SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora最新文献

{"title":"PENERAPAN METODE PEMBERIAN TUGAS PADA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH (PJJ) MATA PELAJARAN IPS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETUNTASAN BELAJAR SISWA DI SMPN 1 MARGAHAYU KAB. BANDUNG","authors":"Euis Ani Arlinah","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v8i1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v8i1.96","url":null,"abstract":"This Classroom Action Research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Margahayu class IX-H. the author examines the problems faced by students in social studies learning, especially to achieve complete learning. In this case the author uses the assignment method for online learning or distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to see whether the application of the assignment method can help students achieve complete learning. The author held treatment with 3 cycles of learning activities. In the first cycle student learning completeness is worth 62%, namely there are 17 students out of 45 students who have not achieved the KKM value and the assessment in the second cycle of student learning completeness is 77%, namely there are 10 students who have not achieved the KKM value and in the third cycle it increased rapidly to 93 %, namely only 3 people who have not reached the KKM score. From the results of the study, it was concluded that this assignment method was able to help achieve student learning completeness at school.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117228185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES IN THE DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD TEXT BY RENE DESCARTES","authors":"Seprudin","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v8i1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v8i1.78","url":null,"abstract":"The Objective of the study is to know about the process of inflectional affixes changing in the “Discourse on the Method Text by Rene Descartes”. This study applied qualitative method. This analysis used theory of George Yule, O’Grady and Guzman, and Mc-Carty. This study discussed about inflectional affixes changing based on Comparative, Superlative and Past tense form. The result of this studies is inflectional affixes changing occur in comparative, superlative and past tense form in the Discourse on the Method Text by Rene Descartes.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124207132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORIOGRAFI MANAQIB SYEKH ABDUL QADIR JAILANI & PERKEMBANGANNYA DI INDONESIA","authors":"Budi Sujati","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.59","url":null,"abstract":"Dalam tradisi penulisan sejarah (historiografi) kemanusiaan yang lebih detail dengan tema penulisan karomah telah ada semenjak abad ke 4 H/ 10 M. Adapun kitab-kitabnya dinamakan dengan sebutan al-manaqib yang penggunaan populernya adalah karomah. Salah satunya adalah karomah Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani yang banyak mendapat pengikut di dunia Islam khususnya di Indonesia. Keistimewaan-keistimewaan yang didapatkan oleh Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani dari Allah SWT merupakan sebagai bukti bahwa manusia yang dianggap suci dan bersih dan terpilih akan mendapatkan sebuah karomah sebagai representasi dari bukti kebesaran sang pemilik dunia. Banyak sekali peristiwa-peristiwa aneh yang dialami oleh Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani yang menurut kaum positifistik-materialistik tidak mungkin terjadi dan berada diluar akal manusia menjadi perdebatan hingga sekarang. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan (explanation) mulai dari peristiwa-peristiwa yang dialami oleh Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani, manaqib menurut Islam dan perkembangan munculnya Manaqib Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani di Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENERAPAN METODE ‘TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE’ UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA SDN 2 ARJASARI","authors":"Ahmad Fauzan","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris siswa SD N 2 Arjasari Kecamatan Patrol Kabupaten Indramayu melalui Metode ‘Total Physical Response (TPR)’ Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagaimana penerapan metode TPR dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi berbahasa Inggris secara aktif  bagi siswa sekolah dasar khususnya di Desa Arjasari. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitiannnya adalah Siswa Kelas IV SD N 2 Arjasari Patrol Indramayu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan tes. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan tes objektif pilihan ganda.  Penelitian ini menerapkan teknik deskriptif kualitatif sebagai metode analisis datanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan proses pembelajaran Siswa SD N 2 Arjasari  pada kemampuan berkomunikasi berbahasa Inggris secara aktif dengan penerapan metode ‘Total Physical Response’.  Peningkatan secara signifikan dapat dilihat pada kemampuan respon fisik siswa dengan melakukan  kegiatan-kegiatan berdasarkan pada perintah-perintah lisan yang diucapkan oleh guru. Selain itu, siswa juga mampu merespon dengan baik dan benar dengan melakukan gerakan-gerakan dan ucapan-ucapan  secara langsung atau spontan dari instruksi-instruksi guru dan temannya baik secara lisan maupun gerakan-gerakan yang diperagakan oleh guru dan temannya. Di samping itu, terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada kegiatan motorik siswa dalam komunikasi interaktif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemahiran siswa dalam memilih kosa kata dan kemampuannya dalam berfikir dan merepon secara langsung dari instruksi yang diberikan sehingga kemampuan komunikasi Bahasa Inggris siswa dapat meningkat dengan baik. Dengan demikan, Metode ‘Total Physical Response’ dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Siswa SD N 2 Arjasari Patrol Indramayu. \u0000Kata Kunci: proses pembelajaran, kemampuan berbahasa Inggris, total physical response \u0000  \u0000Abstract: The aim of this study was to improve the English learning process for students of SD N 2 Arjasari, Patrol District, Indramayu Regency through the 'Total Physical Response (TPR)' method. This research is focused on how the application of the TPR method in improving active communication skills in English for elementary school students, especially in Arjasari Village. The research method applied in this research is classroom action research. The research subjects were fourth grade students of SD N 2 Arjasari Patrol Indramayu. The data collection techniques used were observation and tests. The research instruments used in data collection were observation sheets and multiple-choice objective tests. This study applies a qualitative descriptive technique as a method of data analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant increase in the learning process of SD N 2 Arjasari stu","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122392317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FOTO DAN GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI PENINGGALAN SEJARAH DAN TOKOH SEJARAH ISLAM DI INDONESIA","authors":"Ahmad Agus Gustaman","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.65","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of interest in learning about historical heritage materials and Islamic historical figures in Indonesia. This can be seen from the learning achievement of students who are less than the KKM as many as 59.38%. Researchers use photo and image media to improve student learning outcomes, because photo and image media are concrete so students will be able to see clearly what is being discussed. This Classroom Action Research uses John Elliot's CAR Model, covering 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research location is in SMP Negeri 1 Margahayu Kab. Bandung. The object of research is the students of grade 9 J, totaling 40 people. The results showed that in the pre-cycle of students who scored above the KKM (completed) there were 18 people with an average score of 64.87 or 45% of all students. In the first cycle of students who are above the KKM score as many as 22 people with an average value of all students 72.37 or 62.5%, in the first cycle there is an increase of 17.5% from the completion of pre-cycle activities. Then the average value in the second cycle of students who completed reached 40 people with an average value of 79.5 students who achieved 100% completeness, were in very good qualifications and experienced an increase of 37.5% from cycle I. This shows increasing student learning outcomes on historical heritage materials and Islamic historical figures in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"31 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"URGENSI LITERASI DIGITAL BAGI GURU SMP YABUJAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19","authors":"Akhmad Rifai","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Di tengah mewabahnya pandemi Covid-19, dunia pendidikan bergerak dinamis menyesuaikan situasi yakni belajar dari rumah. Di tengah upaya penanggulangan Covid-19 dengan kebijakan social distancing maupun learn from home, pendidikan tetap bisa dilaksanakan dengan penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang mentransformasikan pembelajaran dengan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi berbasis internet dan digital. Pendidikan berbasis digital menjadi transformasi yang tepat di tengah perpaduan situasi pandemi dan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Ruang kelas di sekolah bukan lagi menjadi fasilitas utama penunjang keberlangsungan pembelajaran.  Sehingga guru dituntut memberikan materi secara virtual ataupun online kepada para peserta didik lewat kelas virtual ataupun fasilitas kelas digital. Bagaimana dari rumah masing-masing, aktivitas belajar-mengajar tetap bisa dilakukan secara interaktif dan komprehensif. Tentunya guru sangat membutuhkan keterbukaan wawasan ihwal literasi digital dalam dunia pendidikan. Penulis akan mengelaborasikan urgensi literasi digital bagi guru di SMP YABUJAH pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Di mana tulisan ini disusun dengan memakai metode kualitatif-deskriptif, serta teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya proses pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 telah membentuk kemampuan literasi digital yang baik. Di mana unsur-unsur literasi digital yang harus dipenuh adalah kemampuan menganalisa informasi digital, kemampuan berkreasi, berinovasi dan berkolaborasi, kemampuan menciptakan materi maupun metode belajar yang efektif, serta kepatuhan pada norma dan etika di dunia digital. Sedangkan urgensi dan manfaat yang dirasakan guru SMP YABUJAH yakni Penghematan waktu dan proses pembelajaran lebih efektif dan efisien; Penyajian Materi Pembelajaran Lebih Kreatif, Inovatif, dan Interaktif; Penghematan Uang dan Lebih Produktif; Bentuk kepatuhan pada Kebijakan Pemerintah serta Merasa Lebih Aman dan Bahagia.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127718950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN LKS PRAKTIKUM INSEKTA BERBASIS DIAGRAM VEE UNTUK MENGURANGI BEBAN KOGNITIF SISWA SMA KELAS X","authors":"Y. Sari, Indra Drajat Sopwan","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.70","url":null,"abstract":"Insect is one of subject matter that has many concepts. In addition, the lack of teaching materials in the form of practicum worksheet that can make learning more meaningful and provide special skills for students. This will cause the emergence of cognitive load for students. Efforts to reduce the cognitive load on students is by developing a worksheet based on Vee diagram. The purpose of this research is to develop insect practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram to reduce the cognitive load of class X high school students, analyze the cognitive load and analyze the responses of teachers and students to insect practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram. This study uses a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The sampling technique of this study used purposive random sampling. Data collection techniques, including: tests, readability and feasibility rubrics, and questionnaire techniques. The study was conducted  in SMA NU Widasari Indramayu. The percentage of overall validation is 96.09%, which means that insects practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram are very feasible to be used in the learning process. There is a decrease in cognitive load and positive student responses after developing the insects practicum worksheet. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134036917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE LEARNING TIPE QUIZ TEAM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA (Penelitian Eksperimen Quasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Gegesik Kabupaten Cirebon)","authors":"Poy Saefullah Zevender","doi":"10.37842/sinau.v7i2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/sinau.v7i2.72","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems in formal learning is the low absorption of students because the learning process is still using the conventional model. The expected goal and contained in this study is to find out how students respond to economics subjects with the application of the quiz team type active learning learning model, to find out whether there are differences in learning outcomes in economics subjects between students who use or get the application of the quiz team type of active learning learning model and students who do not use or get the application of the quiz team type of active learning learning model, to find out whether the application of the quiz type of active learning learning model team influence on student learning outcomes in economic subjects. The research that the author has used is quasi-experimental. While the approach method that the author uses in this study is an experimental approach or a comparative approach, because in this study, the authors compare between two classes, one class using the application of an active learning learning model and the other using a conventional learning model. The results showed that there was an effect of the active learning model on student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average final test scores obtained from the two groups, namely 79.12 for the experimental class and 70.35 for the control class. To see the magnitude of the effect, the R Square value of 0.626 means that active learning learning type quiz team has a positive effect of 67% on student learning outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that economic learning with the application of the quiz team type of active learning learning model can effectively improve student learning outcomes. \u0000Keywords: quasi-experimental research, active learning model type quiz team, learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124259094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PAEDAGOGIK GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN RPP MELALUI TEKNIK SUPERVISI INDIVIDUAL DI MI DARUL MASHOLEH HARJAMUKTI CIREBON","authors":"Izzudin","doi":"10.37842/SINAU.V7I1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/SINAU.V7I1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah melalui teknik supervisi individual, guru MI Darul Masholeh dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogiknya khususnya dalam mengembangkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kepengawasan (PTKp) ini tindakan yang dilakukan adalah teknik supervisi individual yang mana dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogiknya dalam mengembangkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus 1 ada 7 orang guru yang mendapat nilai 50 dengan predikat kurang baik dan ada 7 guru yang mendapat nilai 51 - 60 dengan predikat sedang, 4 guru mendapatkan nilai  61 - 75 dengan predikat cukup, 2 guru mendapatkan nilai  76 - 90 dengan predikat baik. Pada siklus II kompetensi paedagogik guru dalam mengembangkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran meningkat dengan sigifikan yaitu 1 guru mendapatkan nilai  61 - 75 dengan predikat cukup, 13 guru mendapatkan nilai  76 - 90 dengan predikat baik, 2 guru mendapatkan nilai  91 - 100 dengan predikat amat baik sehingga dapat disimpulkan seluruh guru memenuhi indikator minimal yang telah ditetapkan sebesar 75%.  Dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik supervisi individual dapat meningkatkan kompetensi paedagogik guru khususnya dalam mengembangkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Darul Masholeh Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon.","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121856298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN , MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA DAN MENANAMKAN JIWA LEADERSHIP TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA","authors":"Marfuah Marfuah","doi":"10.37842/SINAU.V7I1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37842/SINAU.V7I1.56","url":null,"abstract":"Dewasa ini, Kewirausahaan telah menjadi suatu disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari tentang nilai, kemampuan (ability) dan perilaku seseorang dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup untuk memperoleh peluang dengan berbagai resiko yang mungkin dihadapinya. Bahkan untuk menjadi wirausahawan sukses, memiliki bakat saja tidak cukup, tetapi juga harus memiliki pengetahuan segala aspek usaha yang akan ditekuninya. Seorang wirausahawan harus bisa mengambil keputusan, kepemimpinan teknis, kepemimpinan komersial, penyediaan modal dan lain sebagainya. Untuk itu pengetahuan kewiraushaan, motivasi berwirausaha, dan jiwa Leadership perlu diperhatikan oleh khususnya para mahasiswa STKIP Pangeran Dharma Kusuma Segeran Juntinyuat Indramayu. \u0000Kata kunci : pengetahuan kewiraushaan, motivasi berwirausaha, dan jiwa Leadership","PeriodicalId":199738,"journal":{"name":"SINAU : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132638363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}