Pharmacological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Rebound effect, discontinuation, and withdrawal syndromes associated with drugs used in psychiatric and neurological disorders.","authors":"Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek, Michał Jarkiewicz, Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00689-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cessation of the drug can cause withdrawal syndrome, discontinuation syndrome, or rebound effect. The common feature of these phenomena is a quick onset, usually limited duration depending on the drug's half-life and remission after restarting the therapy. They are characterized by varying clusters of somatic, autonomic, and psychiatric symptoms. Originally withdrawal syndrome was described for drugs with addictive properties such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines. On the other hand sudden abrupt of antidepressants or antipsychotics may cause discontinuation symptoms including movement or sensory disturbances, sleep disturbances, and hyperarousal but generally of less severity comparing to withdrawal syndrome. The aforementioned syndromes are physiologically based on the predominance of cellular counter-regulations as an effect of the sudden abrupt of a regularly taken medication. Classically the pathogenesis of withdrawal syndrome, based on physical dependence, results in life-threatening, long-lasting manifestations such as, seizures and delirium, different from the treated disease. In turn, these symptoms are not typical for discontinuation syndrome which is not considered as serious and usually spontaneously resolving. In turn, the rebound effect is clinically characterized by the relapse of the disease symptoms that are controlled by medication, but of greater severity than those before treatment.In the current review, we describe withdrawal and discontinuation syndromes associated with selected drugs used in psychiatry and neurology, risk factors, and recommendations for diminishing syndrome occurrence. Knowledge of their pathogenesis and symptoms resulting from drug discontinuation may be helpful in syndrome management and expectantly reduces the risk of diagnostic and therapeutic errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced pharmacological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of 1,3 dimethylpurine-2,6-dione derivative (GR-14) with prominent mood-modulating activity in rats.","authors":"Agnieszka Cios, Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa, Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek, Krzysztof Pociecha, Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła, Elżbieta Pękala, Anna Wesołowska","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00686-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00686-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on new candidates for antidepressant/anxiolytic drugs from the long-chain arylpiperazines (LCAPs) group containing a 1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione as a terminal amide fragment fits into the modern exploration trend. This study aimed to examine, for the first time in male Wistar rats, pharmacodynamic (antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like) and pharmacokinetic properties of 7-(5-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pentyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1 H-purine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (GR-14).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities have been assessed in the forced swim test (FST) and Vogel conflict drinking test, respectively. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of GR-14, its distribution into rat tissues, and several in vitro ADME-Tox parameters (hepatocytotoxic, neurocytotoxic, metabolic stability) have been defined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GR-14 produces strong and dose-dependent antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in both tests used. Pharmacokinetic findings demonstrate that GR-14 reveals linear pharmacokinetics tested after intravenous (iv) and was rapidly absorbed after oral (po) administration. It rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which is vital for therapeutic effects in vivo in psychiatric diseases, depression, and anxiety. Moreover, it is slowly eliminated from the brain, maintaining concentrations higher than those in plasma at the last time point measured. Further studies have also shown that GR-14 is an average high-clearance drug in rat liver microsomes and exerts neither hepatocytotoxic nor neurocytotoxic effects in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tested derivative GR-14 presents prominent mood-modulating activity in rats and has promising pharmacokinetic parameters and a good safety profile. The beneficial pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of GR-14 in vivo are in high concordance with its profile in vitro, thus underlining very hopeful properties to support the early development process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of statin therapy on CD40:CD40L signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Fatemeh Askarizadeh, Sercan Karav, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00678-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00678-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins are widely utilized to reduce cholesterol levels, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. They interface with cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. Besides their primary effect, statins demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties in various diseases, highlighting the pleiotropic effect of these drugs. The CD40:CD40L signaling pathway is considered a prominent inflammatory pathway in multiple diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. The findings from clinical trials and in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the potential anti-inflammatory effect of statins in modulating the CD40 signaling pathway and downstream inflammatory mediator. Accordingly, as its classic ligand, statins can suppress immune responses in autoimmune diseases by inhibiting CD40 expression and blocking its interaction with CD40L. Additionally, statins affect intracellular signaling and inhibit inflammatory mediator secretion in chronic inflammatory diseases like asthma and autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erymanthus, and cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis. However, it is essential to note that the anti-inflammatory effect of statins may vary depending on the specific type of statin used. In this study, we aim to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of statins in treating inflammatory diseases by examining their role in regulating immune responses, particularly their impact on the CD40:CD40L signaling pathway, through a comprehensive review of existing literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Select terpenes from Cannabis sativa are antinociceptive in mouse models of post-operative pain and fibromyalgia via adenosine A_2a receptors.","authors":"Caleb A Seekins, Alyssa M Welborn, Abigail M Schwarz, John M Streicher","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00687-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00687-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Terpenes from Cannabis show promise for pain management. Our lab found that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene relieve chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy via Adenosine A_2a receptors (A_2aR). This suggests terpenes as potential non-opioid, non-cannabinoid therapeutics. In this study, we investigated post-operative and fibromyalgia pain, expanding potential terpene applications to different pain types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female CD-1 mice had their baseline mechanical sensitivity measured via von Frey filaments and underwent either paw incision surgery or reserpine-induced fibromyalgia (0.32 mg/kg, sc). After pain was established, the mice received 200 mg/kg ip of a terpene, and their mechanical sensitivity was measured over three hours. To determine the potential mechanism of action, mice were given the A_2aR antagonist istradefylline (3.2 mg/kg, ip) 10 min before terpene, with mechanical sensitivity measured after. Hot plate pain testing was performed as a control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Terpene treatment caused time-dependent elevation of the mechanical thresholds of the mice from both pain models, strongest for geraniol, then linalool or α-humulene, indicating that these four terpenes are anti-nociceptive in post-surgical and fibromyalgia pain. Pretreatment with istradefylline blocked antinociception, suggesting the terpenes act via the A_2aR in these pain models. Terpenes had no effect on hot plate latencies, ruling out non-specific motor effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene may be a viable medication for post-operative and fibromyalgia pain relief. Their mechanism of action via the A_2aR furthers our knowledge of its importance in pain processing and as a target of terpene drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics analysis in rats reveals convergent mechanisms between major depressive disorder and dietary zinc deficiency.","authors":"Łukasz Gąsior, Bartłomiej Pochwat, Monika Zaręba-Kozioł, Jakub Włodarczyk, Andreas Martin Grabrucker, Bernadeta Szewczyk","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00681-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00681-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that dietary zinc deficiency can lead to symptoms similar to those observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we examined proteomic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) of rats, two critical brain regions implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were fed diets either adequate in zinc (ZnA, 50 mg Zn/kg) or deficient in zinc (ZnD, <3 mg/kg) for four weeks. High-throughput proteomic analysis was used to detect changes in protein expression, supplemented by enzyme activity assay for mitochondrial complexes I and IV, examining their functional impacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZnD led to significant alterations in protein expression related to zinc transport and mitochondrial function. Proteomic analysis revealed changes in zinc transporter family members such as Slc30a1 (6.64 log2FC), Slc30a3 (-2.32 log2FC), Slc30a4 (2.87 log2FC), Slc30a5 (5.90 log2FC), Slc30a6 (1.50 log2FC), and Slc30a7 (2.17 log2FC) in the PFC, and Slc30a3 (-1.02 log2FC), Slc30a5 (-1.04 log2FC), and Slc30a7 (1.08 log2FC) in the HP of rats subjected to ZnD. Furthermore, ZnD significantly affected essential mitochondrial activity proteins, including Atp5pb (3.25 log2FC), Cox2 (2.28 log2FC), Atp5me (2.04 log2FC), Cyc1 (2.30 log2FC), Cox4i1 (1.23 log2FC), Cox7c (1.63 log2FC), and Cisd1 (1.55 log2FC), with a pronounced decrease in complex I activity in the PFC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates that ZnD leads to significant proteomic changes in the PFC and HP of rats. Specifically, ZnD alters the expression of zinc transporter proteins and proteins critical for mitochondrial function. The significant decrease in complex I activity in the PFC further underscores the impact of ZnD on mitochondrial function. These results highlight the molecular mechanisms by which ZnD can influence brain function and contribute to symptoms similar to those observed in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ursolic acid in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, current status, challenges, and future research directions.","authors":"Huici Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xijun Ma, Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00684-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00684-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer globally, contributing to approximately 10% of all cancer cases and representing the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Ursolic acid (UA), a widely studied pentacyclic triterpenoid, has attracted substantial attention from researchers and clinicians due to its potential therapeutic effects against malignant tumors. Multiple studies have confirmed that UA inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces differentiation and apoptosis, suppresses invasion, and impedes tumor angiogenesis via diverse mechanisms. However, research specifically addressing UA's anti-CRC effects remains limited, and systematic reviews of its underlying mechanisms in CRC are scarce. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive review of UA's mechanisms of action against CRC, offering valuable insights and references for researchers and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer potential of osthole: targeting gynecological tumors and breast cancer.","authors":"Yingqi Han, Zhengao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00685-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00685-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecological tumors, such as ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers, alongside breast cancer, represent significant malignancies that pose serious threats to women's health worldwide. Standard treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, are commonly utilized in clinical practice. However, challenges such as high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and adverse side effects underscore the urgent need for more effective therapeutic options. Osthole, a natural coumarin compound derived from Chinese herbal medicine, has demonstrated remarkable antitumor activity against various cancers. Emerging evidence indicates that osthole can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of gynecological and breast cancer cells through various mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the tumor microenvironment, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review highlights the recent advancements in osthole research within the context of gynecological and breast cancers, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, and offers a theoretical foundation for its potential development as an anticancer agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quest for optimal ketamine dosing formula in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.","authors":"Julia Kwaśna, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Aleksander Kwaśny, Alina Wilkowska","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00637-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00637-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence indicates that intravenous ketamine is effective in managing treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Clinical studies highlight its favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile within a dosage range of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg based on actual body weight. However, data on alternative dosage calculation methods, particularly in relation to body mass index (BMI) and therapeutic outcomes, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis of an open-label study aims to evaluate dose calculation strategies and their impact on treatment response among inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 28). The study employed the Boer and Devine formulas to determine lean body mass (LBM) and ideal body weight (IBW), and the Mosteller formula to estimate body surface area (BSA). The calculated doses were then compared with the actual doses administered or converted to a dosage per square meter for both responders and non-responders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of treatment response, defined as a reduction of 50% in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the use of alternative ketamine dosing formulas resulted in underdosing compared to the standardized dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Only two participants received higher doses (102.7% and 113.0%) when the Devine formula was applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that ketamine dosing formulas, alternative to the standardized 0.5 mg/kg based on body weight, may lead to underdosing and potentially impact outcome interpretation. To enhance dosing accuracy, future studies should consider incorporating body impedance analysis and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, as this study did not account for body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1318-1324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LY354740, an agonist of glutamatergic metabotropic receptor mGlu_2/3 increases the cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) activity in the frontal cortical area of rat brain.","authors":"Ewa Bromek, Anna Haduch, Renata Pukło, Władysława A Daniel","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00675-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00675-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous studies indicated that changes in the functioning of the brain glutamatergic system involving the NMDA receptor may affect cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) in the brain. Since CYP2D may contribute to the metabolism of neurotransmitters and neurosteroids engaged in the pathology and pharmacology of neuropsychiatric diseases, in the present work we have investigated the effect of compound LY354740, an agonist of glutamatergic metabotropic receptor mGlu_2/3, on brain and liver CYP2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The activity (high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection) and protein levels (Western blotting) of CYP2D were measured in the microsomes from the liver and different brain areas of male Wistar rats after 5 day-treatment with LY354740 (10 mg/kg ip). The results were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the investigated brain areas, the highest CYP2D activity was found in the cerebellum and brainstem, which exceeded that in the thalamus, cortex, hippocampus and frontal cortex. The mGlu_2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 administered for five consecutive days significantly increased the protein level and activity of CYP2D in the frontal cortex. Such a tendency was also observed in the other brain areas. LY354740 did not affect the CYP2D activity in the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeated administration of the mGlu_2/3 receptor agonist, the compound LY354740 specifically increases the protein level and activity of CYP2D in the frontal cortex, which may accelerate dopamine synthesis via an alternative CYP2D-mediated route in the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway, and thus may contribute to the beneficial pharmacological effect on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression patients undergoing ketamine treatment.","authors":"Aleksander Kwaśny, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Adam Włodarczyk, Krzysztof Pastuszak","doi":"10.1007/s43440-024-00641-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43440-024-00641-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines self-reported sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) inpatients following intravenous ketamine administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a post-hoc analysis of a naturalistic observational study, which enrolled 28 inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and analyzed self-reported sleep changes (items 1-4; 'insomnia', 'nighttime restlessness', 'early morning waking', 'hypersomnia') in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 30-item (IDS SR-30) in responders and non-responders stratified per Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during short-term ketamine treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responders, as well as non-responders, did not experience significant changes in IDS SR-30 sleep items ('insomnia', 'nighttime restlessness', 'early morning waking', 'hypersomnia') (p's > 0.05) at 7-day follow-up after eight intravenous ketamine infusions as compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neither responders, nor non-responders reported any significant alterations in sleep patterns during ketamine infusions. These findings are not in line with current literature, as so far modest improvements in sleep during ketamine treatment have been reported. Results should be interpreted with caution, primarily due to the small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":19947,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1325-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}