Parasitology最新文献_第8页

Rediscovery and redescription of clinostomid trematodes from Pelecanus onocrotalus. 棘球绦虫的重新发现和重新描述。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101966

Federica Marcer, Marshet Adugna Mitiku, Perla Tedesco, Erica Marchiori, Hagos Ashenafi, Cinzia Tessarin, Aurora Lattanzi, Andrea Gustinelli, Monica Caffara

{"title":"Rediscovery and redescription of clinostomid trematodes from Pelecanus onocrotalus.","authors":"Federica Marcer, Marshet Adugna Mitiku, Perla Tedesco, Erica Marchiori, Hagos Ashenafi, Cinzia Tessarin, Aurora Lattanzi, Andrea Gustinelli, Monica Caffara","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101966","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101966","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the first rediscovery and redescription of Euclinostomum lauroi in more than 40 years, based on an adult specimen recovered from the oesophagus of a great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) in Lake Tana, Ethiopia. An integrative taxonomic approach combining detailed morphological examination and molecular analyses (ITS rDNA and COI mtDNA) was employed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed additional features, including the fine surface morphology of the cirrus and genital opening. The same host individual harboured 2 Clinostomum species, C. phalacrocoracis and C. tilapiae, for which updated morphological redescriptions are provided. The record of C. tilapiae represents a new geographical record for Ethiopia. These findings expand current knowledge of African clinostomid diversity and identify Lake Tana as an important hotspot of trematode biodiversity. The newly generated morphological and molecular data refine species boundaries within Euclinostomum and Clinostomum and support the use of integrative approaches to resolve persistent taxonomic uncertainties in clinostomid systematics.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dientamoeba fragilis cysts and pre-cysts in historic slide collections and a review of cyst formation among the parabasalia. 脆弱的双阿米巴囊肿和前囊肿的历史玻片收集和回顾囊肿形成在旁巴索。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101942

Luke M Hall, Sarah Sapp, Mark Fox, Joel L N Barratt, John Timothy Ellis, Damien Stark

{"title":"Dientamoeba fragilis cysts and pre-cysts in historic slide collections and a review of cyst formation among the parabasalia.","authors":"Luke M Hall, Sarah Sapp, Mark Fox, Joel L N Barratt, John Timothy Ellis, Damien Stark","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101942","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101942","url":null,"abstract":"Dientamoeba fragilis transmission is a basic aspect of this intestinal parasite's biology that is poorly understood. Early historical reports reflecting the absence of a cyst are often cited as a central argument in debates supporting the lack of a D. fragilis cyst. While D. fragilis cysts have been described since Dobell's original description, their existence is not universally accepted. Here, Dobell's, Wenyon's and Hoare's collection of historical faecal smears stored at the Natural History Museum (London), dating back to the 1890s and the early 1900s, was examined for forms consistent with modern descriptions of D. fragilis cysts, and an example was found in 1 slide. Such rare forms were also detected during examination of stained faecal smears archived in the parasite reference laboratory collection at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We discuss these observations in the context of literature describing cyst formation in parabasalids. Additionally, we report some incidental findings from past immunofluorescence experiments on cultured D. fragilis, which suggest differential staining that appears to correlate with life cycle stages. Considering published literature on the subject of D. fragilis cysts and the broader picture of cyst formation across diverse members of Parabasalia, we recommended that future investigations on D. fragilis transmission consider mounting evidence for the role of a true cyst despite its rarity in human faecal specimens. The factors leading to cyst formation and further characteristics of this life cycle stage require further study.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of nanoliposomal quercetin - paromomycin and clindamycin on cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions in BALB/c mice. 纳米脂质体槲皮素-帕罗霉素和克林霉素对BALB/c小鼠皮肤利什曼病皮损的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101905

Pooria Asadi, Majid Nouri, Minoo Shaddel, Zia Hejripour, Rahmat Solgi, Hamzeh Shahali, Mahmoud Momenzadeh, Mohammad Darvishi, Mohsen Chamanara

{"title":"Evaluation of nanoliposomal quercetin - paromomycin and clindamycin on cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions in BALB/c mice.","authors":"Pooria Asadi, Majid Nouri, Minoo Shaddel, Zia Hejripour, Rahmat Solgi, Hamzeh Shahali, Mahmoud Momenzadeh, Mohammad Darvishi, Mohsen Chamanara","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101905","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101905","url":null,"abstract":"The current treatments for leishmaniasis come with various side effects and the risk of drug resistance. Nanoliposomal quercetin - paromomycin and clindamycin - is being explored as a new therapeutic approach to replace existing treatments. In this research, nanoliposomal was created using the ultrasonic thin-layer dispersion method and evaluated for its encapsulation efficiency, size and zeta potential. The average particle size in the nanoliposome containing quercetin - paromomycin and clindamycin - was 74.8 nm. The dispersibility indices were equal to 0.61. The zeta potential of the nanoliposome was 24.2 mV. EC50 levels of nanoliposomal quercetin (QN), nanoliposomal quercetin-paromomycin (QPN), quercetin-paromomycin and clindamycin (QPC), nanoliposomal quercetin-clindamycin and paromomycin (QCPN), paromomycin (P) against L. major promastigotes were 70 ± 2, 57 ± 2, 51 ± 9, 43 ± 8 and 41 ± 8 micromolar, respectively. There was no significant difference in the activity of liposomal formulations against L. major promastigotes. The topical application of all treatment groups compared to PBS and the untreated group caused significant reductions in the lesion sizes. The nanoliposomal quercetin - paromomycin and clindamycin - displayed a significant anti-leishmanial effect, showing promise as a potential candidate for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Giardia unveiled: a proteome view of the parasite in search of drug, vaccine and diagnostic targets. 贾第鞭毛虫揭开面纱：寻找药物、疫苗和诊断目标的寄生虫蛋白质组学观点。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101899

Lorena González-López, Oscar Rodríguez-Lima, Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano, Margarita Jacaranda Rosendo-Pineda, Nancy Guadalupe Velázquez Zavala, Luis Vaca, Margarita Cabrera-Bravo, Adolfo Cruz-Reséndiz

{"title":"Giardia unveiled: a proteome view of the parasite in search of drug, vaccine and diagnostic targets.","authors":"Lorena González-López, Oscar Rodríguez-Lima, Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano, Margarita Jacaranda Rosendo-Pineda, Nancy Guadalupe Velázquez Zavala, Luis Vaca, Margarita Cabrera-Bravo, Adolfo Cruz-Reséndiz","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101899","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101899","url":null,"abstract":"Giardiasis remains a significant global health burden, constrained by limited diagnostic tools, the emergence of drug-resistant Giardia lamblia strains, and the absence of a licenced human vaccine. To address these critical gaps, this review provides a comprehensive functional analysis of the Giardia proteome, emphasizing molecular targets essential for the parasite's survival and pathogenesis. We systematically examine the structural proteome, specifically the tubulin reservoir and the diverse giardin family (α-, β-, γ- and δ-giardins), elucidating their indispensable roles in the ventral disc attachment mechanism. Beyond structural components, we detail the 'pathoproteome', and moonlighting enzymes, highlighting how the secretome - including cathepsin B-like cysteine proteases (notably giardipain-1) and variant-specific surface proteins facilitate immune evasion and host intestinal epithelial damage. Furthermore, the review explores the metabolic and encystation proteomes, identifying unique enzymes such as carbamate kinase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase that offer high therapeutic selectivity. By synthesizing these proteomic insights, this work identifies high-priority candidates for the development of next-generation therapeutics, prophylactic, and diagnostic interventions aimed at mitigating the global impact of this neglected disease.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147531864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The activity, selectivity and pharmacological profile of imatinib derivates against Trypanosoma cruzi. 伊马替尼衍生物对克氏锥虫的活性、选择性和药理学研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101887

Lucas Nesic de Freitas, Denise da Gama Jaèn Batista, Cristiane França Da Silva, Marcos Meuser Batista, Liviane De Azevedo, Luiz Pimentel, Monica Bastos, Nubia Boechat, Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro

{"title":"The activity, selectivity and pharmacological profile of imatinib derivates against Trypanosoma cruzi.","authors":"Lucas Nesic de Freitas, Denise da Gama Jaèn Batista, Cristiane França Da Silva, Marcos Meuser Batista, Liviane De Azevedo, Luiz Pimentel, Monica Bastos, Nubia Boechat, Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101887","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101887","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. Its treatment is based in old and toxic nitroderivative drugs necessitating for new alternatives. Imatinib (IMB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in cancer therapy, and previous reports demonstrate that some derivatives are active against T. cruzi justifying further synthesis screening of novel compounds derived from IMB. Our results demonstrate that all test derivatives are highly active against the intracellular forms of T. cruzi being similar or even more potent than the reference drug for CD - benznidazole (BZ). Besides, they were much more active than the parent molecule, displaying low EC90 values (<10 µm) and good selectivity indexes (>10), which are relevant characteristics of a novel hit compound for CD therapy. However, when screened against bloodstream trypomastigotes, only 1 derivative, named PLDC 23/19, was as active (EC50 = 18.8 µm) as BZ (EC50 = 18.8 µm), while the others did not show activity up to 20 µm.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stressor interactions affect myxozoan abundance in a 42-year dataset from the Pearl River, Louisiana, USA. 在美国路易斯安那州珠江的42年数据集中，压力源相互作用影响黏液动物的丰度。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101917

Dakeishla M Díaz-Morales, Stephen D Atkinson, Desmond Boyd, Gabriella Commisso, Shyanne R Christner, Imani Jones, Katie L Leslie, Jolee Thirtyacre, Connor J Whalen, Armand Kuris, Justin Mann, Henry L Bart, Chelsea L Wood

{"title":"Stressor interactions affect myxozoan abundance in a 42-year dataset from the Pearl River, Louisiana, USA.","authors":"Dakeishla M Díaz-Morales, Stephen D Atkinson, Desmond Boyd, Gabriella Commisso, Shyanne R Christner, Imani Jones, Katie L Leslie, Jolee Thirtyacre, Connor J Whalen, Armand Kuris, Justin Mann, Henry L Bart, Chelsea L Wood","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101917","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101917","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental change can impact host-parasite interactions, but the effects of multiple stressors on parasites are rarely measured. Considering stressor interactions may allow parasitologists to evaluate how parasite burdens change in nature, where stressors rarely occur in isolation. This study aimed to understand how combined stressors such as warming, nutrients and pollution (i.e. metal concentrations) influence myxozoan prevalence and abundance in the Pearl River, Louisiana, USA. Fish were seined between 1963 and 2005 upstream and downstream of a pulp-mill outfall and were then preserved and accessioned into the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection of the Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute. In 2024, we dissected 1188 fish individuals across 7 host species, and we identified myxozoans in 6 species. Six myxozoan genera were detected, including Chloromyxum, Henneguya, Myxidium, Myxobolus, Thelohanellus and Unicauda, with some novel host-parasite combinations. The abundance of Myxobolus infecting Carpiodes velifer gills declined by 86% over the study period, while the abundance of Myxobolus infecting Pimephales vigilax gills was significantly lower downstream of the pulp mill outfall. Among the drivers analyzed, temperature had a significant negative effect on this parasite's abundance, metal concentrations had a positive effect, and these 2 drivers interacted. Our results highlight the differential susceptibility of wild fishes to myxozoan infections and the usefulness of museum collections for understanding historical change in myxozoan burdens in fish. Since stressor-driven changes in myxozoan abundance do not follow a single pattern across species, we expect a shift in freshwater myxozoan communities with progressing climate change and pollution.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parasite egg shedding rhythms are independent of feeding habits in a small shorebird host. 寄生虫卵的脱落节律与小滨鸟宿主的摄食习惯无关。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101851

Simón Maldonado-Oyarzo, María Fernanda Sánchez-Méndez, Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Juan G Navedo, José O Valdebenito

{"title":"Parasite egg shedding rhythms are independent of feeding habits in a small shorebird host.","authors":"Simón Maldonado-Oyarzo, María Fernanda Sánchez-Méndez, Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Juan G Navedo, José O Valdebenito","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101851","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101851","url":null,"abstract":"Host-parasite coevolution resulted in parasites optimizing their life cycle to obtain the most benefit from the host's behaviour. In passerines, for instance, some parasite groups have found means to match their egg shedding rhythms with the hours of the day when hosts are most active. In other bird groups, such as shorebirds, whose active times are not determined by day-night cycles but by other external factors such as tidal or lunar cycles, it is not yet known whether their endoparasites exhibit any predictable pattern in their egg shedding rhythms. Here we used a simple wild-caught (captive) system, to provide a first approximation of the parasite egg shedding patterns in wintering Rufous-chested dotterels (Zonibyx modestus). We collected faeces every 2 hours over 10 days until completing a 24-hour cycle, which was coupled with continuous video recordings to determine their feeding and drinking habits. Contrary to our expectation, we showed that parasite egg shedding followed a cyclic pattern, characterized by 2 peaks: one at midnight and another in the afternoon. Importantly, this shedding pattern was not related to the birds' feeding or drinking habits. We discuss possible environmental and physiological cues that parasites might use to trigger egg production, including the potential influence of tidal cycles on our results.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cyclopodia bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Australian Pteropus hosts. 来自澳大利亚翼翅目寄主的Cyclopodia bat蝇（双翅目：夜蛾科）的形态和分子特征。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101929

Robyn T Pearce, Constantin Constantinoiu, Kaitlin V Janssen-Groesbeek, Varsha V Balu, Roslyn I Hickson, Anjana C Karawita, Paul F Horwood

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Cyclopodia bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Australian Pteropus hosts.","authors":"Robyn T Pearce, Constantin Constantinoiu, Kaitlin V Janssen-Groesbeek, Varsha V Balu, Roslyn I Hickson, Anjana C Karawita, Paul F Horwood","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101929","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101929","url":null,"abstract":"Bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats and are increasingly recognised for their potential role in host-specific co-evolution and disease transmission. Despite their ecological importance, the diversity, host associations and evolutionary relationships of bat flies in Australia remain poorly characterised. This study provides the first integrative assessment of nycteribiid bat flies parasitising Pteropus species in North Queensland, combining morphological taxonomy with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 304 bat flies were collected from 79 rescued pteropodids, representing three host species: the little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus), the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) and the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus). Morphological examination of the bat flies identified two taxa, Cyclopodia australis and Cyclopodia albertisii, which were further confirmed by maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COX1 sequences with distinct clade formations delineating species. C. australis was found almost exclusively on little red flying foxes. C. albertisii was mainly associated with both black flying foxes and spectacled flying foxes, with very limited association with the little red flying foxes. These findings underscore the utility of integrative taxonomic approaches in researching bat fly diversity and host specificity. They also highlight the potential for co-evolutionary divergence and emphasise the need for expanded geographic sampling and genomic analysis. This research provides critical baseline data for understanding ectoparasite biodiversity in Australia and contributes to future studies of host-parasite interaction, vector ecology and wildlife disease surveillance.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infections in Dutch dairy cattle herds. 荷兰奶牛群中肝片形吸虫感染的环境危险因素。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182026101875

Lonneke Nijhuis, Deborah C K van Doorn, Manon M C Holstege, Marian Aalberts, Jaap A Wagenaar, Adriaan F G Antonis, Gerdien van Schaik

{"title":"Environmental risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infections in Dutch dairy cattle herds.","authors":"Lonneke Nijhuis, Deborah C K van Doorn, Manon M C Holstege, Marian Aalberts, Jaap A Wagenaar, Adriaan F G Antonis, Gerdien van Schaik","doi":"10.1017/S0031182026101875","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182026101875","url":null,"abstract":"Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle often lead to significant production losses. Infection rates are expected to increase due to environmental changes at regional and global level which favour the life cycle of F. hepatica. This study aimed to identify environmental and herd factors associated with F. hepatica antibody positivity in bulk tank milk (BTM) of Dutch dairy cattle herds. In total, 10403 BTM samples were collected yearly in October, from 2018 till 2023. For each farm, monthly averages of weather factors and soil moisture level were obtained for the twelve months preceding October, along with soil type and number and grazing of dairy cows. Logistic regression analyses were performed retrospectively using generalized estimating equations, with continuous variables analysed as quartiles. The odds of F. hepatica antibody positivity in BTM are higher for farms on peat (OR 1.69, 95% CI [1.27, 2.24]) and heavy clay soils (OR 1.75, 95% CI [1.30, 2.35]) compared to those on sand soil. In addition, the odds of antibody positivity increased with higher monthly temperatures (December: ORQ1-Q4 2.94, 95% CI [1.94, 4.46]) and rainfall (November: ORQ1-Q4 2.33, 95% CI [1.62, 3.34]) at the end of the previous grazing season. Stratified analyses by soil type yielded results consistent with those across soil types. Weather patterns that favour the number of overwintering snails infected with F. hepatica seem to increase the infection risk for dairy cattle in the next grazing season, which highlights the potential of prediction tools that facilitate early detection of new F. hepatica infections.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alternative hypotheses to explain the relationship between infestation intensity and sex ratio of ricinid lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Ricinidae) infesting hummingbirds (Apodiformes: Trochilidae). 解释蜂鸟（拟形目：绢翅目：绢翅目：绢翅目：绢翅目：绢翅目）中蓖麻毒虱侵染强度与性比关系的几种假设。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S003118202610184X

Yoshika Oniki-Willis, Edwin O Willis, Oldřich Sychra, Terry Galloway, Lajos Rózsa

{"title":"Alternative hypotheses to explain the relationship between infestation intensity and sex ratio of ricinid lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Ricinidae) infesting hummingbirds (Apodiformes: Trochilidae).","authors":"Yoshika Oniki-Willis, Edwin O Willis, Oldřich Sychra, Terry Galloway, Lajos Rózsa","doi":"10.1017/S003118202610184X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003118202610184X","url":null,"abstract":"Ricinid lice are exceptionally large-bodied relative to their hosts and tend to form small infrapopulations. They exhibit a more pronounced female bias (predominance of females) than most other lice. Sex ratios (SRs; the proportions of males) of 10 hummingbird-ricinid species pairs collected from South and North America were examined. There was a significant positive relationship between infrapopulation size and SR in 5 cases, and similar non-significant tendencies in 4 cases. Two formerly constructed hypotheses had been considered to explain this relationship. First, Wolbachia infections may account for the female bias, but male aggression during mating could elevate female mortality resulting in higher male proportions in large infrapopulations. Second, the Local Mate Competition (LMC) Hypothesis predicts that highly inbred infrapopulations should exhibit female-biased SRs. Small infrapopulations are likely to be inbred because of stronger genetic drift and are also more likely to originate from single infestations. Conversely, multiple infestations can generate larger and more outbred infrapopulations that are less affected by genetic drift, leading to a shift towards more balanced SRs. This results in a positive correlation between infrapopulation size (infestation intensity) and SR. Both hypotheses provide explanation for the positive association between infestation intensity and the proportion of males, although the LMC aligns more strongly with the actual values of the observed SR bias. Notably, the former hypothesis refers to the physiological mechanism, whereas the latter refers to the adaptive value of the SR bias. These 2 hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0