{"title":"Balancing of fault tolerance in the new version of the FERMI Channel chip: a functional evaluation","authors":"A. Antola, L. Breveglieri","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572031","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype of the \"Channel chip\" of the FERMI microsystem has been designed and fabricated (version 1, 1994), being currently under test (1995-96). Future implementations (version 11, 1996) require a structural refinement and a reduction of dimension of the chip. These modifications require in turn a redistribution and a redesign of the implemented fault tolerance features. In this paper guide-lines for this task are presented and a proposal is discussed.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122805213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimising high-level synthesis for self-checking arithmetic circuits","authors":"A. Antola, V. Piuri, M. Sami","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction of self-checking capacity in arithmetic systems since the initial steps of high-level synthesis is taken into account, as an alternative to conventional solutions that adopt ad-hoc coding or comparable techniques after the register-level architecture has been fully defined. A technique based on initial partitioning of the Data Flow Graph into detectable subgraphs is proposed, by which all single errors appearing within one subgraph are detected; an algorithm leading to optimize resource sharing (allocation and binding of both functional units and registers) while keeping minimum latency and optimum number of checkers is discussed.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114871694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive modeling of VLSI test","authors":"T. Ziaja, E. Swartzlander","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572021","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive models for test traditionally focus on the defect level leaving the test process, while ignoring the Type I error which occurs when the test fails good circuits. This paper presents a general framework for understanding test processes, all of which exhibit both Type I and Type II errors. The application of this framework to published models for test is developed within this general framework, illustrating its usefulness in describing various types of tests. The use of this framework in including the effect of Type I error is then demonstrated and references to its application, including Type I error, to an actual manufacturing test process are provided.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130145796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nikolos, H. T. Vergos, Antonis Vazaios, Spyros Voulgaris
{"title":"Yield-performance tradeoffs for VLSI processors with partially good two-level on-chip caches","authors":"D. Nikolos, H. T. Vergos, Antonis Vazaios, Spyros Voulgaris","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571989","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a yield model for single chip VLSI processors with two level on-chip caches is derived. Using this model and trace driven simulations the distribution of the faulty cache blocks into the first and second level caches can be determined so as to achieve a significant yield enhancement with the minimum performance degradation.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130708001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tree checkers for applications with low power-delay requirements","authors":"C. Metra, M. Favalli, B. Riccò","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572027","url":null,"abstract":"Low power consumption is emerging as a major design constraint in several digital applications, out of which some present also high reliability requirements, that can be satisfied by the use of self-checking circuits. In this context, this paper suggests a method to reduce the power-delay product of CMOS checkers with a tree structure, without affecting their self-testing ability with respect to realistic faults.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"71 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A statistical parametric and probe yield analysis methodology [IC manufacture]","authors":"A. Wong","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a fast and effective parametric analysis methodology for identifying and quantifying parametric sensitivity of the product yield in a semiconductor process. Starting with over 100 parametric parameters typically, this parametric analysis methodology is able to isolate the top five parametric problems that have significant yield impact. It also able to translate the parametric problems to fab process module problems that can be fixed by fab process engineers. The proposed methodology separates the product yield into two major components: a non-random systematic yield Y/sub s/ and a random yield Y/sub r/. It calculates statistics for all ET (Electrical Test) parameters and identifies the critical yield limited factors based on the analysis of the statistical significance of the data groups. The proposed methodology is capable of determining the yield impacts of the parametric sensitive parameters, and it is also capable of identifying the causes of the parametric yield losses. Based on the results of the parametric analyses, it will propose a detail plan to improve the systematic yield. Applications of the proposed parametric and probe yield analysis methodology to many manufacturing lines' data show great success in identifying and quantifying parametric yield sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125758609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction of critical areas for opens in large VLSI circuits","authors":"W. Pleskacz, C. Ouyang, Wojciech Maly","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571981","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new algorithm for the extraction of the critical area for opens. The presented algorithm allows for the analysis of large ICs and non-Manhattan geometry. Concept of the contact/via contacting regions is proposed and its relevance is discussed. Illustrative examples of the proposed algorithm are presented.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132412043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault probability prediction for array based designs","authors":"D. Gaitonde, Wojciech Maly, D. Walker","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571982","url":null,"abstract":"Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are frequently implemented using a fixed base array personalized with metal interconnect permitting rapid turnaround. For any particular design, the array cannot be fully-utilized. Due to limitations on gate, routing, and pin resources, or the limited number of array sizes. In some array designs, such as sea-of-gates, 100% array utilization is nor possible since much of the array area will be used for routing. This partial array utilization makes yield prediction difficult. Traditional area-based yield models underestimate array yield since they assume that all defects that occur in unused portions of the array will be fatal, when most will not. Reducing the critical area by the utilization factor will overestimate yield, since some defects cause fatal circuit faults even when they occur in unused sections of the array. These yield errors can result in uncompetitive designs and lost profits. Accurate prediction of array-based ASIC yield requires an understanding of how defects interact with the base array and its personalization to cause fatal circuit faults. In this paper we describe a methodology to accurately predict the probability of fatal faults and yield in array-based ASICs using the DEFAM defect to fault mapper. We demonstrate the use of this methodology on several versions of a sea-of-gates array design, showing how traditional methods both overestimate and underestimate the actual yield.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"32 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade-offs between yield and reliability enhancement [VLSI]","authors":"Arunshankar Venkataraman, I. Koren","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.571993","url":null,"abstract":"Deep sub-micron VLSI technologies have led to a large increase in the number of devices per die as well as the switching speeds. These advances have been accompanied by increased design complexity and decreasing reliability. Scaling of the device dimensions has introduced \"analog\" effects on-chip that are causing signal integrity and delay problems. These problems are not easy to estimate and reduce after the VLSI layout has been finalized for fabrication and hence new CAD techniques are being proposed to tackle this problem up-front. Similarly, vastly increased manufacturing complexities have made manufacturing costs soar, and therefore chip yields need to be increased to cut losses due to manufacturing flaws. Extensive research has been done to suggest CAD solutions for reliability and yield enhancement, but these have treated the two as disjoint issues, and raised the thought-provoking question about their relationship. In this paper, we attempt to answer this question using crosstalk minimization and yield enhancement techniques, as applied to the VLSI layout as a case study. We study the trade-offs between yield and reliability enhancement by using a weighted average of both objectives as the cost function.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121073490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mojoli, D. Salvi, M. Sami, G. Sechi, R. Stefanelli
{"title":"KITE: a behavioural approach to fault-tolerance in FPGA-based systems","authors":"G. Mojoli, D. Salvi, M. Sami, G. Sechi, R. Stefanelli","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1996.572040","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to fault-tolerance in FPGAs is presented, based on multiple modular redundancy techniques that allows the designer to make full use of conventional CAD tools, avoiding low-level mapping problems and choosing-for the functions to which the approach is applied-the level of granularity best suited to the individual application. The single-fault model is considered insufficient, in view of experience gathered: thus the technique adopted allows one to detect up to two initial faults or to recover from up to two faults appearing sequentially in time. The structure proposed for the arbiter subsystem allows one to detect a large number of faults appearing in the arbiter as well; probability of faults appearing in the hard-core section is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":199861,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124710350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}