Pharmacological Reports最新文献

{"title":"[¹¹C]MK-6884 PET imaging reveals lower M₄ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability following cocaine self-administration in male rats.","authors":"Krishna K Gollapelli, Ivan Krizan, Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal, Naresh Damuka, Carson Moriarty, Mack Miller, Kiran K Solingapuram Sai, Robert W Gould","doi":"10.1007/s43440-025-00695-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00695-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) remains a significant problem in the United States, with high rates of relapse and no present FDA-approved treatment. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, specifically through modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) function, has shown promise as a therapeutic target for multiple aspects of CUD. Enhancement of the M₄ mAChR subtype via positive allosteric modulation has been shown to inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine across several rodent models of CUD. However, it is unclear how cocaine exposure affects M₄ mAChR expression or distribution.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of cocaine self-administration on M₄ mAChR availability using [¹¹C]MK-6884 in vivo PET imaging in rats that self-administered cocaine (cocaine SA) or sucrose pellets (control).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine or sucrose pellets for 15 days under 2-h or 4-h sessions followed by PET imaging with [¹¹C]MK-6884, a radiolabeled M₄ selective positive allosteric modulator to determine the effects of cocaine on [¹¹C]MK-6884 standard uptake values with cerebellum as reference (SUVr).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative cocaine intake ranged between 324 and 776 mg/kg. Cocaine self-administration was associated with significantly lower [¹¹C]MK-6884 SUVrs in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum compared to cocaine-naive rats, with a negative correlation between radiotracer SUVrs and cocaine intake in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that cocaine self-administration decreases M₄ mAChR availability, providing further support for pursuing activation/enhancement of M₄ mAChR function as a viable pharmacotherapeutic approach for CUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy in women with major depressive disorder: insights from a case series study.","authors":"Jairo Izidro Rossetti Navarro Júnior, Rafaela Aires, Thiago Antonio de Sousa Cutrim, Elisardo Corral Vasquez, Thiago Melo Costa Pereira, Bianca Prandi Campagnaro","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00690-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00690-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The therapeutic targeting of the intestinal microbiota has gained increasing attention as a promising avenue for addressing mood disorders. This study aimed to assess the potential effect of supplementing standard pharmacological treatment with the probiotic kefir in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight female participants diagnosed with moderate MDD by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were selected to receive the probiotic kefir in conjunction with antidepressant therapy for 12 weeks. The participants were evaluated at baseline (T0) and 90 days after probiotic kefir supplementation (T90). HAM-D scores and blood samples were collected at both time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced MDD severity, as evidenced by lower HAM-D scores compared to baseline. Probiotic consumption for 90 days also significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels compared to baseline. However, probiotic kefir supplementation did not significantly affect serum serotonin levels. Additionally, after 90 days of probiotic consumption, insulin and morning cortisol levels were significantly reduced. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in serum levels of prolactin, vitamin D, and afternoon cortisol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of probiotics, specifically kefir, as adjunctive therapy for female patients with MDD. The findings highlight promising results in ameliorating depressive symptoms and modulating inflammatory and hormonal markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal amyloid model of Alzheimer's disease - potential opportunities and challenges.","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00692-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00692-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ_1-42) peptide is one of the most studied disease-related amyloidogenic peptides implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite significant scientific breakthroughs in the recent past, the existing non-transgenic animal models do not demonstrate accurate pathology of AD progression. This review has presented a concise mechanistic understanding of the intranasal amyloid-based animal model of AD, along with its advantages, challenges, and major limitations. Furthermore, discussions on how to combat these challenges to pave the road toward developing novel therapeutics for AD, have also been included. Preclinical exploration of repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposure would certainly aid the translational development of a robust animal model of AD. This will also provide a better understanding of disease progression and pathology in the intranasal animal model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red cell microparticles produced using high-pressure extrusion enhance both primary and secondary hemostasis.","authors":"Snigdha Sama, Sunjoo Cho, Ashish K Rehni, Wenche Jy, Kunjan R Dave","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00688-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00688-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current therapies to treat excessive bleeding are associated with significant complications, which may outweigh their benefits. Red blood cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) are a promising hemostatic agent. Previous studies demonstrated that they reduce bleeding in animal models, correct coagulation defects in patient blood, and have an excellent safety profile. However, their exact mechanism of action is not known. We investigated the potential role of RMPs on primary and secondary hemostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the effects of RMPs, prepared using high-pressure extrusion, on primary hemostasis, we employed platelet aggregometry with platelet inhibitors, eptifibatide, and ticagrelor, with and without RMPs. To evaluate their effects on secondary hemostasis, we employed thromboelastography with plasma deficient in factors VII, VIII, IX, XI, and XII with and without RMPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that RMPs significantly increased collagen-induced platelet aggregation. However, there were no significant differences with and without RMP in the presence of the platelet inhibitors, indicating that RMPs may work through these receptors, either directly or indirectly. For secondary hemostasis, RMPs significantly decreased clotting times for plasma deficient in factors VII, VIII, IX, and XI but not in XII.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that RMPs enhance primary hemostasis and both pathways of secondary hemostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebound effect, discontinuation, and withdrawal syndromes associated with drugs used in psychiatric and neurological disorders.","authors":"Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek, Michał Jarkiewicz, Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00689-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cessation of the drug can cause withdrawal syndrome, discontinuation syndrome, or rebound effect. The common feature of these phenomena is a quick onset, usually limited duration depending on the drug's half-life and remission after restarting the therapy. They are characterized by varying clusters of somatic, autonomic, and psychiatric symptoms. Originally withdrawal syndrome was described for drugs with addictive properties such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines. On the other hand sudden abrupt of antidepressants or antipsychotics may cause discontinuation symptoms including movement or sensory disturbances, sleep disturbances, and hyperarousal but generally of less severity comparing to withdrawal syndrome. The aforementioned syndromes are physiologically based on the predominance of cellular counter-regulations as an effect of the sudden abrupt of a regularly taken medication. Classically the pathogenesis of withdrawal syndrome, based on physical dependence, results in life-threatening, long-lasting manifestations such as, seizures and delirium, different from the treated disease. In turn, these symptoms are not typical for discontinuation syndrome which is not considered as serious and usually spontaneously resolving. In turn, the rebound effect is clinically characterized by the relapse of the disease symptoms that are controlled by medication, but of greater severity than those before treatment.In the current review, we describe withdrawal and discontinuation syndromes associated with selected drugs used in psychiatry and neurology, risk factors, and recommendations for diminishing syndrome occurrence. Knowledge of their pathogenesis and symptoms resulting from drug discontinuation may be helpful in syndrome management and expectantly reduces the risk of diagnostic and therapeutic errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quest for optimal ketamine dosing formula in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.","authors":"Julia Kwaśna, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Aleksander Kwaśny, Alina Wilkowska","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00637-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00637-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence indicates that intravenous ketamine is effective in managing treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Clinical studies highlight its favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile within a dosage range of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg based on actual body weight. However, data on alternative dosage calculation methods, particularly in relation to body mass index (BMI) and therapeutic outcomes, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis of an open-label study aims to evaluate dose calculation strategies and their impact on treatment response among inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 28). The study employed the Boer and Devine formulas to determine lean body mass (LBM) and ideal body weight (IBW), and the Mosteller formula to estimate body surface area (BSA). The calculated doses were then compared with the actual doses administered or converted to a dosage per square meter for both responders and non-responders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of treatment response, defined as a reduction of 50% in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the use of alternative ketamine dosing formulas resulted in underdosing compared to the standardized dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Only two participants received higher doses (102.7% and 113.0%) when the Devine formula was applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that ketamine dosing formulas, alternative to the standardized 0.5 mg/kg based on body weight, may lead to underdosing and potentially impact outcome interpretation. To enhance dosing accuracy, future studies should consider incorporating body impedance analysis and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, as this study did not account for body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1318-1324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LY354740, an agonist of glutamatergic metabotropic receptor mGlu_2/3 increases the cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) activity in the frontal cortical area of rat brain.","authors":"Ewa Bromek, Anna Haduch, Renata Pukło, Władysława A Daniel","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00675-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00675-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous studies indicated that changes in the functioning of the brain glutamatergic system involving the NMDA receptor may affect cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) in the brain. Since CYP2D may contribute to the metabolism of neurotransmitters and neurosteroids engaged in the pathology and pharmacology of neuropsychiatric diseases, in the present work we have investigated the effect of compound LY354740, an agonist of glutamatergic metabotropic receptor mGlu_2/3, on brain and liver CYP2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The activity (high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection) and protein levels (Western blotting) of CYP2D were measured in the microsomes from the liver and different brain areas of male Wistar rats after 5 day-treatment with LY354740 (10 mg/kg ip). The results were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the investigated brain areas, the highest CYP2D activity was found in the cerebellum and brainstem, which exceeded that in the thalamus, cortex, hippocampus and frontal cortex. The mGlu_2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 administered for five consecutive days significantly increased the protein level and activity of CYP2D in the frontal cortex. Such a tendency was also observed in the other brain areas. LY354740 did not affect the CYP2D activity in the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeated administration of the mGlu_2/3 receptor agonist, the compound LY354740 specifically increases the protein level and activity of CYP2D in the frontal cortex, which may accelerate dopamine synthesis via an alternative CYP2D-mediated route in the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway, and thus may contribute to the beneficial pharmacological effect on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression patients undergoing ketamine treatment.","authors":"Aleksander Kwaśny, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Adam Włodarczyk, Krzysztof Pastuszak","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00641-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00641-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines self-reported sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) inpatients following intravenous ketamine administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a post-hoc analysis of a naturalistic observational study, which enrolled 28 inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and analyzed self-reported sleep changes (items 1-4; 'insomnia', 'nighttime restlessness', 'early morning waking', 'hypersomnia') in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 30-item (IDS SR-30) in responders and non-responders stratified per Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during short-term ketamine treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responders, as well as non-responders, did not experience significant changes in IDS SR-30 sleep items ('insomnia', 'nighttime restlessness', 'early morning waking', 'hypersomnia') (p's > 0.05) at 7-day follow-up after eight intravenous ketamine infusions as compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neither responders, nor non-responders reported any significant alterations in sleep patterns during ketamine infusions. These findings are not in line with current literature, as so far modest improvements in sleep during ketamine treatment have been reported. Results should be interpreted with caution, primarily due to the small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1325-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of ibuprofenate amino acid isopropyl esters: insights into antioxidant activity, cytocompatibility, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory potential.","authors":"Magdalena Perużyńska, Anna Nowak, Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, Łukasz Kucharski, Joanna Klebeko, Karolina Bilska, Ewelina Kopciuch, Radosław Birger, Marek Droździk, Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00666-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00666-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain relief and inflammation management, but there are challenges related to poor solubility and bioavailability. We explored modifications of ibuprofen (IBU) by forming ionic pairs using amino acid alkyl esters to enhance solubility without compromising the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2). We comprehensively evaluated the pharmacological properties of the IBU derivatives, focusing on antioxidant activity (based on the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS), biocompatibility (using human dermal fibroblasts), and COX inhibitory potential. The antioxidant activity assays significantly enhanced DPPH scavenging activity for several IBU derivatives, particularly [L-SerOiPr][IBU], suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. There was enhanced cell viability with select derivatives, indicating possible stimulatory effects on cellular proliferation. Finally, predominant COX-1 inhibition across derivatives was consistent with IBU's profile. This study provides insights into the pharmacological properties of IBU amino acid derivatives, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. Further exploration into structure-activity relationships and in vivo efficacy warranted to advance these derivatives toward clinical applications, offering prospects for novel NSAIDs with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 agonist 4-CMTB and FFAR4 agonist GSK13764 inhibit colon cancer cell growth and migration and regulate FFARs expression in in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Agata Binienda, Katarzyna Owczarek, Maciej Sałaga, Jakub Fichna","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00667-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00667-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that divide into 4 subtypes; FFAR2 and FFAR3 are activated by short-chain fatty acids, while FFAR1 and FFAR4 - by long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies show the potential involvement of FFARs in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). A decrease in FFAR2 and FFAR4 gene expression is observed in patients with CRC. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of FFAR2 and FFAR4 stimulation by selective synthetic agonists in in vitro and in vivo models of CRC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>FFAR2 agonist, 4-CMTB, and FFAR4 agonist, GSK137647 were used. Cell viability (CCD 841 CoN and SW-480) was determined after 48 h incubation with tested compounds using MTT assay. Real-time qPCR and Western Blot were used to identify changes in FFARs expression. Migration and invasion were characterized by commercially available tests. Colitis-associated CRC (CACRC) mouse model was induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4-CMTB and GSK137647 significantly reduced cancer cell growth as well as migration and invasion capacities. Both synthetic compounds increased FFAR2 and FFAR4 expression in SW-480 cells. Neither 4-CMTB nor GSK137647 influenced the course of AOM/DSS-induced CACRC in mice, however, 4-CMTB elevated FFAR2 protein expression in mouse tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We presented that stimulation of FFAR2 and FFAR4 may inhibit CRC cell viability and migration and that the FFAR2 and FFAR4 expression decreased in CRC can be restored by treatment with respective agonists, indicating new promising pharmacological targets in CRC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}