Pharmaceutical Biology最新文献

{"title":"Modified Xiao-Qing-Long-decoction prevents inflammation and promotes Nur77 expression in mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting HDAC7 expression.","authors":"Qing Zhang, Yafen Liu, Lu Jiang, Dongdong Yang","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2459247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2459247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Modified Xiao-Qing-Long-decoction (MXQLD) is believed to have the potential to alleviate lung diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We explored the effects and mechanisms of MXQLD in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham (distilled water), model (distilled water), MXQLD (1 g/kg MXQLD), DEX (distilled water + 0.7 mg/kg dexamethasone), MXQLD + oe-HDAC7 (HDAC7 over-expression + 1 g/kg MXQLD) groups. Except for HDAC7 over-expression on day 0 and dexamethasone injection on day 12, all treatments were administered every two days from day 0 to day 10. On day 12, except for the sham group, all mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture surgery to establish ARDS models. After surgery, pulmonary functions, protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue morphology in mice were detected. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in BALF supernatant and serum were quantified. Additionally, HDAC7, Nur77, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin protein expressions were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MXQLD treatment improved pulmonary functions and alleviated lung injury for ARDS mice. Furthermore, MXQLD treatment decreased protein concentration in BALF, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine release in BALF supernatant and serum for ARDS mice. Additionally, MXQLD treatment down-regulated HDAC7 expression, but up-regulated Nur77, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin expressions for ARDS mice. Importantly, the preventive effects of MXQLD in ARDS mice were reversed by HDAC7 over-expression.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>MXQLD may prevent inflammation and promote Nur77 expression in ARDS by inhibiting HDAC7 expression, indicating that MXQLD may be a promising drug for preventing ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring chemical composition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anticancer activities of <i>Pistacia atlantica</i> Desf.","authors":"Chahrazad Bakka, Huseyin Akşit, Wafa Zahnit, Bihter Şahin, Ali Aydin, Ozge Tokul-Olmez, Mehmet Ozturk, Ouanissa Smara, Hocine Dendougui, Mohamed Hadjadj, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Mohammed Messaoudi","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Atlas Pistachio (<i>Pistacia atlantica</i> Desf.) possesses numerous applications for therapeutic purposes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We set out to test various extracts from <i>Pistacia atlantica</i> Desf. fruits and leaves for their anticancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. In addition to discovering the phytochemical profile of <i>P. atlantica</i> extracts responsible for the pharmacological effects that were researched.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was performed against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Anticancer assays were investigated by evaluating the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity potentials against five cancerous cell lines using the [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MMT:Medical training therapy) assay. The phenolic profile was established against phenolic standards using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In anticholinesterase activity, the extracts of <i>P. atlantica</i> inhibited AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner. The stronger AChE inhibition activity was obtained for the n-BuOH extract of the fruits (IC₅₀ 47.80 ± 1.03 µg/mL) and compared to the leaf extracts. The results, compared with galantamine, showed a close inhibition activity. <i>P. atlantica</i> extracts also showed the most optimal antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines compared to positive control 5FU (Fluorouracil); the best antiproliferative activity was obtained for the fruit extracts compared to the leaf extracts. The spotted biological activities can be attributed to flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extracts. The HPLC-DAD analysis identified the presence of 18 phytochemicals. The main compounds detected were luteolin, gallic acid, epicatechin, and protocatechuic acid.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated moderate anticholinesterase and suitable antiproliferative activities of <i>P. atlantica</i> Desf. extracts, which opens up new possibilities for the pharmaceutical and food industries.This study suggests that the concentrations of phenolic compounds, along with the results of anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities found in the fruit and leaf extracts of <i>P. atlantica</i> Desf, indicate this plant holds promise for pharmaceutical and food application industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"837-858"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12608110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasorelaxant effects of the edible flowers <i>Tagetes erecta</i> L. and its possible mechanism of action.","authors":"Sonia Núñez, Víctor López, María Pilar Arruebo Loshuertos, Miguel Ángel Plaza Carrión, Carlota Gómez-Rincón, Marta Sofía Valero","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583836","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong><i>Tagetes erecta</i> is widely cultivated for its ornamental flowers and has traditionally been used as a diuretic and antihypertensive. However, its effects on blood pressure have not yet been studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the vasorelaxant potential of ethanolic extract of <i>T. erecta</i> from two cultivars of edible flowers, yellow and orange.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The pharmacological effects of <i>T. erecta</i> extracts as vasorelaxant agents were evaluated using isolated rat aorta rings in an organ bath and by measuring the pharyngeal pumping rate in the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracts induced relaxation in endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with different agents. Vasorelaxant effect was attenuated by endothelial removal and by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ, but not by indomethacin. Statistically significant effects were observed only at low concentrations. Atropine and H-89 reduced the extract-induced response, whereas okadaic acid had no effect. In a calcium-free medium, the extracts reduced contractions induced by CaCl₂ and phenylephrine. Relaxation was significantly attenuated by iberiotoxin, glibenclamide, BaCl₂, and 4-aminopyridine, while apamin and TRAM-34 had mild effect. The extracts also significantly decreased the pharyngeal pumping rate in <i>C. elegans</i>.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>The extracts induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation though both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. At low concentrations, relaxation was mediated by nitric oxide, while at higher concentrations it involved inhibition of intracellular Ca²⁺, opening of K⁺ channels, and activation of protein kinase A. In <i>C. elegans</i>, the extracts significantly reduced pharyngeal pumping. This study is the first to suggest that <i>T. erecta</i> could be beneficial in treating pathologies associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"778-799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145471577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Vision to Reality: Five Years of the Botanical Safety Consortium.","authors":"Constance A Mitchell, Amy L Roe, Scott Auerbach, Cécile Bascoul, Michelle Embry, Stephen Ferguson, Stefan Gafner, Matthias Gossmann, Bill J Gurley, Holly Johnson, Olaf Kelber, Julie Krzykwa, Jacob Larson, Yitong Liu, Catherine Mahony, Andre Monteiro da Rocha, Stefan Pfuhler, Vincent Sica, Suramya Waidyanatha, Remco H S Westerink, Kristine Witt, Hellen Oketch-Rabah, Cynthia Rider","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583832","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2583832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Botanicals, including products derived from plants, fungi, and algae, are increasingly consumed worldwide. Their complex compositions and variable phytochemical profiles present significant challenges for safety assessment. Traditional toxicology methods are time and resource intensive, and the variability of botanicals makes it difficult to test one lot as representative.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Botanical Safety Consortium (BSC), launched in 2019, was established to advance fit-for-purpose toxicity testing strategies for botanicals. This manuscript summarizes the progress of the BSC, with emphasis on the activities of its Working Groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The BSC Working Groups evaluate established new approach methodologies (NAMs), including <i>in vitro</i> assays, in silico models, and non-protected whole organisms such as <i>C. elegans</i>, for their applicability to botanical hazard assessment. Case studies of botanicals were selected based on known toxicity profiles to test assay performance and determine whether botanicals behave differently from single chemicals in these systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluations address toxicological endpoints such as hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and dermal toxicity. Early findings have identified fit-for-purpose screening tools that can generally be applied to botanical testing, with some nuances and considerations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future work will focus on refining and enhancing the tool-kit through assay refinement, filling endpoint gaps with additional assays, and incorporating ADME data and in silico modeling approaches. This collaborative, science-driven framework aims to modernize botanical safety evaluation, address regulatory needs, and ultimately protect public health while supporting the global demand for botanical-based dietary supplements, cosmetics, and other products.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"800-818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12604121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.","authors":"Scott Alsbrook, George Pro, Igor Koturbash","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2590311","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2590311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Kratom <i>(Mitragyna speciosa),</i> native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been consumed as fresh leaves or teas. Under those conditions, exposure to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)-a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist-is minimal, as it occurs only at trace levels in leaf material. By contrast, the U.S. market offers chemically enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH products, often marketed as 'kratom' yet chemically distinct from botanical preparations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>'7-OH', '7-hydroxymitragynine', and 'kratom' were used as keywords; relevant literature was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharmacological studies consistently identify 7-OH as a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist with nanomolar affinity, greater efficacy than mitragynine, and often exceeding the potency of morphine. Animal experiments demonstrate robust antinociceptive effects, respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and reinforcing properties characteristic of opioids. Human pharmacokinetic studies show systemic exposure after kratom ingestion, but concentrated 7-OH products bypass metabolic formation, producing markedly higher exposures. Regulatory surveillance, poison-center data, and marketplace audits confirm a rapid increase in availability and use of these products. State health departments have reported severe intoxications and fatalities. Clinical cases describe escalating use, medically managed withdrawal, and psychiatric destabilization, while forensic investigations document postmortem concentrations consistent with fatal opioid toxicity. Pediatric risk is amplified by developmental susceptibility, absence of age restrictions, and marketing in confectionary formats. Emerging analogues such as MGM-15 further extend this trajectory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, the evidence demonstrates that concentrated 7-OH products are pharmacologically and toxicologically distinct from kratom leaf and pose significant risks of morbidity and mortality under typical conditions of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"896-911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirubin regulates M1/M2 polarization and inhibits ferroptosis in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis and in cultured THP-1 cells.","authors":"Yong-Xiang Huang, Jin-Ru Zhang, Shi-Hua Fu, Zhe Liu, Hui-Jun Zhong, Qing-Yang Zhong, Yin-di Luo, Ying-Jie Hu, Hai-Peng Zhu, Bin Wen, Song Chen","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2568215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2568215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Indirubin (IDR), a natural ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), has been shown to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in our previous study (Liu Z et al.).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether IDR exerts its protective effects by regulating M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting ferroptosis in macrophages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry staining targeting CD206 and F4/80 was performed to evaluate the effect of IDR on the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in colitis. Subsequently, the effects of IDR on the M1- or M2-polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of IDR on ferroptosis in the colon tissue of mice and on RSL3-induced ferroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages were assessed. The results were verified in mouse peritoneal macrophages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to reducing the infiltrated macrophages, IDR treatment preserved CD206+ macrophages in DSS-induced colitis. Using cultured THP-1 cells, we demonstrated that IDR inhibited M1 polarization and prompted M2 polarization. Furthermore, we showed that IDR treatment decreased levels of 4-HNE while increasing GPX4 and NRF2 in DSS-induced colitis and THP-1 cells. IDR treatments also reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron content, and mitigated RSL3-induced ferroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages. Similarly, IDR augmented M2-polarization and alleviated ferroptosis in peritoneal macrophages.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>IDR skews the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2. Furthermore, it inhibits ferroptosis in both mice and THP-1-derived macrophages. These mechanisms may contribute to the therapeutic effects of IDR in the treatment of UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"698-715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatotoxicity of dietary supplements containing <i>Garcinia gummi-gutta</i> (L.) N. Robson.","authors":"Richard B van Breemen, Amy L Roe, Nadeem Akhtar","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2591467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2591467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botanical dietary supplements derived from the fruit of the tree <i>Garcinia gummi-gutta</i> (L.) N. Robson (commonly known as <i>Garcinia cambogia</i> or <i>Garcinia</i>) are used to support weight loss but are increasingly linked to adverse events and case reports of liver injury.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clinical case reports of liver injury associated with <i>Garcinia</i> dietary supplements were reviewed that had prompted the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) to revise the USP <i>Garcinia</i> family of dietary ingredient monographs to include a cautionary statement regarding potential risk of liver damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The terms '<i>Garcinia cambogia</i>,' '<i>Garcinia gummi-gutta</i>,' or '<i>Garcinia</i>' were searched in multiple databases of adverse events. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed papers describing preclinical and clinical studies of <i>Garcinia</i> toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 200 adverse events of liver injury resulting from <i>Garcinia</i> consumption were identified. A total of 34 case reports of <i>Garcinia</i> hepatotoxicity indicated one death and nine liver transplants, with 17 cases receiving CIOMS/RUCAM scores that indicated possible to highly probable causality due to <i>Garcinia</i> dietary supplements. In one case, causality was confirmed by rechallenge with <i>Garcinia</i>.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong><i>Garcinia</i> toxicity was consistent with drug-induced liver injury and included elevated serum liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase with a high ratio of ALT to alkaline phosphatase. Proposed mechanisms of toxicity include genetic predisposition to immune-mediated reactions involving the human leucocyte antigen HLA-B*35:01 allele, induction of hepatocyte oxidative stress and inflammation, and hepatocyte apoptosis caused by the active constituent, hydroxycitric acid, which inhibits mitochondria ATP-citrate lyase.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"912-924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12636546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear oral bioavailability and clinical pharmacokinetics of high-dose <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> ethanolic extract: relevant dosage implications for COVID-19 treatment.","authors":"Phanit Songvut, Jaratluck Akanimanee, Tawit Suriyo, Nanthanit Pholphana, Nuchanart Rangkadilok, Duangchit Panomvana, Porranee Puranajoti, Jutamaad Satayavivad","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2444446","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2444446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Insufficient quality control and limited dissolution of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> extract capsules restricts their bioavailability and hinder the clinical use for treating mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate pharmacokinetics and safety of high-dosage <i>A. paniculata</i> ethanolic extract (equivalent to 180 or 360 mg/day of andrographolide), relevant dosages used for mild COVID-19 treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open-label, single-dose, and repeated-dose conducted in healthy volunteers. Subjects received capsules containing ethanolic extract equivalent to andrographolide dosage of either 60 or 120 mg per dose, taken every eight hours daily (totaling 180 or 360 mg/day). Safety was assessed through blood chemical analysis and adverse event monitoring after 7 days of ethanolic extract administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharmacokinetics of ethanolic extract indicated low plasma levels of the major diterpenoids. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of andrographolide did not exhibit a dose-proportional increase, reaching 6.44 and 11.62 µg/L for single and repeated doses of 60 mg/day, respectively. Doubling the dose (120 mg/day) only resulted in slightly higher Cmax (6.97 and 15.03 µg/L for single and repeated doses, respectively). Safety evaluation revealed mild, transient adverse events, but all parameters remained within normal ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights limitations in the pharmacokinetics of the ethanolic extract of <i>A. paniculata</i>. It indicated non-linear proportionality in the oral bioavailability of andrographolide. These findings suggest that current extraction process of ethanolic extract may hinder its effectiveness. Further research is warranted to explore alternative extraction methods or formulation developments that can enhance the bioavailability of andrographolide and its potential therapeutic effects for COVID-19 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal plants of Sabah (North Borneo): lest we forget.","authors":"Carynn Tanbuda, Mazdida Sulaiman, Pauline Yong Pau Lin, Nor Azizun Rusdi, Jaya Sathiya Seelan, Ng Shean Yeaw, Fiffy Hasnidah Saikim, Mogana Rajagopal, Nicholas Pang Tze Ping, Melanie Martos Garcia, Jhonnel Villegas, Shari Jeffri, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Mark S Butler, Christophe Wiart","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2487557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2025.2487557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The discovery of plants and bioactive compounds with the potential to become botanical or pharmaceutical drugs remains a cornerstone of drug innovation. Many of these valuable molecules originate from traditional botanical pharmacopeias, repositories of centuries-old knowledge that are often underappreciated in modern research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review highlights the medicinal plants identified in Sabah from 1922 to 2024, analyzing their taxonomical distribution, uses, utilization among ethnic groups, and their potential for clinical uses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this review were gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, the Internet Archive, and Google Books. A keyword combination of \"Medicinal\" and \"Plants\" and \"Sabah\" yielded 21,700 results. Each result was examined, and articles that did not contain information relevant to the topic or came from non-peer-reviewed journals were excluded. Each of the remaining 87 selected articles was critically reviewed to extract pertinent information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A review of the available data indicates that 696 plant species are used in Sabah, including 412 angiosperms. These plants are primarily utilized to treat diseases or symptoms related to infections, digestive issues, injuries, and pains. Notably, 156 species employed by local Sabahan Dusunic, Murutic, and Kelabit ethnic groups remain unstudied in terms of their phytochemical and pharmacological properties, highlighting their potential for further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sabah's medicinal plants offer tremendous potential for discovering natural products of therapeutic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"288-332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor organoids in cancer medicine: from model systems to natural compound screening.","authors":"Rong Cong, Can Lu, Xinying Li, Zhijie Xu, Yaqin Wang, Shusen Sun","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2458149","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2025.2458149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The advent of tissue engineering and biomedical techniques has significantly advanced the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, particularly tumor organoids. These self-assembled 3D cell clusters closely replicate the histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of primary tissues, making them invaluable tools in cancer research and drug screening.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review addresses the challenges in developing <i>in vitro</i> models that accurately reflect tumor heterogeneity and explores the application of tumor organoids in cancer research, with a specific focus on the screening of natural products for antitumor therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes information from major databases, including Chemical Abstracts, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Springer Link. Publications were selected without date restrictions, using terms such as 'organoid', 'natural product', 'pharmacological', 'extract', 'nanomaterial' and 'traditional uses'. Articles related to agriculture, ecology, synthetic work or published in languages other than English were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The review identifies key challenges related to the efficiency and variability of organoid generation and discusses ongoing efforts to enhance their predictive capabilities in drug screening and personalized medicine. Recent studies utilizing patient-derived organoid models for natural compound screening are highlighted, demonstrating the potential of these models in developing new classes of anticancer agents. The integration of natural products with patient-derived organoid models presents a promising approach for discovering novel anticancer compounds and elucidating their mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"89-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}