Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Intestinal parasite infection in non-human primates from The Gambia, West Africa, and their relationship to human activity.","authors":"Richard S Bradbury, Ashley R Olson, Sarah Sapp, Indu S Panicker, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Martin Antonio, Mawdo Jallow, Jennifer Danzy Cramer","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000514","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In many areas of The Gambia, West Africa, population crowding in a degraded environment has forced close interactions of diurnal primate species with humans. We assessed intestinal parasitic infection prevalence and diversity in 4 diurnal non-human primate (NHP) species, <i>Chlorocebus sabaeus, Erythrocebus patas, Papio papio</i> and <i>Piliocolobus badius</i> across 13 sampling sites. The effect of human activity, determined by the human activity index, and NHP group size on parasite richness was assessed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The most common protozoa identified were <i>Entamoeba coli</i> (30%) and <i>Iodamoeba buetschlii</i> (25%). The most common helminths were <i>Strongyloides fuelleborni</i> (11%), <i>Oesophagostomum</i> spp. (9%) and <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (9%). Two of six (6%) <i>Cyclospora</i> spp. infections detected sequenced as <i>Cyclospora cercopitheci</i> (both in <i>C. sabaeus</i>). The more arboreal <i>P. badius</i> trended towards a lower prevalence of intestinal parasites, although this was not statistically significant (χ²<i>P</i> = 0.105). Human activity or group size did not have any significant effect on parasite richness for <i>P. badius</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.161 and <i>P</i> = 0.603) or <i>P. papio</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.817 and <i>P</i> = 0.607, respectively). There were insufficient observations to fit a GLMM to <i>E. patas</i> or <i>C. sabaeus</i>. Our reports present the richness and diversity of intestinal parasites in 4 diurnal NHPs in The Gambia, West Africa. Despite desertification and habitat loss, our results indicate that the prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in Gambian NHPs are seemingly unaffected by human activity. Further investigation with a larger dataset is required to better elucidate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"469-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and morphological characterization of one known and three new species of fish parasitic <i>Trypanosoma</i> Gruby, 1972 from the south coast of South Africa.","authors":"Chandra Le Roux, Courtney A Cook, Edward C Netherlands, Marliese Truter, Nico J Smit","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000496","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"531-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> non-archetypal strain induces lung inflammation during acute and early chronic infection in mice.","authors":"Alexandre Lazoski Bastilho, Ramayana M M Brito, José L Andrade, José Bryan da Rocha Rihs, Isabela de Brito Duval, Marcelo Eduardo Cardozo, Ana Rafaela Antunes Porto, Luisa Braga do Amaral, Jorge Lucas Nascimento Souza, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Brena K C Melo, Jully Anne B Lemos, Rômulo S Cavalcante, Lilian Bueno, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Janeusa T Souto, Luisa M D Magalhães, Valter Ferreira Andrade-Neto","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000538","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> non-archetypal strains have distinct virulence profiles and immunological activation in the host when compared with archetypal strains. The present work aims to perform an analysis of the inflammatory profile during acute and early chronic infection by <i>T. gondii</i> atypical strain in an experimental murine model. After euthanasia, blood was collected for the quantification of specific IgG antibodies and their subtypes (IgG1/IgG3) by ELISA; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was realized and immunophenotyping of lymphocytes population was performed at 12- and 30-days post infection (dpi); the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, nitric oxide and total proteins were determined in the BAL supernatant. Tissue cyst burden was determined in the brain homogenate, and the parasite load in the lungs was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Infection with the CK4 strain induced a lower brain cyst load similar parasite burden in the lungs, and higher levels of IgG1 and IgG3, when compared to ME49. The group infected with the CK4 strain presented higher levels of systemic IFN-γ, and both infected groups displayed similarly elevated levels of systemic TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 at 30 dpi, as well as higher numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the acute stage of infection, followed by higher numbers of central and effector CD4⁺ T cells. IFN-γ levels in the BAL fluid were significantly higher in animals infected with the CK4 strain in both the acute and early chronic stage of infection, highlighting the involvement of the lung environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"497-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis on <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> and <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> in countries of North Africa and the Middle East.","authors":"Katie Izenour, Fayez Salib, Jordan Eckert, Jeba R J Jesudoss Chelladurai, Lindsay Starkey, Byron Blagburn, Christine Sundermann, Janna Willoughby, Sarah Zohdy","doi":"10.1017/S003118202500037X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003118202500037X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"347-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial metabolomics to profile metabolic reprogramming of liver in <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>-infected mice.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Ming Luo, Junhui Li, Chen Guo, Jie Jiang, Ying Zhang, Gao Tan, Xiaoli Liu, Yingzi Ming","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000162","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that imposes a significant burden on society. The eggs are the primary pathogenic factor in schistosomiasis, and their accumulation in liver could lead to the formation of granulomas and liver fibrosis. However, the metabolic changes in liver resulting from schistosomiasis remain poorly understood. We established a mouse model of schistosomiasis japonica, where the eggs accumulate in the liver and form egg granulomas. We used mass spectrometry imaging to analyze the differences in metabolites among various liver regions, including the liver tissue from normal mice, the liver area outside the granulomas in schistosomiasis mice, and the granuloma region in schistosomiasis mice. There were significant differences in metabolites between different liver regions, which enriched in metabolic pathways such as the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and bile secretion. In normal liver tissue, higher concentrations of oleic acid (FA (18:1)), eicosapentaenoic acid (FA (20:5)), and L-glutamine were observed. In liver regions outside the granulomas, D-glucose and pyruvic acid were elevated compared to those in normal mice. Taurine increased in the liver of schistosomiasis. Meanwhile, there were elevated uric acid and spermidine in the egg granulomas. We employed mass spectrometry imaging technology to investigate metabolic reprogramming in liver of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>-infected mice. We explored the spatial distribution of differential metabolites in liver of schistosomiasis including unsaturated fatty acids, taurine, glutamine, spermidine, and uric acid. Our research provides valuable insights for further elucidating metabolic reprogramming in schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From 19th-century mysteries to modern insights: untangling <i>Aplectana membranosa</i> from Brazilian anurans.","authors":"Ana Nunes Santos, Evelyn Lebrego Cardoso, Lorena Freitas Souza Tavares-Costa, Rayline Thaimenne Alves Figueredo, Gabriel Lima Rebêlo, Maria Isabel Müller, Edna P Alcantara, Edson A Adriano, Drausio Honorio Morais, Simone Mousinho Freire, Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000204","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aplectana membranosa</i> is a cosmocercid nematode that shows affinity with various amphibian and reptile hosts, being considered a generalist species. To date, no studies have investigated the influence of host and locality in the morphological variation of this species. Thus, we analysed morphological and morphometric characters of 260 specimens of <i>A. membranosa</i> collected from 9 host species and 7 different localities. To complement the metric studies, we conducted phylogenetic analyses using the ribosomal genes <i>28S</i> and internal transcript spacer 1 (<i>ITS1</i>) to determine the phylogenetic position of the species and its divergence. In the present study, it was possible to observe the cloacal papillae pattern of the species through scanning electron microscopy, and we found no morphological variation in the specimens of <i>A. membranosa</i> from various hosts in different localities in Brazil. The study showed low variation in all data. However, despite the low variation, we found that external environmental conditions, such as climate and latitude, influence its variation. Molecular analyses highlighted that the separation of Cosmocercidae members may be related to geographic distribution and population genetic divergence. Thus, the results illustrated in this study reiterate the importance of using integrative data to better elucidate the family's taxonomic and evolutionary history.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"251-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> research papers published in <i>Parasitology</i> in the last 5 decades: personal perspective.","authors":"Jitender P Dubey","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000186","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybridization and introgression of the mitochondrial genome between the two species <i>Anisakis pegreffii</i> and <i>A. simplex</i> (s.s.) using a wide genotyping approach: evolutionary and ecological implications.","authors":"Simonetta Mattiucci, Marialetizia Palomba, Beatrice Belli, Renato Aco-Alburqueque, Paolo Cipriani, Xavier Roca-Gerones, Mario Santoro, Stephen C Webb, Giuseppe Nascetti","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000228","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anisakis pegreffii</i> and <i>A. simplex</i> (s.s.) are the two zoonotic anisakids infecting cetaceans as well as pelagic/demersal fish and squids. In European waters, <i>A. pegreffii</i> prevails in the Mediterranean Sea, while <i>A. simplex</i> (s.s.) in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Abiotic conditions likely play a significant role in shaping their geographical distribution. The Iberian Atlantic and Alboran Sea waters are sympatric areas of the two species. A total of 429 adults and L3 stage from both sympatric and allopatric areas were studied by a wide nuclear genotyping approach (including newly and previously found diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nuclear DNA (nDNA) and microsatellite DNA loci) and sequenced at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) <i>cox</i>2. Admixture between the two species was detected in the sympatric areas studied by STRUCTURE Bayesian analysis; NEWHYBRIDS revealed different categories of hybridization between the two species, representing approximately 5%. A tendency for F1 female hybrids to interbreed with the parental species at the geographical distribution limits of both species was observed. This finding suggests that hybridization occurs when the two parental species significantly differ in abundance. Mitochondrial introgression of <i>A. simplex</i> (s.s.) in <i>A. pegreffii</i> from Mediterranean waters was also detected, likely as a result of past and/or paleo-introgression events. The high level of genetic differentiation between the two species and their backcrosses indicates that, despite current hybridization, reproductive isolation which maintains evolutionary boundaries between the two species, exists. Possible causes of hybridization phenomena are attempted, as well as their evolutionary and ecological implications, also considering a sea warming scenario in European waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiopoietins as biomarkers of schistosomiasis severity: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rachael Lima Sobreira Coimbra, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses, Rosângela Lima de Freitas Galvão, Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro, Luciana Maria de Oliveira, Nicole Coelho Lope, Bruna Viana Barroso Martins, Letícia Machado de Araújo, Rebeca Yasmin Ribeiro Vieira, Reinaldo Barreto Oriá, Alice Maria Costa Martins, Elizabeth de Francesco Daher, Ângela Maria da Silva, Fernando Schemelzer de Moraes Bezerra","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000289","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by <i>Schistosoma</i> species, remains highly prevalent in tropical regions, where it contributes significantly to hepatic and vascular complications. Despite the well-established role of parasitic eggs in driving inflammation and organ damage, the specific vascular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Given the role of angiogenesis and vascular remodelling in tissue repair, the angiopoietins (ANGs) could be promising biomarkers to evaluate disease progression. This study aims to explore the relationship between ANG levels with parasitic load in patients with schistosomiasis. In this cross-sectional study, 126 schistosomiasis patients were stratified into three groups based on parasitic egg burden: negative, low, and moderate/high. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and serum ANGs were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Parasitic load was assessed through stool examination, quantifying the number of <i>Schistosoma</i> eggs per gram of faeces. Additional clinical parameters, including liver abnormalities and blood chemistry, were evaluated. The ANG-2 levels and the ANG-2/ANG-1 ratio were significantly elevated in patients with higher egg burdens, particularly in the moderate/high group. The ANG-2/ANG-1 ratio was notably higher in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. While systemic blood pressure and oxygen saturation showed no significant differences between groups, patients with elevated triglycerides had lower ANG-2 levels. Elevated ANG-2 levels and an increased ANG-2/ANG-1 ratio correlate with higher parasitic burdens, reinforcing their potential as biomarkers for disease severity. These findings underscore the role of egg-induced inflammation in schistosomiasis pathophysiology and suggest that ANGs could aid in early diagnosis and treatment decisions, particularly in populations with high parasitic loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carry-over non-consumptive effects: impact of parasite exposure during larval stage on adult phenotype.","authors":"Caroline Liang, Lien T Luong","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000265","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of parasites can elicit host responses even in the absence of infection. These risk-induced trait responses include altered host behaviours, morphology, and/or physiology, which can trade off with other fitness-related traits. Studies of predator-induced non-consumptive effects (NCEs) have demonstrated that exposure at one life stage can lead to NCEs in the next stage, but no studies to date have examined such an effect of parasite exposure. Numerous NCEs have been demonstrated in larval, pupal and adult stages of <i>Drosophila nigrospiracula</i> exposed to ectoparasitic mites (<i>Macrocheles subbadius</i>). Here we experimentally investigated whether parasite-induced NCEs carry over into subsequent developmental stages (i.e. interstadial effects). We tested the prediction that when flies are exposed to mites during the larval and pupal stages, the subsequent adult stage will exhibit decreased body mass, fecundity and longevity. However, we did not detect downstream effects of parasite exposure on adult body mass, fecundity or longevity. The probability of survival and lifetime fecundity were comparable for previously exposed and unexposed groups. We suggest that when parasite exposure is confined to one developmental stage, and the risk of infection is removed in the subsequent stage, the long-term effects of parasite exposure dissipate. The potential to recover from the interim costs of parasite exposure may provide an added benefit to host dispersal.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}