Pharmacology Research & Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Mangiferin Against Respiratory Diseases: Pharmacological Targets and Prospects.","authors":"Kazi Ahsan Ahmed, Nusrat Afrin, Popy Ghosh, Irin Amin Heya, Sajidur Rahman Akash, Akhi Moni, Mohammad Nazrul Islam, Md Golzar Hossain, Alessandra Sinopoli, Md Abdul Hannan, Md Jamal Uddin","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory diseases are associated with high mortality worldwide. Respiratory infections can lead to the emergence of chronic respiratory diseases. Scientists are constantly striving to identify new therapies with reduced side effects. The rise of antibiotic resistance and the scarcity of effective treatments further necessitate the development of novel therapeutics specific to respiratory diseases. Extensive research has been conducted on natural products that could be effective against respiratory diseases. Mangiferin, a polyphenol with a C-glycosyl xanthone structure, is a bioactive phytochemical that has potential applications in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Mangiferin could be a therapeutic option against respiratory diseases because of its ability to target a variety of pharmacological pathways implicated in the development of these infections. It has been shown to limit infections, lower inflammation, control immune responses, and enhance host defense mechanisms. This review provides comprehensive insight into mangiferin's potential against various respiratory disorders, focusing on its pharmacological activity and therapeutic prospects. Despite the potential of mangiferin against respiratory problems-related pathobiology, additional scientific validation through clinical trials is required before the clinical application of mangiferin in the management of respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Weibull Model to Statins for Triglyceride Management in Patients With Hyperlipidaemia.","authors":"Natsuki Nakayama, Kuniharu Imai, Shiori Niwa, Yoshimi Moriwaki, Chika Oshima, Nozomi Furukawa, Makoto Hirai","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal serum cholesterol or triglyceride (TG) concentrations, is prevalent among middle-aged and older adults and contributes to atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Although oral statins effectively decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, patients with high-TG concentrations remain at significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Weibull analysis, a statistical method widely applied in reliability engineering and medicine, is suitable for assessing arterial stiffness, which reflects vascular aging or deterioration. This study explored the relationship between TG concentrations and arterial stiffness via Weibull analysis in patients treated with statins (STG) and patients without statin treatment (No-STG). The mode of the Weibull distribution was greater for STG (97.8 mg/dL) than for No-STG (80.7 mg/dL). Notably, compared with No-STG patients, STG patients presented lower hazard functions for TG concentrations up to 170 mg/dL. However, above 170 mg/dL, the hazard function for STG was equal to or slightly greater than that for No-STG. These findings suggest that without statin therapy, atherosclerosis may develop at lower TG concentrations, whereas statins effectively delay its onset. However, the data also highlight the limitations of statins in significantly reducing TG concentrations. This information underscores the importance of patient education in preventing the progression of atherosclerosis. Encouraging lifestyle changes, including improved exercise and dietary habits, can complement statin therapy to optimize cardiovascular health. These findings provide a basis for promoting patient awareness and fostering the proactive management of cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacology and Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake.","authors":"Fernando Capela E Silva, Elsa Lamy, Ana Margarida Advinha","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids Against Gliomas: A Systematic Review (2022-2025).","authors":"Farideh A Javid, Andrej Belancic, Man Ki Kwok, Yun Wah Lam","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most aggressive subtype, characterized by diffuse infiltration, resistance to therapy, and a poor prognosis. Despite standard treatments, survival remains only approximately 14 months. Cannabinoids have been increasingly investigated for their therapeutic potential in gliomas, particularly GBM. Although multiple reviews on this field of research have been published, most are current only up to 2022. This systematic review aims to provide an updated summary of studies published between 2022 and 2025, capturing recent developments in anti-glioma mechanisms, combinational strategies, immune modulation, and novel therapeutic platforms. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink were searched for original English-language journal articles published between January 2022 and February 2025, using search terms related to cannabinoids and brain cancer. From 1031 records, 45 original research articles were included after removing duplicates, non-primary studies, and irrelevant topics. The studies were categorized into seven thematic domains based on content. Recent studies have elaborated on the anti-cancer mechanisms of cannabinoids beyond endocannabinoid signaling via the CB₁/CB₂ receptor, including ferroptosis induction, mitochondrial dysfunction, integrated stress response activation, and epigenetic modulation. Synthetic cannabinoids and their analogs demonstrated enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration and cytotoxicity in glioma models. Cannabinoids have been shown to modulate immune responses in glioma, influencing T cell infiltration, myeloid suppressor cell recruitment, and tumor-associated macrophage function. Novel formulation and delivery strategies have improved cannabinoid solubility, stability, and tumor targeting. Combination therapies, particularly cannabidiol with temozolomide or radiotherapy, exhibited additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects, although variability between glioma subtypes suggests the need for personalized approaches. Although cannabinoid-based glioma research has expanded our understanding of the mechanisms, discrepancies between preclinical findings and clinical data highlight the need for rigorous clinical trials and mechanistic research before cannabinoid-based treatments can be reliably integrated into standard glioma care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Completeness of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Drug Reactions by Consumers, Healthcare Professionals, and Pharmaceutical Companies: An Evaluation of Databases From Two High-Income Countries.","authors":"Mohammed Gebre Dedefo, Gizat M Kassie, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Renly Lim, Elizabeth Roughead, Lisa Kalisch Ellett","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed whether the completeness of spontaneously reported adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports differs between consumers and healthcare professionals when submitted directly to regulators, and how this compares to reports from pharmaceutical companies. ADR reports (2014-2023) were obtained from public databases in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK), focusing on the medicine classes sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. ADR report completeness was assessed using vigiGrade tool variables. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis. A total of 17 897 reports were analyzed-13 613 from the UK Yellow Card Scheme and 4284 from Canada. Most Canadian reports were submitted by pharmaceutical companies (55%), while in the UK, healthcare professionals submitted the majority (69%). Few reports were submitted directly by consumers in either Canada (4%) or the UK (7%). In Canada, the average completeness was 82% for consumer and healthcare professional reports and 57% for pharmaceutical companies. In the UK, completeness was 80% (consumers), 82% (healthcare professionals), and 69% (pharmaceutical companies). Canadian pharmaceutical company reports were significantly less complete for age, sex, outcome, dose, indication, and route of administration (all p < 0.001). In the UK, they were less complete for age, sex, and route of administration (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, reports submitted directly to regulators by consumers and healthcare professionals were more complete than those from pharmaceutical companies. The low consumer reporting rate, yet high completeness rate, highlights the need to encourage direct reporting to regulators to improve medicine safety monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perception of Pharmacology Among College Students: An East London Perspective.","authors":"Cara Camilla Chantry, Elisa Salinas Pérez, Sahil Seyal, Saarah Mohammed, Devyani Deshai, Kristine Ofori, Muhummed Awan, Rayna Haque, Florence Olivia Mehtar, Samir S Ayoub","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacology is an integrative discipline that plays an integral part in the development of new medicines with improved safety and efficacy profiles. Sustained growth of this important discipline within the UK is made possible through training of the next generation of pharmacologists. In order to ensure that interest in pharmacology continues to grow, endeavors aimed at exposing students to pharmacology from earlier stages of their educational journeys have to be put in place. To this end, the current study aimed at capturing the perception of further education students on pharmacology in the East London area. This survey-based study, which took place between 2020 and 2021, consisted of multiple choice questions. The study revealed that over 80% of the surveyed biology and chemistry students have previously heard about pharmacology. However, when assessing their basic knowledge of pharmacology, it emerged that students had a somewhat distorted perception of pharmacology, as only 9.8% of the students associated pharmacology with biology. Additionally, students confused pharmacology with pharmacy. Students also had a somewhat limited understanding of what pharmacologists do. Finally, 23.5% of the students stated that they would consider studying pharmacology at university if they received sufficient introduction, with 92.2% of the students stating that they would like to see pharmacology added to their further education curriculum. In order to ensure the growth of pharmacology in the UK and given the misconceptions that students have, as highlighted in this study, we recommend that basic pharmacology education be introduced to the further education curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Virtual Pharmacology Lecture, Attendance and Performance: Personal Experience With Veterinary Students of the University of BUEA, Southwest Cameroon.","authors":"Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan, Manchang Tanyi Kingsley","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk and cost of transportation and other unforeseen circumstances can hamper in-person pharmacology lectures with students. Hence, the study is aimed at identifying the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacology lectures via Zoom. A crossover design was adopted for the study that involved a total of 151 students of veterinary medicine, which comprised students of 400 level (52), 500 level (52) and 600 level (47) who participated six times in the study for one semester. All the lectures were delivered online. The levels and average numbers of online lecture participants were 400 level (22.3), 500 level (22.8) and 600 level (21.3) for Principles of Pharmacology, Applied Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, respectively. The findings showed no significant difference in online connection (p > 0.05) between 400, 500, and 600 level students. The numbers of students that passed Principles of Pharmacology (15), Applied Pharmacology (13) and Therapeutics (14) showed that the level of study and performance on the tests were connected with lecture attendance. Fourty-four percent attended the lectures, whereas 56% were absent. However, 27.8% of all the students passed the tests, whereas 72.2% failed the tests, respectively. The highest number of feedbacks (p < 0.05) was received from 500 level students (32), as compared to 400 level students (24) and 600 level students (17), respectively. The study has shown that online pharmacology lectures can serve as an alternative to in-person lectures, though associated with technical problems. However, many students showed much enthusiasm and praised the lecturer for his frantic effort in delivering the lectures, cordial lecturer/student relationship, and his objectivity toward class. The failure of power supply, problems of coordinating courses, zoom meeting network issues, insufficient laptops and phones, as well as the problem of connection with the course lecturer for the online lectures are disadvantages. Online lecturer/student relationship, objectivity of the lecturer, and lecturing methods can boost students' morale and interest in online lectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evaluation of the Oral Toxicity, Genotoxicity, and Safety Pharmacology of LPM4870108, a Novel Potent Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitor.","authors":"Xiaochen Zhang, Baiyang Yuan, Chunmei Li, Hongbo Wang, Shujuan Wei, Jingwei Tian, Sijin Duan","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors are an essential class of anticancer drugs treating NTRK gene fusions-positive cancer. However, the potential for the emergence of on-target resistance suggests newer Trk inhibitors with low drug resistance risk are needed. LPM4870108 is a novel Trk inhibitor with robust anticancer efficacy in preclinical studies. To support future clinical development, this study systematically evaluated the acute and subacute (4-week) toxicity, toxicokinetic, genotoxic, and safety pharmacology of LPM4870108. The acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose of LPM4870108 was 300 mg/kg, whereas subacute studies determined its STD₁₀ in rats was 10 mg/kg/day. The toxicological effects of LPM4870108 were consistent with its pharmacodynamic efficacies as a Trk inhibitor, including corneal inflammation, splenic lymphocytopenia, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, scab formation, and increased food consumption and body weight. These changes were partially or fully recovered after 4 weeks of recovery. In rats treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg/day, 2/30, or 6/30 rats died or were moribund, and the primary organs affected by treatment-related toxicity included the eyes, liver, and skin. Rat toxicokinetic findings were consistent with a dose-dependent effect of LPM4870108. There was no evidence of LPM4870108-related genotoxicity, nor did it affect respiratory function or neurobehavioral activity in rats or blood pressure or electrocardiogram results in rhesus monkeys. The IC₅₀ of LPM4870108 for hERG current inhibition was 18.2 μM. Together, these results demonstrate that LPM4870108 exhibits a satisfactory safety profile which is appropriate for further clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam Pharmacokinetic Comparative In Vivo/In Vitro Study in a Critically Ill Children Under High-Volume Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration.","authors":"Michael Thy, Alexandre Debs, Gabrielle Lui, Leo Froelicher-Bournaud, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Mehdi Oualha","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceftazidime-avibactam is a novel cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination developed to address increasing antimicrobial resistance. This report presents a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and avibactam, utilizing in vitro data derived from two experiments with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) simulation and a comparison with a previously published in vivo case report. The results highlight the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and the need for higher dosing or continuous infusion of ceftazidime-avibactam in critically ill children under crontinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upadacitinib-Induced Hemolysis in a Patient With Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency-A Possible Adverse Drug Reaction.","authors":"Laura Patanè, Giuseppe Costantino, Marco Muscianisi, Clara De Francesco, Anna Viola, Walter Fries","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/prp2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a heterogenous disorder that may lead to severe hemolytic events with the ingestion of fava beans and exposure to certain drugs. We report the first case of a 65-year-old male with Crohn's disease who developed a hemolytic crisis leading to hospitalization shortly after commencement of upadacitinib. An autoimmune condition was excluded but, as his family history was a positive for G6PD deficiency, very low levels of erythrocyte G6PD were detected. Upadacitinib was immediately discontinued with subsequent resolution of hemolysis. This case highlights the importance of rigorous pharmacological surveillance and suggests the need for further studies to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this adverse reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19948,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","volume":"13 4","pages":"e70143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}