Pharmacology Research & Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"The TAAR1 Agonist PCC0105004 Regulates Amygdala Synaptic Plasticity to Alleviate Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rats.","authors":"Yingtian Zhang, Wei Zhang, Linyao Yu, Yaoqin Shi, Min Xu, Hui Wang, Chunmei Li, Jingwei Tian","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorder is a persistent, widespread, and intractable mood disorder, and the available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy with significant side effects. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is an emerging drug target for neuropsychiatric disorders. This study examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of a novel TAAR1 agonist, PCC0105004, in a rat model of CUMS-induced anxiety-like behavior. The elevated zero maze and open field tests test were employed to evaluate the anti-anxiety-like activity of PCC0105004. PCC0105004 dose-dependently attenuated anxiety-like behaviors in rats without affecting spontaneous activity. Morphologically, PCC0104005 decreased the density of dendritic spines in the amygdala. For the mechanistic studies, whole-genome transcriptomic analysis revealed significant differences in the patterns of amygdala gene expression in the CUMS-induced anxiety rat model. These transcriptomic data were further confirmed by using RT-qPCR and western blotting, further revealing alterations associated with genes (Col1a1, DCN, Ewsr1) known to regulate synaptic plasticity, and PCC0105004 was able to reverse these changes. These results suggest that PCC0105004 is a promising anxiolytic candidate for pharmacotherapy of anxiety and warrants further examination and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Cordycepin as a Neuroprotective Agent in Huntington's Disease: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.","authors":"Chih-Wei Tung, Siew Chin Chan, Pei-Hsun Cheng, Yi-Ching Chen, Po-Ming Wu, Wei-Chen Lin, Rong-Jane Chen, Bu-Miin Huang, Shang-Hsun Yang","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a challenging neurodegenerative disorder linked to Huntingtin (HTT) gene mutation, lacking an effective cure despite numerous therapeutic attempts. Cordyceps sinensis, recognized for its health benefits, particularly its constituent cordycepin, exhibits neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective potential of cordycepin in HD remains insufficiently explored. In this study, in vitro experiments using HD cell models demonstrate that cordycepin treatment enhances cell survival, slightly diminishes mutant HTT aggregates, and improves neuronal formation. In vivo investigations on R6/2 HD transgenic mice reveal a modest increase in body weight and a slight amelioration in pathological aggregates following cordycepin administration, although behavioral changes are not significant. While the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored, the findings suggest cordycepin's promise as a supplementary therapeutic for HD, providing neuroprotective effects and reducing mutant protein aggregates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Reporting Trends of Serious Adverse Events Associated With Anti-Obesity Drugs.","authors":"Branislava B Raičević, Andrej Belančić, Nikola Mirković, Slobodan M Janković","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concern over the side effects of anti-obesity medications, particularly if severe, has grown as their use has increased. Thus, the objective was to use trends in the reporting of suspected adverse events associated with anti-obesity medications that have been approved for sale in the European Union to attempt to uncover discrepancies in the safety of these medications. The study was designed as secondary research, based on data about the number of adverse drug reactions (both serious and non-serious) reported to the EudraVigilance database. Trends of the annual reporting rates for the six anti-obesity drugs were analyzed by the Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software that divides the trendline into an optimum number of segments connected by \"joinpoints\" and tests the significance of the trend within each segment. The trends of serious adverse drug events showed clear differences among the anti-obesity drugs: while all drugs had significant increasing trends during a few initial years after their appearance on the market, only the annual number of reports for semaglutide continued to grow ever since (annual change + 67.1%, p = 0.000). On the contrary, a continuous increase in the reporting rate of non-serious adverse drug events was observed only for liraglutide (annual change + 33.8%, p = 0.000) while for the other anti-obesity drugs, including semaglutide, the trends after the initial period were either negative or did not increase significantly. In conclusion, among the anti-obesity drugs currently approved, only semaglutide shows a continuously increasing trend in the annual reporting of serious adverse events, suggesting a need for further investigation of safety signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, BAY41-8543: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure Caused by Pressure and Volume Overload.","authors":"Adriana Martišková, Matúš Sýkora, Natália Andelová, Miroslav Ferko, Olga Gawrys, Katarína Andelová, Petr Kala, Luděk Červenka, Barbara Szeiffová Bačová","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, often driven by prolonged exposure to pathological stimuli such as pressure and volume overload. These factors contribute to excessive oxidative stress, adverse cardiac remodeling, and dysregulation of the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling pathway. Given the urgent need for effective treatments, this study investigated the potential of sGC stimulators to mitigate HF progression. We utilized male hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic (TGR) rats and a volume-overload HF model induced by an aortocaval fistula (ACF). Rats received the sGC stimulator BAY 41-8543 (3 mg/kg/day) for 30 weeks, while normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats served as controls. At the study endpoint (40 weeks of age), left ventricular tissue was analyzed using mass spectrometry, Western blotting, and histological assessment. TGR rats treated with sGC stimulators exhibited a significant increase in key antioxidant proteins (SOD1, CH10, ACSF2, NDUS1, DHE3, GSTM2, and PCCA), suggesting enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. However, sGC stimulator treatment also upregulated extracellular matrix remodeling markers (MMP-2, TGF-β, and SMAD2/3), which are typically associated with fibrosis. Despite this, Masson's trichrome staining revealed reduced collagen deposition in both TGR and TGR-ACF rats receiving sGC stimulators. Notably, all untreated TGR-ACF rats succumbed before the study endpoint, preventing direct assessment of sGC stimulator effects in advanced HF. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of sGC stimulators in HF, particularly through their antioxidant effects. However, their concurrent influence on fibrosis warrants further investigation to optimize treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfonamide-Bearing Pyrazolone Derivatives as Multitarget Therapeutic Agents: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation, In Silico ADME/T Profiling and Molecular Docking Study.","authors":"Nebih Lolak, Suleyman Akocak, Meryem Topal, Ümit Muhammet Koçyiğit, Mesut Işık, Cüneyt Türkeş, Fevzi Topal, Mustafa Durgun, Şükrü Beydemir","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research and design of new inhibitors for the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma through inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs; acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) and carbonic anhydrase enzymes are among the important targets. Here, a series of novel sulfonamide-bearing pyrazolone derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were successfully synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic and analytical methods. The inhibitory activities of these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated both in vitro and in silico for their effect on carbonic anhydrases (hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes) and ChEs. The in vitro studies showed that these novel compounds demonstrated potential inhibitory activity, with K_I values covering the following ranges: 18.03 ± 2.86-75.54 ± 4.91 nM for hCA I, 24.84 ± 1.57-85.42 ± 6.60 nM for hCA II, 7.45 ± 0.98-16.04 ± 1.60 nM for AChE, and 34.78 ± 5.88-135.70 ± 17.39 nM for BChE. Additionally, many of these compounds showed promising inhibitory activity, and some showed higher potency than reference compounds. While the in silico studies have also identified the potential binding positions of these compounds, using the crystal structures of hCA I, II, AChE and BChE receptors. The varying affinities demonstrated by these designed compounds for ChEs and hCA isoenzymes show that these compounds could hold promise as potential alternative agents for selectively inhibiting ChEs and hCAs in the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Clinical Outcomes With Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis and Advanced Lung Disease: Real-World Evidence From an Italian Single-Center Study.","authors":"Nicola Perrotta, Luigi Angelo Fiorito, Gianfranco Casini, Rossella Gentile, Roberta Vescovo, Alfonso Piciocchi, Roberta Lobello, Carlo Cappelli, Roberto Poscia, Giuseppe Cimino","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) has resulted in a significant improvement in lung function and global clinical parameters, which have not been previously achieved with other CFTR modulators. However, there is a paucity of evidence in the literature on the long-term use of ETI in adolescents and patients with severe pulmonary impairment. Furthermore, the response to ETI may differ between homozygotes and heterozygotes, as well as between naïve patients and those previously treated with other CFTR modulators. A retrospective study was conducted to examine changes in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV₁), body-mass index (BMI), and sweat chloride concentration (SwCl) at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 months after the initiation of ETI. Secondary outcomes included the number of pulmonary exacerbations, Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) score, adverse events, mortality and transplantation rates. 139 subjects were included and followed up for up to 2 years after starting ETI. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in ppFEV₁ and BMI after 12 months of therapy (respectively, 16%, p < 0.001; +1.5 kg/m², p = 0.005), with a slight decline in the values after 24 months. This effect was independent of genotype and showed a different degree of response in naïve subjects compared to patients previously treated with other CFTR modulators. SwCl decreased from 84 to 37 mmol/L over 24 months (p < 0.001). 58.3% reduction of PEx rate was observed compared to the number of exacerbations prior to ETI. Overall, lung function, SwCl, PEx rate, CFQ-R scores and BMI improved after 24 months of ETI treatment. ETI was well tolerated, and none of the patients interrupted the treatment due to toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genetic Polymorphisms of rs161620 and rs2229611 in G6PC 3'UTR Are Associated With Metformin Efficacy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Cuilin Li, Xiangmin Yuan, Li Huang, Zhuojun Bai, Lian Zheng, Yani Tan, Xin Liu","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin is a classical oral hypoglycemic drug, often recommended as the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous research has shown that the efficacy of metformin is associated with the genetic polymorphisms of patients. Considering the role of G6PC in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, this study aims to investigate the association of G6PC rs161620 and rs2229611 with metformin efficacy in T2DM patients who take metformin only. According to the decrease of HbA1c, 116 T2DM patients receiving metformin monotherapy were divided into two groups: response group (the decrease of HbA1c by at least 1.5% after 3 months) and non-response group (the decrease of HbA1c < 1.5%). SNPscan technology was used to genotype. There were significant differences in rs161620 and rs2229611 presented in genotype frequency (p = 0.027 both) between the response group and the non-response group. According to the results of logistic analysis, the genetic polymorphisms of G6PC rs161620 or rs2229611 could influence the hypoglycemic effect of metformin in T2DM patients. We found that the decreasing values of PBG and HbA1c in G6PC rs161620 (C > A) or rs2229611 (T > C) mutants were significantly more than those in wild-type individuals, which means the more effective genotypes of metformin are CA/AA of rs161620 and TC/CC of rs2229611. This study suggested that the G6PC rs161620 and rs2229611 genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with metformin efficacy in Chinese T2DM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Effects of IL4I1 Protein on Lymphocytes From Healthy and Multiple Sclerosis Patients.","authors":"Stephanie E Davis, Jingwen Hu, Sonia E Nanescu, Mahesh N Kumar, Maryna Baydyuk, Helena C Oft, Faria S Amjad, Anton Wellstein, Jeffrey K Huang","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immune-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system, resulting in extensive neurological deficit and remyelination impairment. We have previously found that interleukin-four induced one (IL4I1) protein modulates CNS inflammation and enhances remyelination in mouse models of experimental demyelination. However, it remained unclear if IL4I1 regulates lymphocyte activity in MS. To assess the therapeutic potential of IL4I1 in MS, we investigated the impact of IL4I1 treatment on human lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy individuals and MS patients. We found that IL4I1 increased the relative densities of Th2 and regulatory T-cells, while reducing Th17 cell density in healthy control (HC) samples. Furthermore, IL4I1-treated lymphocytes promoted CNS remyelination when grafted into demyelinated spinal cord lesions in mice. We found that baseline endogenous IL4I1 expression was reduced in people with MS. However, unlike HCs, IL4I1 treatment had no significant effect on IL17 or TOB1 expression in lymphocytes derived from MS patients. These results suggest that IL4I1 skews CD4⁺ T-cells to a regulatory state in healthy human lymphocytes, which may be essential for promoting remyelination. However, IL4I1 appears unable to exert its influence on lymphocytes in MS, indicating that impaired IL4I1-mediated activity may underlie MS pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocin, A Psychedelic Drug, Exerts Anticonvulsant Effects Against PTZ- and MES-Induced Seizures in Mice via 5-HT1A and CB1 Receptors: Involvement of Nitrergic, Opioidergic, and Kynurenine Pathways.","authors":"Mohammad Balabandian, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Ali Lesani, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Hamed Shafaroodi, Navid Heidari, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Alireza Foroumadi, Arya Afrooghe, Ahmad Reza Dehpour","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder affecting around 65 million people globally, is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. Psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, a well-known psychedelic compound, has recently gained attention for its potential antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. This study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin. The study utilizes behavioral seizure models and electrophysiological recordings in mice to assess the anticonvulsant efficacy of psilocin. The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test for clonic seizures and the maximal electroshock (MES) test for generalized tonic-clonic seizures are employed. Cortical electrical activity is monitored to provide insights into the compound's effects on neuronal activity. The involvement of kynurenine pathway, opioidergic and nitrergic systems, as well as cannabinoid receptors using agonist/antagonist paradigms. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the expression levels of key receptors and enzymes implicated in psilocin's anticonvulsant effects. The findings indicate a possible modulation of seizure activity by psilocin, with modest doses (3 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrating potential anticonvulsant effects. Remarkably, the administration of 1-MT, L-NAME, naltrexone, sildenafil, and AM-251 led to a diminishment of the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin, underscoring the involvement of the kynurenine pathway, nitrergic and opioidergic systems, cGMP, and the CB1 receptor in mediating the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin, respectively. Based on western blotting analysis, the upregulation of 5-HT1A but not 5-HT2A and the downregulation of IDO and CB1 expression following psilocin administration were observed. Acute administration of psilocin exerts anticonvulsant effects that might be mediated at least in part through the kynurenine pathway, opioidergic, serotonergic, and nitrergic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Chinese Medicine Monomers in Dry Eye Disease: Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Inflammation.","authors":"Zhuoyu Hu, Xiangdong Chen, Qi Hu, Menglong Zou, Zhimin Liu","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronically inflammatory ocular surface disorder of unknown pathogenesis. Anti-inflammatory medications, artificial tears, autologous serum, and LipiFlow have been shown to be highly beneficial in alleviating symptoms. Nevertheless, these interventions often provide only short-term results and do not address the underlying problems of the disease. There is growing evidence that the risk of DED is associated with a vicious cycle of inflammation. This vicious cycle of inflammation is produced by the interaction of several factors, including tear film hyperosmolarity, tear film instability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Chinese medicine monomers, distinguished by their multicomponent and multitarget advantages, have been shown to help treat DED by modulating tear film status, and inhibiting inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, providing a new way of thinking of the management of DED in Chinese medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 2","pages":"e70077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}