{"title":"Jamie Freeman, From German Konigsberg to Soviet Kaliningrad: Appropriating Place and Constructing Identity, Routledge, 2021","authors":"Ms. Syeda Urooj Kazmi","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Noor, Syeda Noureen, Mr. S. Shehzad Noor, Ms. Syeda, Noureen Fatima
{"title":"Dawn, Twilight, and Dusk of Beginnings in Greek Mythology and Philosophy","authors":"S. S. Noor, Syeda Noureen, Mr. S. Shehzad Noor, Ms. Syeda, Noureen Fatima","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.345","url":null,"abstract":"A select few of “beginnings” among the Greeks are Homer’s “Oceanus”, Hesiod’s “Chaos”, Anaximander’s “Boundless”, Parmenides’ “Being”, Plato’s “Form of the Good” and Aristotle’s “Contemplation”. Sequentially capturing an account of various beginnings in Greek mythology and philosophy, this article opens with Homer’s “Oceanus”, an elemental water-based beginning, and reaches its closing stage in Aristotle’s “Contemplation”, a conceptual beginning. Mythological beginnings of Homer and Hesiod have the characteristic of birth, philosophical beginnings of Plato and Aristotle, have the characteristic of causality, while the pre-Socratic beginnings of Anaximander and Parmenides hold a unique place of their own - they seem to be a likeness of both yet at the same time are discernable from them. This article is structured in three sections: after a brief introduction distinguishing mythology from philosophy, a description of Greek beginnings in mythology and philosophy is given in sequential pairs i.e. Homer/Hesiod, Anaximander/Parmenides and Plato/Aristotle. Finally, the conclusion presents the significance of sequentially capturing Greek beginnings in the metaphor of “dawn, twilight and dusk” which exhausts what they considered as visible and expressible.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"62 s232","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Asfand Salyana, S. Kausar, Hamayoun Khan, Mr. Ali, Asfand Salyana, Ms. Saima Kausar, Mr. Hamayoun Khan
{"title":"Global Power Transition: Where do Major European States Stand?","authors":"Ali Asfand Salyana, S. Kausar, Hamayoun Khan, Mr. Ali, Asfand Salyana, Ms. Saima Kausar, Mr. Hamayoun Khan","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the actors in the new emerging Cold War. In the last century, the world was experiencing a phase of geopolitical rivalry between two major powers, commonly referred to as the Cold War. After surviving fifty years of proxy warfare, sanctions, arms race, and security concerns between the two dominant worldwide factions, the struggle finally came to an end. The USA exerted significant influence over the western bloc, while the Soviet Union dominated the eastern bloc. The global geopolitical scenario has seen substantial transformations in the twenty-first century. The global landscape has shifted towards a multipolar configuration, resulting in conflicts that have highly unorthodox characteristics. China, being a major player, actively engages in world politics and is enjoying a fair share in a market economy and the development of infrastructure. Amid the ongoing global quest for dominance, Europe is experiencing an emergence of new dynamics, each with its unique alliances and ideas. This article aims to analyze the potential for collaboration and conflict between the major players in the emerging global power transition during the early stages of this Cold War.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"74 s318","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Debate in the 21st Century on Declining Multiculturalism in Europe","authors":"Rabia Mansoor, Ms. Rabia Mansoor","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.348","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the evolving dynamics of cultural cohesion and conflict within the context of three intersecting theoretical frameworks: the decline of multiculturalism, the resurgence of asabiyyah, and the predicted clashes of civilizations. In recent years, multicultural policies, which aim to promote universal harmonious coexistence among diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural groups, have faced significant challenges. These challenges have sparked a debate over whether such policies have inadvertently assisted deeper divisions rather than integration, leading to a perceived collapse in their efficacy. This article intends to explore how the revival of strong group identities and the tensions intensified by struggling multicultural policies might steer the global community toward Huntington’s predicted clashes among the civilizations. Through an analysis of recent international events, sociological theory, and demographic trends, it is an attempt to provide an understanding of how current global conflicts and cultural policies might be realigning to fit Huntington’s and Khaldun’s visions, offering insights into potential pathways toward mitigating these deep-seated conflicts and boosting a more cohesive global society.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"104 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Russian Language and Workers from Central Asia Migrating to Russia","authors":"Ms. Noor Jehan, Dr. Shabir Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.347","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews historical, economic and social reasons for working people to migrate from five Central Asian Republics (CARs) to Russia in the early 21st Century. Relationships between Russia and the five Central Asian States changed dramatically after the USSR collapse and in the ensuing three decades, large numbers of workers from Central Asia migrated to Russia. It became imperative for migrating workers to learn Russian to mingle socially and gain economic benefits. Russian-speaking workers amalgamated well in Russia and their remittances improved the GDPs of their home states. However, with greater numbers of migrating workers, Russia imposed new migration laws that required better competence in Russian, which resulted in new difficulties and challenges for migrants and those who aspired to move to Russia for work.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"101 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Political and Economic Dynamics of EU-China Relations: An Analysis","authors":"S. Nizamani, Mr. Siraj, Ahmed Nizamani","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i2.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i2.349","url":null,"abstract":"Political and trade dialogues (1994) between China (Sino) and the European Union (EU) to establish a comprehensive Beijing-Brussels partnership (1995) began at the end of the Cold War with their summit-level meetings in 1998. This politico-economic partnership was founded within divergent historical, sociopolitical and ideological contexts. For example, the EU, a member of the Western Block and a strategic ally of the United States, was very different from China which stood alone as a populous country of the Eastern world with industrial and financial muscle. Despite these differences, the EU upholds Sino-EU partnership which is needed to survive with engagement, especially when politically adverse circumstances arise for the two entities at global stage. China, on the other hand, believes ties with the EU can last because it has invested in neoliberal economic principles that emerged after Mao’s (1970-80) communism. These factors have played a pivotal role in holding and shaping the Sino-EU partnership for global collaboration, which the two entities believe will take them into the future.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. Zulqarnain, Mr. Siraj Ahmed Nizamani, Ms. Dure Shehwar
{"title":"German Strategic Policy after the Cold War (1991-2017)","authors":"Mr. Zulqarnain, Mr. Siraj Ahmed Nizamani, Ms. Dure Shehwar","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i1.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i1.334","url":null,"abstract":"German Strategic Policy (1991-2017) changed because of several factors, which included the assertive behaviour of Russia, incoming refugees, the threat of terrorism, Brexit, the waning interests of the United States in Europe, and escalating climate change problems. The German Strategic Policy that spanned over two decades focused on developing and modernizing military hardware. This requirement in fact can be observed by analysing the recent shifts in German policies and politics at large. These shifts are largely based on the German strong economy based on free trade and policies of economic development. Many scholars argue a facet of economic strength is reflected in military power. This paper analyses German defence policy change and discusses factors that led to changes in German strategic position in the EU as a strong military power.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"33 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Muhammad Riaz Shad, Dr. Syed Sibtain Hussain Shah
{"title":"The EU’s Interests in Afghanistan in Post-2021 Scenario: From Preferences to Operational Engagements","authors":"Dr. Muhammad Riaz Shad, Dr. Syed Sibtain Hussain Shah","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i1.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i1.331","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) reshapes its position on Afghanistan in the post-US withdrawal scenario, witnessing Taliban re-entrance to the power corridors. By stopping all preferences immediately after the Taliban takeover in August 2021, the EU decided to continue only an operational engagement with the new Afghan administration which was necessary for logistical, operational, and humanitarian purposes. This research paper aims to investigate the EU’s responses towards Afghanistan, particularly in terms of its strategic engagement with Kabul, which intends to limit humanitarian assistance and other necessary activities in the war-torn country. A situation analysis of the empirical process was employed as a research technique to investigate the EU’s new stance over Afghanistan following the Taliban’s reemergence in the country. The study finds that human rights violations, ineffective rules of law, lack of social justice, and security issues led to the lack of interest of the international community including the EU in enhancing trade and economic cooperation with the country. The paper argues that to reopen doors to the international community including the EU, the Taliban regime needs to fulfil its international commitments concerning human rights and security issues.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peter Zeihan, The End of the World Is Just the Beginning: Mapping the Collapse of Globalization, 2022.","authors":"Ms. Rabia Mansoor","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i1.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i1.337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"47 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Muhammad Issa, Mr. Sajjad Hussain, Mr. Ghulam Abbas
{"title":"The Status of Official Languages in the Multilingual European Union","authors":"Dr. Muhammad Issa, Mr. Sajjad Hussain, Mr. Ghulam Abbas","doi":"10.56384/jes.v40i1.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v40i1.335","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) comprises 27 nations and uses 24 official languages to acknowledge diversity and equal opportunity in the Union. This is an egalitarian policy, which is met with resistance and challenges due to various practices in the EU administration and management. A consecutive policy debate persisted in EU thinkers to decide the official language of the Union, while the nature of the public sphere was multicultural and multilingual. \u0000This paper explores factors behind the hurdles to achieving linguistic equality in the EU by looking at various institutional policies and scholastic papers. The research concludes that linguistic equality is theoretically idealised to promote linguistic harmony in the bloc, however, it is practically unattainable because prominent official and working languages like English, French and German trump other official languages of the EU member states. In addition, making everything available in all official languages of the EU is quite limited to avoid cost burden.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"20 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}