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Biotemplated Archaella Nanoswimmers 生物模板化古菌纳米游泳者
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-09-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00924
Sophie Jermyn, Arianna Escalona, Leili Hayati, Shubham Bisht, Ashley Carr, Jamel Ali
{"title":"Biotemplated Archaella Nanoswimmers","authors":"Sophie Jermyn,&nbsp;Arianna Escalona,&nbsp;Leili Hayati,&nbsp;Shubham Bisht,&nbsp;Ashley Carr,&nbsp;Jamel Ali","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, archaella of the halophilic archaeon <em>Halobacterium salinarum</em> are implemented as biotemplates to fabricate nanoscale cargo delivery vehicles capable of precise magnetic actuation in low-Reynolds number fluids. Mesoporous silica is deposited onto the surface of archaella using a sol-gel method to thicknesses between 400 and 900 nm, creating a porous bioinert nanostructure. Following deposition of a thin film of nickel, swimming dynamics were investigated, and a maximum average swimming velocity of a few microns per second was achieved using a low-strength uniform rotating magnetic field. The nanoswimmers are shown to efficiently navigate low-Reynolds number fluids under open loop control. This approach establishes extremophile-derived biological architectures as versatile templates for the synthesis of functional nanoscale materials and provides a facile, cost-effective method for fabrication of controllable nanoswimmers, expanding biotemplating beyond conventional bacterial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 10","pages":"3008–3014"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Criteria for Justifying High-Entropy Complexity in Catalytic Cancer Therapy 证明催化癌症治疗中高熵复杂性的标准
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00660
Md. Sayem Hossain, Shakhawat H. Firoz
{"title":"Criteria for Justifying High-Entropy Complexity in Catalytic Cancer Therapy","authors":"Md. Sayem Hossain,&nbsp;Shakhawat H. Firoz","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-entropy nanomaterials (HEMs) are advancing catalytic cancer therapy. The prevailing view treats entropy as a performance-enhancing design parameter, assuming it improves activity by broadening active-site chemistries. This review reframes that view as an oversimplification, positioning entropy as a contingent design variable realized only when it resolves durability or robustness limitations beyond lower-entropy materials, not as a general-purpose performance multiplier. Tumor microenvironment constraints—acidity, hypoxia, redox imbalance, and glutathione abundance—limit conventional nanoagents' durability. Under such constraints, entropy-stabilized atomic heterogeneity can generate distributed active sites, electronic delocalization, and resistance to thiol-induced deactivation, enabling functional coexistence beyond compositional additivity. Multifunctionality introduces trade-offs: reduced selectivity, uncontrolled reactive oxygen species generation, and active-site interference. HEMs are justified only when entropy is essential for catalytic persistence under competing biological constraints, not when it merely correlates with improved activity in a single assay. Rigorous benchmarks—phase stability, durability, and lower-entropy comparators—should guide design toward safe, translational deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 10","pages":"2817–2824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomaterial-Assisted Strategies to Improve Islet Encapsulation and Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy 生物材料辅助策略改善胰岛包封和移植治疗1型糖尿病
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00481
Haofei Li, Peihua Long, Wenxuan Qin, Xingyu Chen, Chuanlong Liao, Haoting Shi, Yang Liu, Lu Gao
{"title":"Biomaterial-Assisted Strategies to Improve Islet Encapsulation and Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy","authors":"Haofei Li,&nbsp;Peihua Long,&nbsp;Wenxuan Qin,&nbsp;Xingyu Chen,&nbsp;Chuanlong Liao,&nbsp;Haoting Shi,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Lu Gao","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but its clinical application is limited by host immune rejection and insufficient mass transfer. Biomaterial-assisted strategies hold the potential to address these challenges by providing an immune-isolated microenvironment and facilitating nutrient and oxygen supplementation. Therefore, this review outlines the primary bottlenecks in islet transplantation and then discusses current biomaterial engineering approaches to overcome them. Specifically, we summarize advanced encapsulation techniques utilizing diverse biomaterials for immune isolation and highlight tailored material designs aimed at mitigating drawbacks like foreign body reactions and increased oxygen diffusion distances. Furthermore, biomaterial-based methods to accelerate mass transfer and induce vascularization for enhancing islet survival are discussed. Finally, future development trends in biomaterials for islet encapsulation and transplantation are prospected. This review is expected to provide valuable insights into biomaterial design strategies, inspiring innovative solutions for treating T1DM through improved islet encapsulation and transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2462–2489"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148923766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Documenting the Synthesis Chemistry of Sulfide-Based Argyrodite Solid-State Electrolytes 硫化物基银柱石固态电解质的合成化学研究
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00726
Xianyong Zhang, Jinggu Huang, Yitao Liu, Enlan Deng, Jianfang Yang, Chunzhen Yang, Xia Lu
{"title":"Documenting the Synthesis Chemistry of Sulfide-Based Argyrodite Solid-State Electrolytes","authors":"Xianyong Zhang,&nbsp;Jinggu Huang,&nbsp;Yitao Liu,&nbsp;Enlan Deng,&nbsp;Jianfang Yang,&nbsp;Chunzhen Yang,&nbsp;Xia Lu","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the core component of sulfide solid-state batteries, the solid-state synthesis of the sulfide-based argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl (LPSC) solid electrolyte involves complex chemical reactions and intermediate phases, which remain rarely documented. Herein, we employ X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and solid-state NMR to monitor the phase evolution during sintering. Owing to the high volatility of P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>, stoichiometric imbalance occurs during heating, leading to impurities. By conducting the reaction in a sealed container with a suitable excess of P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>, phase-pure LPSC is obtained, which exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.2 mS cm<sup>–1</sup>. Moreover, standardized procedures for ionic conductivity measurements and all-solid-state battery testing are established. The LPSC-based battery with an NCM613 cathode and Li–In anode delivers a capacity retention of 96.6% after 260 cycles at 0.1C. This work clarifies the synthesis chemistry of argyrodite electrolytes and offers a scalable route to high-performance sulfide solid electrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2798–2806"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148923827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activation Energy of Self-Trapped Excitons in Ruddlesden–Popper ACE2PbBr4 Perovskite under Hydrostatic Pressure 静水压力下rudlesden - popper ACE2PbBr4钙钛矿中自困激子的活化能
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00564
Filip Dybała, Jakub Ziembicki, Mirosław Mączka, Robert Kudrawiec
{"title":"Activation Energy of Self-Trapped Excitons in Ruddlesden–Popper ACE2PbBr4 Perovskite under Hydrostatic Pressure","authors":"Filip Dybała,&nbsp;Jakub Ziembicki,&nbsp;Mirosław Mączka,&nbsp;Robert Kudrawiec","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-trapped excitons (STEs) are often observed in two-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, and they are characterized by a very large Stokes shift (200–800 meV) and an activation energy of ∼50–120 meV. Due to the high softness of organic–inorganic perovskites, their properties are often studied under high hydrostatic pressure, but the effect of pressure on the activation energy of STEs has not been studied so far. In this work, we investigated how the activation energy of STEs depends on the hydrostatic pressure for the Ruddlesden–Popper ACE<sub>2</sub>PbBr<sub>4</sub> perovskite. By increasing the pressure to 2.6 GPa, the activation energy was observed to decrease from ∼100 to ∼25 meV. The observed changes can be explained quite well using a configuration diagram, which is widely used to explain STEs and free exciton emissions in organic–inorganic perovskites.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2687–2693"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148923963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automated Three-Dimensional Piezoresponse Force Microscopy for Polarization-Vector Mapping at the Nanoscale 用于纳米级偏振矢量映射的自动三维压电响应力显微镜
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-09 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00558
Ralph Bulanadi, Marti Checa, Michelle Wang, Franck Rothen, John Lasseter, Sumner B. Harris, Daniel Sando, Valanoor Nagarajan, Liam Collins, Stephen Jesse, Rama Vasudevan, Yongtao Liu
{"title":"Automated Three-Dimensional Piezoresponse Force Microscopy for Polarization-Vector Mapping at the Nanoscale","authors":"Ralph Bulanadi,&nbsp;Marti Checa,&nbsp;Michelle Wang,&nbsp;Franck Rothen,&nbsp;John Lasseter,&nbsp;Sumner B. Harris,&nbsp;Daniel Sando,&nbsp;Valanoor Nagarajan,&nbsp;Liam Collins,&nbsp;Stephen Jesse,&nbsp;Rama Vasudevan,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The functional properties of ferroelectric materials are strongly influenced by their polarization orientation; as such, precise characterization of polarization vectors is important to ferroelectrics research. Here, we develop a fully automated three-dimensional piezoresponse force microscopy (Auto-3DPFM) technique, which integrates all essential steps in interferometric PFM for 3D polarization vector characterization, including laser alignment, tip calibration and approach, image acquisition, polarization vector reconstruction, and visualization. The automation reduces the experimental burden of ferroelectric polarization vector characterization, while continual calibration ensures consistency and reproducibility of 3D polarization reconstruction. An algorithmic workflow is also developed to identify domain walls and calculate their characteristic angles via a spatial vector-angle-difference method, presenting one capability enabled by Auto-3DPFM and inaccessible through traditional PFM techniques. When integrated with machine learning and adaptive sampling strategies in self-driving labs, Auto-3DPFM serves as a valuable tool for advancing ferroelectric physics and microelectronics development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2672–2680"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Materials for Additive Manufacturing 增材制造的可持续材料
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00634
Natanel Jarach, Hanna Dodiuk, Samuel Kenig, Shlomo Magdassi
{"title":"Sustainable Materials for Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Natanel Jarach,&nbsp;Hanna Dodiuk,&nbsp;Samuel Kenig,&nbsp;Shlomo Magdassi","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Additive manufacturing has revolutionized polymer material engineering, yet it remains heavily reliant on petroleum-based polymers and non-recyclable thermosets, particularly in vat-photopolymerization. This review evaluates the ongoing transition toward sustainable 3D printing and identifies a critical “functionalization paradox”: the chemical modifications required to make bio-derived feedstocks printable often increase their carbon footprint and compromise their inherent biodegradability. Herein, we categorize sustainable materials through a two-pronged circularity roadmap. First, after reviewing bio-based functionalized monomers, we review inherently reactive bio-monomers, such as lipoic acid derivatives, which bypass synthetic modification to enable rapid polymerization and closed-loop chemical depolymerization. Second, we review covalent adaptable networks (CANs) as a potential solution for thermosets that require synthetic functionalization, providing a pathway to reprocessability. Finally, we conclude that achieving truly circular 3D printing requires a fundamental shift in design philosophy: moving from the functionalization of biomass to the exploration of natural molecular architecture and dynamic network topologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2490–2513"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly Emissive Chiral Copper(I) Iodide Hybrid Materials for X-ray Imaging Scintillators 用于x射线成像闪烁体的高发射手性碘化铜杂化材料
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00700
Xueqian Wu, Jingwen Chen, Minghui Zhang, Xiaodong Gu, Yongfei Wang, Xiuze Hei, Jing Li
{"title":"Highly Emissive Chiral Copper(I) Iodide Hybrid Materials for X-ray Imaging Scintillators","authors":"Xueqian Wu,&nbsp;Jingwen Chen,&nbsp;Minghui Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Gu,&nbsp;Yongfei Wang,&nbsp;Xiuze Hei,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00700","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chiral luminescent materials integrating strong emission and efficient X-ray scintillation hold great promise for multifunctional optoelectronic applications, yet their design remains challenging. Herein, we report a series of zero-dimensional enantiomeric pairs of copper(I) iodide-based organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, constructed from chiral 1-methoxyethyl pyridine ligands. These compounds exhibit intense photoluminescence with quantum yields up to 96%. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the emission originates from multiple excited states with significant dependence on cuprophilic interactions. When used as X-ray scintillators, compound <em>S</em>-1 exhibits high radioluminescence light yield, excellent stability, and outstanding spatial resolution. Coupled with its polarization characteristics from chiral structures, these results demonstrate the considerable potential of such materials as high-performance multifunctional scintillators for advanced radiation detection and imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2789–2797"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topologically Engineered DNA Origami: Responsive Locking of DNA Quadrilateral for Biosensing Application 拓扑工程DNA折纸:生物传感应用的DNA四边形响应锁定
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00419
Qiuyan Huang, Kun Wang, Xingye Zheng, Hua Chai, Peng Miao
{"title":"Topologically Engineered DNA Origami: Responsive Locking of DNA Quadrilateral for Biosensing Application","authors":"Qiuyan Huang,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Xingye Zheng,&nbsp;Hua Chai,&nbsp;Peng Miao","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>DNA nanotechnology offers unique opportunities for creating various accurate and responsive nanostructures. Nevertheless, large-scale conformational changes with high geometric precision and efficiency remain major challenges. Herein we report a topologically engineered DNA origami that undergoes a dramatic transformation from a flexible, shape-indeterminate polygon into a fixed sharply angled rhombus. The DNA quadrilateral nanostructure is first built from a six-helix bundle backbone incorporating three hinge regions to confer mechanical flexibility. Sticky ends at opposing corners are designed as programmable docking domains. A facile catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit triggered by target miRNA generates duplex lockers that bridge these docking domains, collapsing the DNA quadrilateral into a locked conformation of sharply angled rhombus. Such geometry brings adjacent Cy3−Cy5 couples within the Förster distance. Fluorescence spectra are thus analyzed, which provide a quantitative readout of target miRNA information. A generalizable strategy is established for linking molecular recognition to large-scale DNA nanostructural reconfiguration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2572–2579"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148923715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrical Manipulation of Multistate Noncollinear Antiferromagnet for All-Electrical Synapses in Digital Recognition 数字识别中多态非共线反铁磁体对全电突触的电操纵
IF 8.6 1区 化学
ACS Materials Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00532
Zidong Wang, Chengyun Li, Ruizhi Ren, Yuwen Li, Hua Xu, Yan Liu
{"title":"Electrical Manipulation of Multistate Noncollinear Antiferromagnet for All-Electrical Synapses in Digital Recognition","authors":"Zidong Wang,&nbsp;Chengyun Li,&nbsp;Ruizhi Ren,&nbsp;Yuwen Li,&nbsp;Hua Xu,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.6c00532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spin-orbit torque devices have garnered significant attention in neuromorphic computing due to their ability to effectively simulate artificial synapses, with multistate switching beyond binary states emerging as a growing demand. However, existing multistate switching primarily relies on either cascading multiple binary devices or utilizing magnetic domain wall motion, suffering from structural complexity, weak read signals, and high energy consumption. Our theoretical study presents a Pt/NiF<sub>2</sub>/Pt trilayer model based on a noncollinear antiferromagnet with four degenerate ground states, whose advantage is its electrically controlled four-state switching within a single device. This four-state switching simulates the synaptic functions of long-term depression and long-term potentiation. The artificial neural network built on the trilayer model achieved a recognition rate of 99.5% in retraining for digit recognition tasks while realizing low power consumption and high integration. This study demonstrates that multistate antiferromagnet-based spin-orbit torque device models provide a promising theoretical route for brain-inspired computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"8 9","pages":"2655–2662"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148923726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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