). Moreover, only the slit channels corresponding to the sample-covered areas showed characteristic frequency shifts, while signals from uncovered channels remained stable, demonstrating the spatial independence of each sensing channel. This work provides practical support for developing the next generation of high-throughput, chip-integrated terahertz sensing systems, which establishes a new pathway toward multi-target analysis and real-time monitoring for biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"4252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxue Chu,Han Luo,Zaixing Wen,Yuang Liu,Donglin Ma
{"title":"High-fidelity image scanning microscopy via programmable line scanning with self-calibration","authors":"Wenxue Chu,Han Luo,Zaixing Wen,Yuang Liu,Donglin Ma","doi":"10.1364/prj.601343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.601343","url":null,"abstract":"Image scanning microscopy (ISM) is widely used in the field of super-resolution bioimaging. Compared with confocal microscopy, ISM employs an array detector for signal acquisition, which significantly improves photon utilization efficiency while reducing the complexity of system alignment. However, conventional ISM still suffers from limitations such as slow imaging speed, anisotropic resolution, and low reconstruction fidelity. To address these issues, this study proposes and develops high-fidelity image scanning microscopy (HF-ISM) via programmable line scanning with self-calibration. To comprehensively validate the superior performance of the proposed system, systematic evaluations are conducted through both simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate that, compared with conventional line-scanning ISM, HF-ISM achieves stable sub-diffraction-limited resolution imaging with less sampling data through multi-line synchronous scanning. With orthogonal scanning, it achieves isotropic resolution. By performing self-calibration on the raw data, it attains higher reconstruction fidelity and more uniform quantitative imaging performance across the entire field of view, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of conventional approaches in imaging speed, resolution uniformity, and data fidelity. The proposed HF-ISM framework provides a practical approach for high-speed and high-fidelity fluorescence imaging and may facilitate future developments of ISM-based super-resolution microscopy.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"40 12 1","pages":"4210"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijing Xu,Liuzhen Peng,Zhenyuan Huang,Jinjing Zhang,Qilong Wang
{"title":"Integrated ultra-compact polarization converter and electro-absorption modulator using an ENZ-TCO-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide","authors":"Yijing Xu,Liuzhen Peng,Zhenyuan Huang,Jinjing Zhang,Qilong Wang","doi":"10.1364/prj.586152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.586152","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent incompatibility between transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the transverse-electric (TE) mode dominant in silicon photonic waveguides poses a significant challenge for developing ultra-compact active devices. Typically, separate polarization converters are required, increasing device footprint and complexity. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a monolithic device that seamlessly integrates polarization conversion and electro-absorption modulation within an ultra-compact footprint. The design leverages a rib-shaped indium tin oxide (ITO)/Au hybrid plasmonic waveguide to efficiently convert the fundamental TE mode in the silicon waveguide into a TM-polarized hybrid plasmonic mode, while simultaneously utilizing the strong field enhancement in the ITO layer under the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) condition for efficient modulation. The fabricated device, with an active region of only 6 μm in length, achieves an extinction ratio of 6.77 dB under a low voltage swing of 2 V, corresponding to a high modulation efficiency of 1.13 dB/μm and an energy consumption of 0.44 pJ/bit. Broadband operation is demonstrated over the C-band (1530–1565 nm). This integrated approach provides an innovative strategy for developing high-efficiency, ultra-compact photonic components critical for future chip-scale optoelectronic systems.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"4202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model-discrimination-based super-resolution OTDR with resolution-limit analysis","authors":"Yi Qin,Ruijiang Wang,Jishen Hou,Guijun Hu","doi":"10.1364/prj.603722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.603722","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial resolution is a key performance metric of optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR), but it is typically constrained by hardware factors such as the launched pulse width and receiver bandwidth. To overcome this limitation, this work proposes a model-discrimination-based super-resolution method for OTDR, which reformulates the conventional hardware-limited spatial-resolution problem as one of model selection and parameter inversion in single-fault and two-fault scenarios. Specifically, theoretical backscattering models are established for single-fault and adjacent two-fault cases, and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is employed to select the model that best fits the observed signal. When the two-fault model is preferred, the fault spacing, namely, the spatial resolution, is further retrieved through inversion. On this basis, a quantitative relationship is established between the spatial-resolution limit and system parameters such as pulse width, bandwidth, and noise. Furthermore, a BIC-based dense multi-fault region detection mechanism is developed to assess the adequacy of the two-fault model in explaining the observed signal, thereby preventing multi-fault cases from being misclassified as two-fault cases. Numerical simulations show that, for the typical parameter settings considered in this work, the adopted engineering criterion for stable two-fault discrimination corresponds to a spatial resolution of approximately 1/25 of the conventional pulse-width-limited resolution. Experimental results demonstrate that, under the tested system configuration, a spatial resolution of 0.5 m can be achieved over a 10 km fiber link.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"4223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perovskite metasurfaces for high-performance chiral photodetection","authors":"Xiong Jiang,Huachun Deng,Hao Li,Yue Cui,Shuhan Yan,Xianyu Deng,Qinghai Song,Shumin Xiao","doi":"10.1364/prj.607968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.607968","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip integrated chirality-sensitive photodetectors play a vital role in next-generation imaging, sensing, and navigation. Traditional approaches are either relatively inefficient or must be used in conjunction with separate photodetectors, strongly restricting their device performance. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new type of high-performance chiral photodetector by directly patterning a metasurface into a perovskite film. We reveal that local transformations of the perovskite metasurface within each unit cell precisely tune the out-of-plane asymmetry of the electromagnetic field, thereby producing high- Q chiral resonances with near-maximal circular dichroism (CD). The corresponding perovskite photodetector therefore responds almost exclusively to one circular polarization at the resonant wavelength. Experimentally, the chiral photodetector was realized by etching a (p-F- PEA ) 2 MA 3 Pb 4 I 13 perovskite film between two Au electrodes. The perovskite metasurface significantly enhanced chiral selectivity while preserving monolithic integration, enabling chiral photodetection with a record-breaking photocurrent dissymmetry factor ( g ph ).","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"4263"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coherent reconstruction of turbulence-distorted spatial modes for free-space optical communication","authors":"Zepeng Wei,Wang Wei,Qiqi Yuan,Weihan Xu,Chang Li,Linjie Zhou,Ting Lei,Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1364/prj.604434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.604434","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence severely degrades direct single-mode-fiber reception in free-space optical communication by redistributing optical power among spatial modes and inducing deep fades. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent-reconstruction receiver that combines few-mode-fiber collection, multi-plane-light-conversion demultiplexing, and silicon-photonic coherent reconstruction. In laboratory turbulence emulation, both the demultiplexed four-mode power sum and the practical coherent-reconstruction output exhibit lower scintillation than direct single-mode reception. In a 10-Gb/s communication test, the receiver reduces interruption probability and extends uninterrupted communication time by up to 3.02 times. These results establish coherent reconstruction of turbulence-distorted spatial modes as a practical route for mitigating turbulence-induced fading in free-space optical communication receivers.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"4239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}