{"title":"Saliva as a matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease biomarkers in children and adolescents.","authors":"Matylda Resztak, Andrzej Czyrski, Joanna Sobiak","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00732-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00732-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saliva is a more accessible, less stressful, and less expensive biological matrix than blood, and may be applicable in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Saliva concentrations reflect the pharmacologically active unbound drug. This review provides the latest information on saliva as a matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and biomarker determination in infants, children, and adolescents. Literature was searched up to October 2024 using the PubMed database and 64 studies were included in TDM, steroids, supplements, disease biomarkers, dentistry, genetics, and other categories. Unstimulated saliva was collected using cotton swabs or synthetic fiber rolls, as expectorated or freely flowing saliva, and stimulated by chewing on a rubber band or paraffin block. For drug determination, saliva was purified by centrifugation. Protein precipitation or extraction was rarely used. Saliva volumes for analyses were low (2.5-10 µL). Chromatographic methods and immunoassays were used for drug determination. Commercially available kits were applied for saliva hormones analysis or DNA quantification. For some antibiotics, antiepileptics, mood-stabilizers, analgesics, and immunosuppressants, saliva-plasma correlations were found. Saliva has the potential for fentanyl and prednisolone TDM in the pediatric population and for congenital adrenal hyperplasia monitoring. Salivary cortisol measurements in adolescents may play a role in sociological and psychological responses to stress, whereas in infants may reflect the depressive symptoms and higher cortisol levels of mothers. Saliva may help in diagnosing Keratoconus, pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and quantitative behavioral difficulties. Saliva sampling depends on patient compliance. The samples may be contaminated with blood from gingival bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michał Walaszek, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Zofia Kachlik, Michał Pastuszak, Krzysztof Pastuszak, Aleksander Kwaśny
{"title":"Non-response to short-term ketamine use for treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Michał Walaszek, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Zofia Kachlik, Michał Pastuszak, Krzysztof Pastuszak, Aleksander Kwaśny","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00730-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00730-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ketamine is currently gaining attention as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, many patients fail to respond, and limited data exist on predictors of non-response. This study aims to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical features associated with non-response to ketamine among TRD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a post-hoc analysis of a naturalistic observational study, which enrolled 40 inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and analyzed sociodemographic and clinical features in responders and non-responders stratified per Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during short-term ketamine administration (intravenous dosage: 0,5 mg/kg and orally: 2.0 or 2.5 mg/kg) that comprise over 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 30 patients (75%) were classified as non-responders. No significant differences were detected among sociodemographic and clinical features beyond the history of substance use disorder (SUD) - only 53.3% of non-responders reported prior SUD (vs. 100%; p = 0.0075) and a lower number of psychiatric comorbidities (p = 0.0381).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights key characteristics of TRD non-responders to ketamine, including lower rates of SUD and fewer psychiatric comorbidities. These findings suggest that a higher burden of traditional TRD risk factors may not limit ketamine efficacy and could even enhance response compared to \"pure\" major depressive disorder. Identifying potential non-responders early can optimize treatment decisions, reduce ineffective exposure, and guide future research on improving TRD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renato Ferreira-da-Silva, Lurdes Silva, Cristina Costa-Santos, Manuela Morato, Jorge Junqueira Polónia, Inês Ribeiro-Vaz, Manuela Pinto, Marta Pereira, Inês Marques Figueira, Sofia Baptista, Helena Farinha, Fátima Falcão, Ana Mirco, Liliana Calixto, Madalena Melo
{"title":"Post-marketing surveillance study on the effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir in high-risk COVID-19 outpatients: a prospective case series study.","authors":"Renato Ferreira-da-Silva, Lurdes Silva, Cristina Costa-Santos, Manuela Morato, Jorge Junqueira Polónia, Inês Ribeiro-Vaz, Manuela Pinto, Marta Pereira, Inês Marques Figueira, Sofia Baptista, Helena Farinha, Fátima Falcão, Ana Mirco, Liliana Calixto, Madalena Melo","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00729-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00729-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molnupiravir, approved for treating mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults, aims to reduce hospitalisation and mortality rates. Although it was withdrawn from the market after the present study was conducted, understanding its long-term effects remains pertinent. We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir in high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multicenter, noninterventional, postmarketing cohort study enrolled high-risk COVID-19 outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19, eligible under national prescribing criteria, who initiated molnupiravir within five days of symptom onset and were ineligible for first-line antiviral therapy. Patients were consecutively enrolled from eight Portuguese study sites and monitored for three months. Effectiveness was assessed by all-cause mortality and hospitalisation through day 29. Safety was evaluated by the incidence, severity, and causality of adverse events (AE), coded using MedDRA terminology and assessed via the WHO-UMC system. Data were collected through structured patient questionnaires and electronic health records. Statistical analysis was descriptive; proportions were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and comparisons between groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By day 29 post-treatment initiation, no deaths were reported (n = 0; 0%; 95%CI = [0,26]), and all patients were either at home or institutionalised, with favourable outcomes. Out of the 12 patients enrolled, eight (67%; 95%CI = [35,90]) reported at least one AE, with the median time to the first AE being five days (range 5-7 days). Half of the patients (n = 6; 95%CI = [21,79]) reported AE deemed possibly or probably related to molnupiravir, involving nausea (25%), dizziness (17%), bitter taste (17%), and headache (17%). These AE were more commonly observed in older individuals and those overweight, indicating a potential influence of these factors on AE occurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Molnupiravir appears to show good safety and effectiveness, offering an alternative for high-risk COVID-19 outpatients ineligible for first-line therapy. Despite its market withdrawal, ongoing research into its long-term effects is crucial to potentially repurpose it for other viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piotr Rzymski, Anna Piekarska, Robert Pleśniak, Dominik Sznajder, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Maciej Piasecki, Monika Pazgan-Simon, Justyna Hlebowicz, Karolina Turzańska, Włodzimierz Mazur, Paweł Skwara, Katarzyna Sikorska, Piotr Czupryna, Szymon Piaszczyński, Robert Flisiak
{"title":"Unraveling Poland's unprecedented influenza surge in early 2025: increased viral severity or post-pandemic vulnerability?","authors":"Piotr Rzymski, Anna Piekarska, Robert Pleśniak, Dominik Sznajder, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Maciej Piasecki, Monika Pazgan-Simon, Justyna Hlebowicz, Karolina Turzańska, Włodzimierz Mazur, Paweł Skwara, Katarzyna Sikorska, Piotr Czupryna, Szymon Piaszczyński, Robert Flisiak","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00731-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00731-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>At the end of 2024, Polish infectious disease specialists observed a sharp increase in influenza hospitalizations, raising concerns about potential underlying causes. This study aimed to analyze differences in patient characteristics, disease progression, and outcomes among individuals hospitalized for influenza in January 2025 compared to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an exploratory retrospective comparative study across leading infectious disease units in Poland, evaluating demographic data, clinical presentations, treatment regimens, and outcomes of hospitalized influenza patients from both periods. Key variables included influenza type, age, sex distribution, symptom profile, oxygen saturation, inflammatory markers, presence of co-infections, and type of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hospitalizations surged by 630% in January 2025, with in-hospital mortality nearly quadrupling to 10.7%. Despite this, patients from both periods had comparable demographic and clinical admission profiles. Most were treated with oseltamivir (though its use was below 90%), and most required antibiotics for bacterial co-infections. Unsurprisingly, the vast majority of hospitalized patients (97%) and non-survivors (93%) in 2025 were unvaccinated. Among non-survivors in 2025, all were infected with influenza A, were older, had higher rates of chronic peripheral circulatory failure, chronic kidney disease, and immunodeficiency, and exhibited more severe inflammatory responses, lower oxygen saturation, and a higher prevalence of dyspnea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observed surge likely reflects a post-pandemic phenomenon in a vulnerable, aging, comorbid, and largely unvaccinated population. The findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced influenza vaccination strategies in high-risk groups in Poland, as well as the importance of maintaining continuous antiviral availability throughout the epidemic season. Further research encompassing full-season comparisons and incorporating virological, immunological, and health system factors are warranted to better understand the drivers of such surges and guide future preparedness efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosa Ventura-Martínez, Guadalupe Esther Ángeles-López, Tania Domínguez-Páez, Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez, Wendy Arratia-Damián, Maria Eva González-Trujano, Myrna Déciga-Campos
{"title":"Involvement of TRPV1 and MOR-NMDAR complex on the antiallodynic effect of LMH-2, a sigma-1 receptor antagonist, in mouse model of diabetic neuropathy - a behavioral approach.","authors":"Rosa Ventura-Martínez, Guadalupe Esther Ángeles-López, Tania Domínguez-Páez, Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez, Wendy Arratia-Damián, Maria Eva González-Trujano, Myrna Déciga-Campos","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00727-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00727-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, the antinociceptive effect of LMH-2, a σ1 receptor antagonist, has been reported in diabetic mice with neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism by which this effect is produced is not completely clear. In this study, we explored the involvement of TRPV1 and the MOR-NMDAR complex in the antiallodynic effect of LMH-2 in hyperglycemic mice with neuropathic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by administering streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Four weeks later, once neuropathic pain was established, the antiallodynic effect of LMH-2 (56.2 mg/kg) was evaluated using the up-down method with the von Frey filaments, both in the absence and the presence of capsazepine (8 mg/kg, ip), naloxone (NLX, 1 mg/kg, ip), NMDA (0.4 nM/10 µL, it), or their co-administration (NLX-NMDA). Gabapentin was used as positive control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretreatment with NLX did not alter the antiallodynic effect of LMH-2 in the up-down method with the von Frey filaments in hyperglycemic mice, whereas NMDA significantly reduced it. The addition of NLX to NMDA (NLX-NMDA) did not modify the effect of NMDA alone on the antiallodynic activity of LMH-2. Additionally, capsazepine completely blocked the antinociceptive effect of LMH-2 in hyperglycemic mice. Molecular docking analysis suggested a potential interaction between LMH-2 and TRPV1. Moreover, a higher dose of LMH-2 did not cause mortality or damage in healthy mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest the potential utility of LMH-2 in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and highlight a key role for TRPV1 in LMH-2's antiallodynic mechanism, along with a possible, albeit limited, interaction with the MOR/NMDA complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Poniedziałek, Marek Siwulski, Iwona Komaniecka, Adrian Wiater, Adam Choma, Joanna Rosińska, Barbara Frąszczak, Piotr Rzymski
{"title":"Antiplatelet potencies of polysaccharides extracted from eight cultivated edible Pleurotus mushroom species.","authors":"Barbara Poniedziałek, Marek Siwulski, Iwona Komaniecka, Adrian Wiater, Adam Choma, Joanna Rosińska, Barbara Frąszczak, Piotr Rzymski","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00726-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00726-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global health challenge, necessitating effective antiplatelet therapies to mitigate thrombotic risks. Conventional antiplatelet agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) inhibitors, are effective but present limitations, including bleeding complications and resistance in some patients. This study investigates the antiplatelet potential of polysaccharide fractions extracted from fruiting bodies of eight different edible Pleurotus mushroom species cultivated for the purpose of this research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mushroom polysaccharide fractions were extracted from eight Pleurotus species (P. citrinopileatus, P. columbinus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. florida, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and P. sajor-caju) with cold water. Using multiple electrode aggregometry, we evaluated their inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polysaccharides from all tested Pleurotus species exhibit significant inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the 69-75% range, comparable to or exceeding that of ASA. While their beneficial effect on AA-induced aggregation was lower and limited to selected species with inhibition in the 6-46% range, polysaccharides from P. djamor and P. sajor-caju demonstrated promising dual inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that Pleurotus-derived polysaccharides may serve as potential natural alternatives or adjuncts to existing antiplatelet therapies. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are warranted to investigate their therapeutic potential in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacological ReportsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1007/s43440-025-00698-6
Ali Lesani, Fatemeh Mashaknejadian Behbahani, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Hamed Shafaroodi, Saman Khosravi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour
{"title":"Acute anticonvulsant effects of dapsone on PTZ- and MES-induced seizures in mice: NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway preservation.","authors":"Ali Lesani, Fatemeh Mashaknejadian Behbahani, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Hamed Shafaroodi, Saman Khosravi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00698-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-025-00698-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, presents considerable difficulties in treatment, particularly when dealing with drug-resistant cases. Dapsone, recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise as a potential therapeutic option. However, its effectiveness in epilepsy requires further investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of dapsone on seizure activity and neuroinflammation, particularly through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)/ Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathways, to better understand its therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the effects of dapsone, two seizure models were utilized in mice: pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced clonic seizures and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in mice. The impact of dapsone on neuroinflammatory markers and oxidative stress pathways, specifically Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3, as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and IL-18, was assessed using Western blotting and ELISA techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, dapsone (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, ip) showcased a significant increase in clonic seizure threshold following intravenous infusion of PTZ. Notably, doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg exhibited increased latency and decreased the number of seizures. Additionally, dapsone at 10 and 20 mg/kg prevented the incidence of GTCS and subsequent mortality in the MES model. Furthermore, Dapsone demonstrated modulation of Nrf2/ HO-1 and NLRP3 IL-1 β/IL-18 pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dapsone in epilepsy, emphasizing the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3 pathways. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical research aimed at developing dapsone-based therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"450-462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacological ReportsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00692-4
Rakesh Kumar Singh
{"title":"Intranasal amyloid model of Alzheimer's disease - potential opportunities and challenges.","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00692-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00692-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>) peptide is one of the most studied disease-related amyloidogenic peptides implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite significant scientific breakthroughs in the recent past, the existing non-transgenic animal models do not demonstrate accurate pathology of AD progression. This review has presented a concise mechanistic understanding of the intranasal amyloid-based animal model of AD, along with its advantages, challenges, and major limitations. Furthermore, discussions on how to combat these challenges to pave the road toward developing novel therapeutics for AD, have also been included. Preclinical exploration of repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposure would certainly aid the translational development of a robust animal model of AD. This will also provide a better understanding of disease progression and pathology in the intranasal animal model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"425-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacological ReportsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00683-5
Mohammad Sheibani, Azam Hosseinzadeh, Iman Fatemi, Ali Jamshidi Naeini, Saeed Mehrzadi
{"title":"Practical application of melatonin for pancreas disorders: protective roles against inflammation, malignancy, and dysfunctions.","authors":"Mohammad Sheibani, Azam Hosseinzadeh, Iman Fatemi, Ali Jamshidi Naeini, Saeed Mehrzadi","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00683-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00683-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin, a hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland, exhibits a range of physiological functions that extend beyond its well-known role in regulating circadian rhythms. This hormone influences energy metabolism, modulates insulin sensitivity, and plays a significant role in controlling sleep patterns and food intake. Notably, melatonin is also synthesized in various peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal system and pancreas, suggesting its function as a local hormone. The presence of melatonin receptors in the pancreas underscores its relevance in pancreatic physiology. Pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, often stem from inflammatory processes. The majority of these conditions are characterized by dysregulated immune responses and oxidative stress. Melatonin's anti-inflammatory properties are mediated through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, which help to mitigate cellular damage. Furthermore, melatonin has demonstrated pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells, promoting cell death in malignant tissues while preserving healthy cells. Thus, melatonin emerges as a multifaceted agent with significant therapeutic potential for pancreatic disorders. Its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress positions it as a promising adjunct therapy for conditions such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. By modulating immune responses and enhancing cellular resilience through antioxidant mechanisms, melatonin not only addresses the symptoms but also targets the underlying pathophysiological processes associated with these disorders. This review aims to categorize and summarize the impacts of melatonin on pancreatic functions and disorders, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing pancreatic dysfunctions. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms by which melatonin exerts its protective effects on pancreatic tissues and exploring optimal dosing strategies for clinical applications. The integration of melatonin into treatment regimens may enhance existing therapies and offer new hope for individuals suffering from pancreatic dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"315-332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Wojcieszak, Katarzyna Kuczyńska, Adrianna Leszczyńska, Eryk Naraziński, Maria Cichalewska-Studzińska
{"title":"Correction: Access to high-fat diet results in increased sensitivity to the psychostimulant effects of MDPV in mice.","authors":"Jakub Wojcieszak, Katarzyna Kuczyńska, Adrianna Leszczyńska, Eryk Naraziński, Maria Cichalewska-Studzińska","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00705-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-025-00705-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}