Pathology & Oncology Research最新文献

{"title":"Intraoperative pyloric drainage is unnecessary during esophagectomies: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Armand Csontos, Dávid Németh, Lajos Szakó, Gergő Berke, Dóra Lili Sindler, Dávid Berki, Csenge Papp, Péter Hegyi, András Vereczkei, András Papp","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611823","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The topic of this meta-analysis is the comparison of gastric conduit esophageal reconstructions with or without pyloroplasty. <b>Background:</b> Surgical procedures, especially minimal invasive esophagectomy (MIE) can be a curative treatment in the early stages of esophageal cancer. Previously, intraoperative pyloroplasty was routinely performed, but nowadays it became debated again in the light of minimally invasive esophagectomy. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search was performed in multiple databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the topic. Two independent authors performed the selection based on predefined criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to assess any significant difference, then the bias and quality of the data were estimated. <b>Results:</b> Nine relevant RCTs consisting of 529 patients with esophageal cancer were identified. No significance was found in mortality [odds ratio (OR): 0.85; <i>p</i> = 0.642], anastomosis leakage (OR: 0.57; <i>p</i> = 0.254), respiratory morbidity (OR: 0.51; <i>p</i> = 0.214) and vomiting (OR: 0.74; <i>p</i> = 0.520), however the results about gastric emptying time (GET) were controversial (weighted mean difference (WMD): -67.71; <i>p</i> = 0.009, OR: 2.75; <i>p</i> = 0.072). Significant heterogeneity was not detected except for GET. Trial sequential analyses (TSA) show that a certain conclusion would require more data except in the binary variables of GET. <b>Conclusion:</b> We conclude that the pyloric drainage procedure is not routinely necessary, but further well-designed studies would be needed, especially in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with alternative <i>HEY1::NCOA2</i> fusions in the sella turcica.","authors":"Satsuki Kishikawa, Akihide Kondo, Takashi Yao, Tsuyoshi Saito","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611730","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma that occurs at widespread anatomical locations, such as bone, soft tissue, and intracranial sites. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most common origins of extraosseous MCS. However, alternative <i>HEY1::NCOA2</i> fusions have not been reported in this tumor.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report a case of intracranial MCS with <i>HEY1::NCOA2</i> rearrangement. A 52-year-old woman presented with a 15-mm calcified mass around the sella turcica. She initially underwent transsphenoidal surgery for tumor resection and then additional resections for five local recurrences over 5 years. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small round to spindle-shaped cells admixed with well-differentiated hyaline cartilaginous islands. A hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern and small sinusoid-like vessels were also observed. RNA sequencing using RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from the last operation revealed two alternative variants of the <i>HEY1::NCOA2</i> fusion: <i>HEY1</i>(ex4)::<i>NCOA2</i> (ex13) and <i>HEY1</i>(ex4)::<i>NCOA2</i>(ex14). Both variants were confirmed as in-frame fusions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Cartilaginous components were often not apparent during the recurrences. In addition to the non-typical pathological finding, the correct diagnosis was hampered by the poor RNA quality of the surgical specimens and non-specific STAT6 nuclear staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first reported case of intracranial MCS with an alternative <i>HEY1::NCOA2</i> fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular genetic investigation of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients in the Southern Transdanubian region: widening the mutation spectrum and searching for new pathogenic variants using next-generation methods.","authors":"László Baráti, Anita Maász, Alexandra Mikó, Éva Bércesi, Sultan Al Kalbani, Judit Bene, Sebestyén Kovács, László Mangel, Kinga Hadzsiev","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611813","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is a well-known genetic condition, inherited mainly in an autosomal dominant way, which elevates the risk of developing malignancies at a young age in heterozygous carriers. Advances in new generation sequencing have enabled medical professionals to determine whether a patient is harbouring mutations in moderate- or high penetrance susceptibility genes. We conducted a retrospective analysis among 275 patients who underwent genetic counselling and multigene panel testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in our department. From these patients 74.5% (205/275) were affected by some type of malignancy, while the remaining 25.5% (70/275) had a positive family history of different cancers, suggesting a genetic predisposition. These tests confirmed a genetic variant in 29.8% and 28.6% of these patient groups respectively. The results also mirrored our general knowledge concerning the genetic background of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, as variants in either one of the <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes proved to be the most common cause among our patients with 41.5%. Our test also detected a novel mutation in the <i>CDH1</i> gene and three patients with double heterozygosity in two different susceptibility genes. This study demonstrates the relevance of genetic counselling and non-<i>BRCA</i> gene sequencing among cancer patients and patients who fulfil the criteria for genetic testing, while also providing important details about the genetic profile of Hungarian patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Association between pathological characteristics and recurrence score by OncotypeDX in resected T1-3 and N0-1 breast cancer: a real-life experience of a North Hungarian regional center.","authors":"Dániel Deme, Bálint Ferenc Tamaskovics, Nizar Jammoul, Sándor Kovács, Kmmanuel Oladunjoye Kayode, James W Grice, András Telekes","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/pore.2024.1611862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611735.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified clock mapping biopsy sec. Della Corte-Bifulco in the preoperative assessment of excisional surgery for vulvar Paget's disease.","authors":"Luigi Della Corte, Mario Ascione, Giuseppe Bifulco","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611803","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have developed a biopsy technique aimed at preoperative evaluating the extent of Paget's vulvar disease in order to plan subsequent radical vulvar surgery. The aim is to find all possible lesion sites that are not visible macroscopically, to obtain a clear evaluation of the disease spread and to tailor the radical surgical procedure to remove even microscopic lesions, avoiding recurrences and excessively destructive surgery, adopting as conservative an approach as possible. We used this procedure for the first time to establish the radicality of the surgical intervention in a 68-year-old patient initially suffering from a single invasive vulvar Paget's lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11228168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of lung immune prognostic index in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Yi Wang, Yu Lei, Delai Zheng, Yanhui Yang, Lei Luo, Ji Li, Xiaoyang Xie","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611773","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Until now, it has been difficult to accurately predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A novel indicator, the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), has shown relatively high prognostic value in patients with solid cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to further identify the association between LIPI and the survival of patients with NSCLC who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Several electronic databases were searched for available publications up to April 23, 2023. Immunotherapy outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis based on the study design and comparison of the LIPI was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this meta-analysis, 21 studies with 9,010 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that elevated LIPI was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.50, 95% CI:2.09-2.99, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.64-1.91, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses stratified by study design (retrospective vs. prospective) and comparison of LIPI (1 vs. 0, 2 vs. 0, 1-2 vs. 0, 2 vs. 1 vs. 0, 2 vs. 0-1 and 2 vs. 1) showed similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LIPI could serve as a novel and reliable prognostic factor in NSCLC treated with ICIs, and elevated LIPI predicts worse prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing neoadjuvant therapies in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: implications for novel treatment strategies and biomarker discovery.","authors":"Hyein Jeon, Rajvi Gor, Angelica D'Aiello, Brendon Stiles, Peter B Illei, Balazs Halmos","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611817","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The delivery of neoadjuvant and perioperative therapies for non-small cell lung cancer has been radically altered by significant advances and by the incorporation of targeted therapies as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or alongside conventional chemotherapy. This evolution has been particularly notable in the incorporation of immunotherapy and targeted therapy into the treatment of resectable NSCLC, where recent FDA approvals of drugs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, in combination with platinum doublet chemotherapy, have led to considerable improvements in pathological complete response rates and the potential for enhanced long-term survival outcomes. This review emphasizes the growing importance of biomarkers in optimizing treatment selection and explores the impact of emerging studies that challenge existing treatment paradigms and investigate novel therapeutic combinations poised to redefine standard of care practices. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the unmet needs within perioperative treatment assessment and prognostication, highlighting the prospective value of biomarkers in evaluating treatment responses and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rapidly changing field of predictive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"László József Tóth, Attila Mokánszki, Gábor Méhes","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611733","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in both men and women, however mortality in the US and EU are recently declining in parallel with the gradual cut of smoking prevalence. Consequently, the relative frequency of adenocarcinoma increased while that of squamous and small cell carcinomas declined. During the last two decades a plethora of targeted drug therapies have appeared for the treatment of metastasizing non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Personalized oncology aims to precisely match patients to treatments with the highest potential of success. Extensive research is done to introduce biomarkers which can predict the effectiveness of a specific targeted therapeutic approach. The EGFR signaling pathway includes several sufficient targets for the treatment of human cancers including NSCLC. Lung adenocarcinoma may harbor both activating and resistance mutations of the EGFR gene, and further, mutations of KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Less frequent but targetable genetic alterations include ALK, ROS1, RET gene rearrangements, and various alterations of MET proto-oncogene. In addition, the importance of anti-tumor immunity and of tumor microenvironment has become evident recently. Accumulation of mutations generally trigger tumor specific immune defense, but immune protection may be upregulated as an aggressive feature. The blockade of immune checkpoints results in potential reactivation of tumor cell killing and induces significant tumor regression in various tumor types, such as lung carcinoma. Therapeutic responses to anti PD1-PD-L1 treatment may correlate with the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells. Due to the wide range of diagnostic and predictive features in lung cancer a plenty of tests are required from a single small biopsy or cytology specimen, which is challenged by major issues of sample quantity and quality. Thus, the efficacy of biomarker testing should be warranted by standardized policy and optimal material usage. In this review we aim to discuss major targeted therapy-related biomarkers in NSCLC and testing possibilities comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic significance of keloid-like collagen remodeling patterns in the extracellular matrix of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Nauryzbay M Imanbayev, Yerbolat M Iztleuov, Yevgeniy K Kamyshanskiy, Aigul V Zhumasheva","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611789","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The desmoplastic reaction is considered a promising prognostic parameter for colorectal cancer. However, intermediate desmoplastic reaction is characterized by sizeable stromal heterogeneity, including both small amounts of keloid-like collagen (KC) in the fibrotic stroma and thick tufts of KC circumferentially surrounding cancer nests and occupying most of the fields of view. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of KC histophenotyping with a quantitative visual assessment of its presence in the stroma of the invasive margin of TNM (The \"tumor-node-metastasis\" classification) stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>175 resected tumors from patients with TNM stage II/III CRC were examined. Keloid-like collagen was assessed according to Ueno H. criteria. KC was assessed at the primary tumor invasive margin using Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The cut-off point for KC was examined using \"the best cutoff approach by log-rank test.\" Using a cutoff point of 30%, we histologically divided fibrous stroma in the invasive area into two groups: \"type A\"-KC ≤ 0.3 and \"type B\"-KC>0.3. Type A stroma was observed in 48% of patients, type B-in 52%. The association between collagen amount and 5-year recurrence-free survival (5-RFS) was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess the significance of survival analysis. Analysis of categorical variables showed that increased KC in CRC stroma predicted adverse outcomes for 5-RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.143, 95%, confidence interval [CI] = 1.643-6.012, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Moreover, in Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test showed that type B exhibited worse 5-RFS than type A (<i>p</i> = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KC is an independent predictor of 5-year overall and RFS in patients with TNM stage II/III CRC treated with surgery, with worse survival rates when the amount of KC increases by >30%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage: representative of the low atypia differentiated gastric tumor and Ki67 may help in their identification.","authors":"Houqiang Li, Lanqing Zheng, Guodong Zhong, Xunbin Yu, Xia Zhang, Linying Chen, Xin Chen","doi":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611734","DOIUrl":"10.3389/pore.2024.1611734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric epithelial neoplasm of the fundic-gland mucosa lineages (GEN-FGMLs) are rare forms of gastric tumors that encompass oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA), gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GA-FG), and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland mucosa type (GA-FGM). There is no consensus on the cause, classification, and clinicopathological features of GEN-FGMLs, and misdiagnosis is common because of similarities in symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>37 cases diagnosed with GEN-FGMLs were included in this study. H&E-stained slides were reviewed and clinicopathological parameters were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10, CD56, synaptophysin, chromograninA, p53, Ki67, pepsinogen-I, H⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Desmin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' ages ranged from 42 to 79 years, with a median age of 60. 17 were male and 20 were female. Morphologically, 19 OGAs, 16 GA-FGs, and two GA-FGMs were identified. Histopathological similarities exist between OGA, GA-FG, and GA-FGM. The tumors demonstrated well-formed glands, expanding with dense growth patterns comprising pale, blue-grey columnar cells with mild nuclear atypia. These cells resembled fundic gland cells. None of the OGA invaded the submucosal layer. The normal gastric pit epithelium covered the entire surface of the OGA and GA-FG, but the dysplasia pit epithelium covered the GA-FGM. Non-atrophic gastritis was observed in more than half of the background mucosa. All cases were diffusely positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen-I on immunohistochemistry. H⁺/K⁺-ATPase staining was negative or showed a scattered pattern in most cases. MUC5AC was expressed on the surface of GA-FGMs. p53 was focally expressed and the Ki67 index was low (1%-20%). Compared with OGA, GA-FG and GA-FGM were more prominent in the macroscopic view (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and had larger sizes (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Additionally, GA-FG and GA-FGM exhibited higher Ki67 indices than OGA (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Specimens with Ki-67 proliferation indices >2.5% and size >4.5 mm are more likely to be diagnosed with GA-FG and GA-FGM than OGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GEN-FGMLs are group of well-differentiated gastric tumors with favourable biological behaviours, low cellular atypia, and low proliferation. Immunohistochemistry is critical for confirming diagnosis. Compared with OGA, GA-FG and GA-FGM have larger sizes and higher Ki67 proliferation indices, indicating that they play a critical role in the identification of GEN-FGML. Pathologists and endoscopists should be cautious to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment, especially in biopsy specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19981,"journal":{"name":"Pathology & Oncology Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"1611734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}