PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-01-17DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0230
Pedro Dorado, Eva M Peñas-Lledó
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base scientific evidence.","authors":"Pedro Dorado, Eva M Peñas-Lledó","doi":"10.2217/pgs-2023-0230","DOIUrl":"10.2217/pgs-2023-0230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tweetable abstract Update on the genetic variants with the highest level of Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base evidence for their association with toxicity and efficacy in response to the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2024.2370761
Sadiq Aliyu Hussaini, Bala Waziri, Caroline Dickens, Raquel Duarte
{"title":"Pharmacogenetics of Calcineurin inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients: the African gap. A narrative review.","authors":"Sadiq Aliyu Hussaini, Bala Waziri, Caroline Dickens, Raquel Duarte","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2370761","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2370761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the mainstay of immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Interpatient variability in the disposition of calcineurin inhibitors is a well-researched phenomenon and has a well-established genetic contribution. There is great diversity in the makeup of African genomes, but very little is known about the pharmacogenetics of CNIs and transplant outcomes. This review focuses on genetic variants of calcineurin inhibitors' metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5), related molecules (POR, PPARA) and membrane transporters involved in the metabolism of calcineurin inhibitors. Given the genetic diversity across the African continent, it is imperative to generate pharmacogenetic data, especially in the era of personalized medicine and emphasizes the need for studies specific to African populations. The study of allelic variants in populations where they have greater frequencies will help answer questions regarding their impact. We aim to fill the knowledge gaps by reviewing existing research and highlighting areas where African research can contribute.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"329-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of genetic variants on fentanyl metabolism in major breast surgery patients: a candidate gene association study.","authors":"Shathish Kumar, Kesavan Ramasamy, Harivenkatesh Natarajan, Shravan Venkatraman, Vishnu Eriyat, Pankaj Kundra","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2429365","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2429365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to examine the association of two selected candidate SNPs rs2242480 (CYP3A4) and rs1045642 (ABCB1) with metabolic ratio of plasma norfentanyl to fentanyl concentrations in patients undergoing major breast surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective cross-sectional study was done in 257 female patients. DNA extraction, genotyping of selected SNPs, and drug levels measurement were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 257 female patients were recruited with no loss to follow up. There was no significant association between the two mentioned SNPs and the metabolic ratio (<i>p</i> value > 0.05). As an exploratory analysis, there was a moderately significant negative correlation between metabolic ratio and pupillary constriction to fentanyl (<i>r</i> = -0.27; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was also a weak but significant positive correlation between metabolic ratio and time for first analgesia in the postoperative period (<i>r</i> = 0.17; <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant association with the selected candidate SNPs in <i>CYP3A4</i> and <i>ABCB1 genes</i> and metabolic ratio of norfentanyl to fentanyl in South Indian patients undergoing major breast surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"595-603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of DNA methylation, polymorphism and mRNA level of ALAS1 with antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury.","authors":"Zhuolu Hao, Bing Han, Xinyue Zhou, Hongkai Jian, Xiaomin He, Lihuan Lu, Meiling Zhang, Hongqiu Pan, Honggang Yi, Shaowen Tang","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2392480","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2392480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To investigate the association of DNA methylation, genetic polymorphisms and mRNA level of aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) with antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) risk.<b>Methods:</b> Based on a 1:1 matched case-control study with 182 cases and 182 controls, one CpG island and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. <i>ALAS1</i> mRNA level was detected in 34 samples.<b>Results:</b> Patients with methylation status were at high risk of AT-DILI (odds ratio: 1.567, 95% CI: 1.015-2.421, <i>p</i> = 0.043) and SNP rs352169 was associated with AT-DILI risk (GA vs. GG, odds ratio: 1.770, 95% CI: 1.101-2.847, <i>p</i> = 0.019). <i>ALAS1</i> mRNA level in the cases was significantly lower than that in the controls (0.75 ± 0.34 vs. 1.00 ± 0.42, <i>p</i> = 0.021).<b>Conclusion:</b> The methylation status and SNP rs352169 of <i>ALAS1</i> were associated with AT-DILI risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"451-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2024.2411939
Jun Liu, Linkun Pan, Sheng Wang, Yueran Li, Yilai Wu, Jiajie Luan, Kui Yang
{"title":"Predicting laboratory aspirin resistance in Chinese stroke patients using machine learning models by GP1BA polymorphism.","authors":"Jun Liu, Linkun Pan, Sheng Wang, Yueran Li, Yilai Wu, Jiajie Luan, Kui Yang","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2411939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2411939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to use machine learning model to predict laboratory aspirin resistance (AR) in Chinese stroke patients by incorporating patient characteristics and single nucleotide polymorphisms of <i>GP1BA</i> and <i>LTC4S</i>. 2405 patients were analyzed to measure the Mutation frequency of <i>GP1BA</i> rs6065 and <i>LTC4S</i> rs730012. 112 patients with first-stroke arteriostenosis were prospectively enrolled to establish machine learning model. GP1BA rs6065 mutation frequency is 5.26% and LTC4S rs730012 is 14.78%. <i>GP1BA</i> rs6065 CT patients have more sensitivity to aspirin than CC genotype. Simple linear regression identified significant associations with age, smoking, HDL and <i>GP1BA</i> rs6065. Random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) demonstrated predictive capabilities for AR. Findings suggest pre-identifying <i>GP1BA</i> rs6065 could optimize aspirin treatment, enabling personalized care and future research avenues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PPARA variant rs1800234 had a dose dependent pharmacogenetics impact on the therapeutic response to chiglitazar.","authors":"Zhaoxu Geng, Yuanting Zheng, Qian Li, Desi Pan, Xianping Lu, Fei Chen, Ying Zhang, Keying Li, Kaixin Zhou, Leming Shi, You Wang","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2430163","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2430163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our objective was to explore the pharmacogenetic impact of three known functional variants in drug target genes and determine whether they can explain the inter-individual variation in therapeutic response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a post hoc analysis of data from randomized controlled clinical trials of chiglitazar, we genotyped 481 Chinese patients with T2DM and investigated the association of variants in PPAR genes with the therapeutic outcome separated by dose using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rs1800234, a gain-of-function variant of PPARA, had a dose-dependent pharmacogenetic impact on the therapeutic response to chiglitazar. The C allele was significantly associated with reduced therapeutic response in the 48 mg group, while no significant association was observed in the 32 mg group. In addition, in patients without the C allele, patients treated with 48 mg chiglitazar had a better therapeutic response than those treated with 32 mg chiglitazar. To the contrary, in patients with the C allele, patients treated with 48 mg chiglitazar had a worse therapeutic response than those treated with 32 mg of chiglitazar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PPARA variant rs1800234 had a dose-dependent pharmacogenetic impact on the therapeutic response to chiglitazar. It could help explain the absence of a dose effect of chiglitazar and serve as a potential biomarker for the chosen dose of chiglitazar in the future. In addition, our study provided important reference for the design and clinical application of multi-target drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"605-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2025.2452834
Jade Thomas, Faith R Yong, Natalia Kryzyaniak, Christy Noble, Christopher R Freeman
{"title":"Pharmacogenomic curriculum in Australian medical schools: a content analysis study.","authors":"Jade Thomas, Faith R Yong, Natalia Kryzyaniak, Christy Noble, Christopher R Freeman","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2452834","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2452834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To ascertain and describe pharmacogenomic concepts included in the intended curriculum of accredited Australian medical schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Content analysis of curriculum learning objectives of Australian medical schools was conducted, focusing on keywords and phrases pertaining to pharmacogenomic education. Learning objectives related to pharmacogenomics were categorized using (1) undergraduate medical genomic competencies per the Association of Professors in Human and Medical Genetics (2) Bloom's Taxonomy for cognitive and knowledge dimensions and (3) knowledge translation (enabling science, translation science and clinical implementation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The curricula of 19 accredited medical schools in Australia were analyzed. Two-thirds (68%) contained genomic/pharmacogenomic education. Eight schools had content relating to undergraduate medical genomic competencies. Of those which had pharmacogenomic-related learning objectives, the majority (65%) were categorized in Bloom's Taxonomy's lower levels (Remember and Understand) and 15% were deemed to be at the level of 'Clinical Implementation.'</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of Australian medical schools have incorporated pharmacogenomics in their current curriculum; however, learning objectives addressing application and clinical implementation are required. Doctors have a unique role to play in implementing pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Comprehensiveness of course curricula across all learning domains would support uptake of pharmacogenomics into routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"647-655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacogenomics and response to lithium in bipolar disorder.","authors":"Pasquale Paribello, Ulker Isayeva, Claudia Pisanu, Alessio Squassina, Mirko Manchia","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2470605","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2470605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present review explores the existing evidence on pharmacogenomic tests for prediction of lithium response in the treatment of bipolar disorder. We focused our research article on reports describing findings from genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk scores, and gene expression analyses associated with lithium response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a non-systematic review of studies from PubMed/Medline by using terms such as \"pharmacogenomics,\" \"GWAS,\" \"gene expression,\" and \"lithium response.\" Inclusion criteria focused on original research involving human subjects and assessing lithium response outcomes as well as in vitro studies. An extensive pearl-growing strategy was employed to further enlarge the scope of the piece by capitalizing on the knowledge of study authors on the subject.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observed results, albeit promising, remain preliminary in terms of clinical relevance. Machine learning combining genetic and clinical data appears associated with moderate success in predicting lithium responsiveness. Gene expression studies and genome-wide association studies have helped identify possible targets of lithium and have the potential to support target-specific drug research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacogenomics may support further discoveries in precision medicine further enlarging our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lithium for its efficacy. However, clinical applications currently appear out of reach in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"689-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2025.2470613
Dorian Chastagner, Hélène Arnion, Clément Danthu, Fatouma Touré, Nicolas Picard
{"title":"Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM): pharmacological aspects and genetic predispositions.","authors":"Dorian Chastagner, Hélène Arnion, Clément Danthu, Fatouma Touré, Nicolas Picard","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2470613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2025.2470613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a form of diabetes developed after solid organ or stem cell transplantation. This condition shares physiopathological traits with type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction and its prevalence varies significantly based on the diagnostic criteria used. Immunosuppressive drugs directly contribute to PTDM risk through intricate impacts on glucose regulation, insulin secretion, and inflammation. In addition, modifiable and non-modifiable environmental risk factors are associated with the onset of this condition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial nature of PTDM in order to highlight candidate genes and variants for pharmacogenetic research. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on pharmacological and genetic factors influencing PTDM development. This review stresses the importance of understanding these interactions for improving PTDM management and underscores the need for further research to refine preventive approaches, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes post-transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"707-718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PharmacogenomicsPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1080/14622416.2024.2430161
Aaron K Wong, Sara Vogrin, Pal Klepstad, Justin Rubio, Brian Le, Jennifer Philip, Andrew A Somogyi
{"title":"Do CYP2D6 genotypes affect oxycodone dose, pharmacokinetics, pain, and adverse effects in cancer?","authors":"Aaron K Wong, Sara Vogrin, Pal Klepstad, Justin Rubio, Brian Le, Jennifer Philip, Andrew A Somogyi","doi":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2430161","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14622416.2024.2430161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the associations between <i>CYP2D6</i> and <i>CYP3A4</i> polymorphisms, plasma oxycodone and metabolite concentrations, and oxycodone response (dose, pain scores, and adverse effects) in people with pain from advanced cancer.</p><p><strong>Patients & methods: </strong>This multi-center prospective cohort study included clinical data, questionnaires (pain and adverse effects), and blood (pharmacokinetics, DNA). Negative binomial regression and logistic regression were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 33 participants, there were no differences in oxycodone response between CYP2D6 intermediate/poor metabolisers compared to normal metabolisers.Higher plasma noroxycodone and noroxycodone/oxycodone concentration ratios had higher odds of uncontrolled average pain (OR 2.44 (95%CI 1.00-5.95), <i>p</i> = 0.05 and OR 10.48 (95%CI 1.42-77.15), <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no observed benefit in <i>CYP2D6</i> genotyping in oxycodone response, however monitoring noroxycodone and oxymorphone concentrations warrant further examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20018,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics","volume":" ","pages":"579-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}