Pharmacology Research & Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between (Endo)cannabinoids, the Microbiome and Melanoma.","authors":"Farideh A Javid, Marin Golčić, Anja Harej Hrkać, Andrej Belančić","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advances in targeted and immunotherapy for melanoma, resistance to treatment and severe adverse effects pose significant challenges. This necessitates the development of new treatment strategies, and cannabinoids, because of the extensive preclinical evidence for their cytotoxic action on carcinoma cells in a variety of cancers, can offer a novel therapeutic option when used appropriately. Indeed, the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids were formally recognized in the world and much more recently in the United Kingdom when cannabis-based medicinal products were moved from Schedule 1 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 to Schedule 2 in 2018. This move further encouraged scientists to look at more applications of cannabinoids in different disorders. Although the potential psychoactivity of cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug hinders research, more research could focus on non-psychoactive components such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). This review summarizes some past and current research on the relationship between the cannabinoid system and the microbiome in patients with metastatic melanoma who undergo immunotherapy. The review also provides a comprehensive background on the function of the cannabinoid system in normal and diseased skin, as well as future directions in using cannabinoids as an adjunct to chemotherapeutics in the treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"e70304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student and Graduate Perceptions of Their Development of the Core Attitudes From the British Pharmacological Society's Undergraduate Pharmacology Curriculum.","authors":"Sophie G Reed, Aidan Seeley, Nicola Williams, John Broad","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70291","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The British Pharmacological Society's undergraduate core curriculum defines 18 core attitudes that pharmacology students should have after the completion of their degree. While the attainment of pharmacological knowledge and application of skills have previously been evaluated, assessment of core attitudes has not previously been reported. This study investigated student and graduate perceptions of their development of the core attitudes following the introduction of the core curriculum. An anonymous online survey was distributed via members of the British Pharmacological Society's Educator Network to current undergraduate pharmacology students and graduates, who were asked to rate their agreement, using a five-point Likert scale, with statements indicating whether their degree contributed to the development of each of the 18 core attitudes. A total of 118 students and 70 graduates participated. Both groups reported predominantly positive perceptions across all attitudes, ranging from 54.2%-93.2% (64/118-110/118) in students and 57.1%-91.4% (40/70-64/70) in graduates, with the strongest agreement observed for appreciation of the societal relevance of pharmacology. Although overall response distributions differed significantly between students and graduates, differences were limited to a small number of statements, with graduates showing greater variability and more polarized responses. The highest proportion of negative responses in both groups related to identifying employment opportunities and pursuing career goals. Collectively, these findings indicate that pharmacology programmes are largely effective in fostering core attitudes, while highlighting opportunities for educators to reflect on and further strengthen career development and professional preparation within undergraduate curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"e70291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AB-MDMSBA-Not a Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist.","authors":"Monica Patel, Dharshini Ganeshan, Izzy Horgan, Hannah Partington, Michelle Glass","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70278","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic cannabinoids remain one of the most prominent classes of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). The introduction of \"blanket bans\" has only invigorated the development and emergence of novel compounds. Recently, a putative synthetic cannabinoid, AB-MDMSBA, was identified in Australia and New Zealand, with little to no pharmacological data on this compound. This current study, therefore, aimed to determine the potential activity of AB-MDMSBA at the human cannabinoid CB₁ receptor. Results revealed AB-MDMSBA failed to activate cAMP and β-arrestin 2 pathways, or to induce a conformational change in a CB₁ biosensor, unlike the known synthetic agonist AMB-FUBINACA, suggesting the compound is not a synthetic cannabinoid. These findings may aid in drug classification and the identification of structurally similar compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Statins in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: A 2021-2025 State-of-the-Art Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.","authors":"Luigi Maria Chiatto, Lucia Buccarello, Giuseppe Carota, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Carmela Rifici, Emanuela Esposito, Alessio Ardizzone, Giuseppe Caruso","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins, widely prescribed for cardiovascular prevention, have emerged as potential disease-modifying agents in neurodegenerative disorders due to their pleiotropic effects on cholesterol metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation. Over the past decade, growing interest has focused on the potential repurposing of statins for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, clinical evidence remains heterogeneous and, in some cases, contradictory. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes clinical and preclinical studies published between 2021 and 2025 to critically evaluate the therapeutic potential and limitations of statins in PD and AD. Recent observational studies and large-scale cohort analyses suggest that long-term statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of incident PD and AD, as well as slower cognitive decline in selected patients' subgroups. However, these associations appear to depend on factors such as statin lipophilicity, treatment duration, and genetic background. Preclinical models provide mechanistic support, showing that statins can attenuate neuroinflammation, modulate microglial activation, reduce α-synuclein aggregation in PD models, and interfere with amyloid-β production and tau phosphorylation in AD models. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials remain limited in number and often underpowered, and some reports indicate neutral or even adverse neurological outcomes, underscoring the complexity of cholesterol-dependent and cholesterol-independent mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). Collectively, the evidence from 2021 to 2025 highlights both the therapeutic promise and the unresolved challenges of statin repurposing in neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should prioritize well-designed clinical trials and biomarker-driven patient stratification to determine whether statins can be effectively leveraged as adjunctive disease-modifying therapies in PD and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Methylphenidate on Hemodynamic Parameters in Children With ADHD.","authors":"Caglar Charles Daniel Jaicks, Selman Vefa Yıldırım","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective observational study investigated the acute effects of a single 10 mg dose of methylphenidate (MPH) on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in 60 children aged 6-16 years newly diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). All participants received 10 mg short-acting MPH, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic measurements (QTc, PR, QRS intervals, and rhythm) were obtained both before and 30-45 min after administration under standardized conditions and interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist. Following MPH intake, significant increases were observed in systolic blood pressure (105.0 ± 7.7 to 110.1 ± 8.9 mmHg, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (69.3 ± 9.2 to 73.4 ± 9.8 mmHg, p < 0.001), and heart rate (79.8 ± 9.0 to 84.9 ± 9.8 bpm, p < 0.001). QTc (395.9 ± 11.6 to 401.0 ± 12.5 ms), PR (135.8 ± 16.8 to 140.9 ± 16.7 ms), and QRS durations (91.1 ± 9.5 to 93.6 ± 9.5 ms) also showed significant prolongation (all p < 0.001). Post-treatment ECG rhythm abnormalities were observed in 15.0% of participants (p = 0.002), including sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, and isolated premature atrial or ventricular beats, with markedly higher prevalence among those below the 5th BMI percentile (75.0%, p < 0.001), whereas no rhythm disturbances were detected in the 5th-85th percentile group. These findings indicate that MPH induces acute but measurable cardiovascular changes in children with ADHD, particularly in underweight children, underscoring the need for ECG and blood pressure monitoring during treatment initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13238928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude, Preventability, and Determinants of Adverse Drug Reactions Among Hospitalized Obstetric Patients in Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Getachew Yitayew Tarekegn, Endalemaw Tsegaw, Fisseha Nigussie Dagnew, Sisay Sitotaw Anberbr, Tilaye Arega Moges, Samuel Berihun Dagnew, Samuel Agegnew Wondm, Tigabu Eskeziya Zerihun, Abel Temeche Kassaw, Desalegn Addis Mussie","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important and potentially preventable cause of morbidity among hospitalized obstetric patients, with implications for both maternal and fetal safety, yet evidence from low-resource settings remains limited. This prospective observational study, conducted from February to May 2025 at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, aimed to determine the magnitude, characteristics, preventability, and determinants of ADRs among hospitalized pregnant women and postpartum women within six weeks of delivery. ADRs were identified through daily chart review and patient interviews and confirmed using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale, while severity and preventability were assessed using the modified Hartwig and Siegel scale and the Schumock and Thornton criteria, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with ADR occurrence. Among the 354 patients included, 52 experienced at least one ADR, yielding a prevalence of 14.7%. Most ADRs were mild to severe (88.5%) and classified as definitely preventable (82.7%). Polypharmacy (4-6 medications) was independently associated with ADR occurrence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.02; 95% CI: 1.63-9.93). Additionally, patients with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI: 2.64-14.95) and those with underlying medical comorbidities (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 2.23-9.76) had significantly higher odds of experiencing ADRs. ADRs were relatively common among hospitalized obstetric patients, and the predominance of preventable events highlights the need for strengthened pharmacovigilance systems and targeted medication safety interventions to reduce preventable harm and improve maternal and fetal outcomes in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton Pump Inhibitors Prescribing Behaviors and Rationalization Strategies Among Healthcare Providers in Southeast Asia.","authors":"Duc Trong Quach, Tien Manh Huynh, Augusto Jose G Galang, Hang Viet Dao, Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Phuripong Kijdamrongthum, Rahela Ambaras Khan, Andrew Ming-Liang Ong, Wee Kooi Cheah, Kalwinder Singh Khaira, So Fie Tan, Jose Sollano, Ari Fahrial Syam, Tju Siang Chua, Somchai Leelakusolvong, Yeong Yeh Lee","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite widespread use, real-world evidence regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescribing and rationalization practices in Southeast Asia (SEA) remains limited; therefore, we aimed to characterize current prescribing behaviors and rationalization strategies among healthcare professionals in the region. The SEA PPI Rationalisation Working Group developed and disseminated an online questionnaire via professional networks across SEA to collect data on respondent demographics, PPI prescribing practices, and rationalization approaches; instrument reliability testing produced a Cronbach's α of 0.799 and content validity was confirmed by a panel of 10 gastroenterology experts with complete agreement on relevance and clarity (I-CVI, kappa, SCVI/Ave = 1.0). K-mode clustering was applied to delineate prescribing patterns. Of 869 responses received, 763 valid entries were analyzed (response rate 87.8%), 49% of whom were gastroenterologists. PPIs were most frequently prescribed for gastroesophageal reflux disease (67.8%) and peptic ulcer disease (43.8%); 48.9% of respondents reported long-term PPI use, while 59.2% reported reassessment of indications at every follow-up visit. Common rationalization strategies comprised dose tapering (46.8%), on-demand administration (45.9%), and step-down to antacids or alginates (44.8%). Cluster analysis identified two distinct prescriber profiles: proactive prescribers (n = 326, 42.7%), who adhered to clinical guidelines, implemented individualized dosing, and routinely reassessed therapy; and conservative prescribers (n = 437, 57.3%), who employed PPIs more restrictively and engaged less frequently in rationalization. The considerable variability in PPI prescribing and rationalization practices across SEA underscores the need for a regional consensus to promote evidence-based practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods Applied to Assess Real-World Effectiveness of Drugs: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Benedikte Irene von Osmanski, Janne Petersen, Charlotte Thor Petersen, Andreas Høiberg Bentsen, Espen Jimenez-Solem, Mikkel Zöllner Ankarfeldt","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70244","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug effectiveness evaluations are needed to bridge the gap between premarketing trials and clinical practice, but the specific methods used in such evaluations remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to identify pharmacoepidemiological effectiveness studies based on real-world data (RWD) and categorize them based on the methods applied and the drugs and outcomes investigated. We searched PubMed and Embase for relevant records published in the period July-December 2019. Eligible studies: (i) were RWD-based; (ii) evaluated one or multiple drug exposures, and (iii) included at least one effectiveness outcome (as primary outcome). Among 4820 identified records, 1129 passed title-abstract screening, 200 were randomly selected for full-text assessment, and 87 were ultimately included. Of these, 55 included > 1000 patients, 22 included > 10 000 patients, and 22 explicitly restricted to new users. Chemotherapy was the most common exposure (n = 32), all-cause mortality the most prevalent outcome (n = 52), and non-use of the exposure drug (n = 42) the most frequent comparator category. Survival models (n = 55) were the dominating statistical models, and 13 studies used only descriptive statistics. In conclusion, well-known pharmacoepidemiological methods were applied in the included studies, and many had large study populations. Common limitations were use of simple descriptive statistics and absence of active comparators.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Study of Marsh PK-PD Model and Schnider PK-PD Model During Anesthesia Induction for Obese Patients Undergoing Elective Heart Surgery.","authors":"Jianhong Ye, Weina Liang","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective study compared the Marsh and Schnider pharmacokinetic models for propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) during anesthetic induction in obese patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. A total of 118 patients were randomly assigned to either the Marsh or Schnider group (n = 59 each). The primary outcome was the performance error (ΔC = measured minus predicted plasma concentration) during and after TCI. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model, anesthetic depth (BIS), cardiac function (LVEF, SV), electrocardiographic PK-PD model (QTc, QTcd), and recovery profiles. While no significant differences in ΔC were observed during TCI, the Marsh model demonstrated significantly lower ΔC at all time points after TCI cessation (p < 0.05). Compared to the Schnider group, the Marsh group also showed higher BIS values, better preserved LVEF and SV, shorter QTc/QTcd intervals, reduced propofol requirements, and shorter recovery times (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, in which propofol TCI was configured using total body weight for the Marsh model and lean body weight for the Schnider model, the Marsh model provided more accurate plasma concentration control, better hemodynamic stability, and improved recovery profiles compared with the Schnider model for anesthetic induction in obese cardiac surgery patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposed Medicines for Viruses With Epidemic or Pandemic Potential: A Horizon Scan.","authors":"Sola Akinbolade, Rhiannon Potter, Alex Inskip, Jane Nesworthy, Kirsti Brock, Gill Norman","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70271","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, influenza, mpox, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 may be considered pathogens of epidemic or pandemic concern. Developing novel antiviral medicines can be time-consuming and resource intensive. Repurposing existing medicines with known or potential antiviral activity offers a faster, cost-effective strategy to expand treatment options during public health emergencies. This scan aimed to map current investigational activity involving repurposed medicines for these viruses. A horizon scanning approach was employed, starting with a targeted search in Embase followed by a systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify developmental stages of relevant technologies. Eligible technologies included UK- or EU-licensed medicines being investigated for antiviral use, while vaccines, unlicensed medicines, and treatments already approved for the target viruses were excluded. From the literature, 196 repurposed technologies were identified, and the expanded search on the clinical trials registry revealed 58 technologies in active clinical development. Interventional trial activity was limited to influenza and SARS-CoV-2, with 29 technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and two influenza technologies advancing to phase III evaluation. For other viruses, candidate repurposed technologies were identified only at preclinical or exploratory stages. Frequently investigated pharmacological classes included direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulators, and anti-inflammatory agents. While repurposing represents a potentially rapid strategy for therapeutic deployment, inclusion in this horizon scan does not imply clinical efficacy. Rigorous preclinical validation, pharmacokinetic feasibility assessment, and mechanistic confirmation remain essential before clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"14 3","pages":"e70271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}