Journal of European Studies (JES)最新文献

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Tim Marshall, The Power of Geography: Ten Maps That Reveal the Future of Our World, April 2021, Published by Elliott & Thompson, pages: 380 蒂姆·马歇尔，《地理的力量:揭示我们世界未来的十幅地图》，2021年4月，艾略特和汤普森出版，第380页

Journal of European Studies (JES) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.56384/jes.v38i2.261

Ms. Aisha Jabeen Hamra

引用次数: 0

Policies of Artificial Intelligence in the EU: Learning Curve from the UK and China? 欧盟的人工智能政策:英国和中国的学习曲线?

Journal of European Studies (JES) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.56384/jes.v38i2.252

Ms. Tanzeela Jameel, Dr. Adam Saud

{"title":"Policies of Artificial Intelligence in the EU: Learning Curve from the UK and China?","authors":"Ms. Tanzeela Jameel, Dr. Adam Saud","doi":"10.56384/jes.v38i2.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v38i2.252","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be traced back to John McCarthy who is considered as one of the pioneers of the AI discipline. 1 AI has emerged as one of the most important realities in the first quarter of the 21 st century. AI is being used in many industries including healthcare, production and manufacturing, military modernization, etc. Whereas there are many benefits of AI, it has its drawbacks as well. There is always a possibility that technology getting into the wrong hands. This malicious use of AI is commonly known as “adversarial AI”, which cannot just cause financial loss to countries but also increase the ratio of cybercrimes. This work sheds light on the impact of adversarial AI from the point of view of governance. More specifically, it takes a detailed look at the AI policies of the European Union (EU) and identifies different cyber-security loopholes. Based on some recent events, this study also highlights the role of adversarial AI in promoting cybercrimes in the form of phishing and data breach attacks in the EU. Finally, we provide arguments on how the EU can learn from some countries, like China and the UK, in order to strengthen its AI policies.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123431081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revival of Russian Language in Central Asian Republics in the Twenty First (21st) Century 二十一世纪中亚各共和国俄语的复兴

Journal of European Studies (JES) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.56384/jes.v38i2.253

Ms. Noor Jehan, Prof. Dr. Shabir Ahmad Khan

{"title":"Revival of Russian Language in Central Asian Republics in the Twenty First (21st) Century","authors":"Ms. Noor Jehan, Prof. Dr. Shabir Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.56384/jes.v38i2.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56384/jes.v38i2.253","url":null,"abstract":"Russian language went into a decline during the 1990s when Central Asian Republics (CARs) simultaneously embarked on the process of nation and state building along with economic transition. The CARs desired to diversify their political and economic relations and to lessen their dependence on Russian Federation during their early transition period. Due to its own economic and political problems associated with its transition, Russia could not pay full attention to its former Soviet states during the immediate post-Soviet period. However, due to the Tsarist and particularly Soviet legacies, the economic connectivity and interdependence of former Soviet states on Russian Federation proved long lasting. The revival of Russian language in former Soviet Central Asian Republics is mainly due to the theory of Economics of Language which explores mutual effects of language and economic variables. It says that fluency and command over a dominant language i.e., a language of science and technology and trade provides more dividends. The CARs are still heavily dependent on trade and remittances of their nationals working in Russia. A large number of workers from the countries of Central Asia work in the Russian Federation. Their remittances contribute immensely to the Gross Domestic Product (GDPs) of these countries. The CARs re-started promoting Russian language in their countries due to a significant role of this language in their economies and economic relations with Russia. Since 2000, the Russian economic revival has naturally strengthened its political and economic role in the former Soviet space which also includes Central Asia. Consequently, the Russian language also received fresh emphasis.","PeriodicalId":199460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of European Studies (JES)","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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