Pharmaceutical Biology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Apium graveolens</i> L. alleviates acute lung injury in human A-549 cells by reducing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.","authors":"Lan-Chi Hsieh, Shu-Ling Hsieh, Tsu-Ni Ping, Yi-Chun Huang, Ssu-Jung Lin, Hsing-Yu Chi, Chih-Chung Wu","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2433994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2024.2433994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Apium graveolens</i> L. (celery) is a dietary vegetable with anti-inflammatory properties. It has the potential to treat acute lung injury (ALI) caused by COVID-19 or other diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of <i>Apium graveolens</i> water extract (AGWE) on ALI in human lung A-549 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A-549 cells were treated with AGWE for 24 h and then stimulated with 10 μg/mL LPS for another 24 h. The effects of AGWE on cell viability, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and their regulatory factors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling activation were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with 5-50 μg/mL AGWE reversed the decrease in cell viability caused by LPS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). AGWE can reduce interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α levels; their EC₅₀ values are 61.4, 65.7, 37.8, and 79.7 μg/mL, respectively. AGWE can reduce reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in A-549 cells induced by LPS. AGWE also reduced the levels of apoptosis (EC50 of 74.8 μg/mL) and its regulators (Bid; Caspase-9, -8, and -3; Bax) and increased the levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential in A-549 cells induced by LPS. AGWE can also decrease the protein levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 and the activation of NF-κB signaling in A-549 cells induced by LPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results show that 10 and 50 μg/mL AGWE can reduce the acute inflammation induced by LPS by reducing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanism of Qinggong Shoutao pill alleviating age-associated memory decline based on integration strategy.","authors":"Guiyun Pan, Lijuan Chai, Rui Chen, Qing Yuan, Zhihui Song, Wanying Feng, Jinna Wei, Zhihua Yang, Yuhang Zhang, Guinan Xie, An Yan, Qingbo Lv, Caijun Wang, Yingqiang Zhao, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2291689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2291689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Qinggong Shoutao Wan (QGSTW) is a pill used as a traditional medicine to treat age-associated memory decline (AAMI). However, its potential mechanisms are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study elucidates the possible mechanisms of QGSTW in treating AAMI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were utilized to identify the potential pathway by which QGSTW alleviates AAMI. C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into control, model, and QGSTW groups. A mouse model of AAMI was established by d-galactose, and the pathways that QGSTW acts on to ameliorate AAMI were determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting after treatment with d-gal (100 mg/kg) and QGSTW (20 mL/kg) for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology demonstrated that the targets of the active components were significantly enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway. AKT1, FOS, GRIN2B, and GRIN1 were the core target proteins. QGSTW treatment increased the discrimination index from -16.92 ± 7.06 to 23.88 ± 15.94% in the novel location test and from -19.54 ± 5.71 to 17.55 ± 6.73% in the novel object recognition test. ELISA showed that QGSTW could increase the levels of cAMP. Western blot analysis revealed that QGSTW could upregulate the expression of PKA, CREB, c-Fos, GluN1, GluA1, CaMKII-α, and SYN. Immunostaining revealed that the expression of SYN was decreased in the CA1 and DG.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study not only provides new insights into the mechanism of QGSTW in the treatment of AAMI but also provides important information and new research ideas for the discovery of traditional Chinese medicine compounds that can treat AAMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"105-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injections as an adjunctive therapy for cervical cancer in Chinese patients: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Fei Ma, Qun Wang, Di Zhang, Zihong Wang, Hui Xie, Xianghong Liu, Hongxing Zhang, Haiyan Song, Shiguang Sun","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2312217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2312217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chinese medicine injections (CMIs) are widely used as adjuvant therapy for cervical cancer in China. However, the effectiveness of different types of CMIs remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness and safety of CMIs when used in conjunction with radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), particularly in combination with cisplatin (DDP), docetaxel plus cisplatin (DP), and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to September 2023. We calculated the risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval and the surface under the cumulative ranking area curve (SUCRA) for the clinical efficacy rate (CER), the efficacy rate by Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and the rates of leukopenia reduction (LRR) and gastrointestinal reactions (GRR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven RCTs were included, including nine CMI types: <i>Aidi</i>, <i>Fufangkushen</i>, <i>Huangqi</i>, <i>Kangai</i> (KA), <i>Kanglaite</i> (KLT), <i>Renshenduotang</i>, <i>Shenqifuzheng</i> (SQFZ), <i>Shenmai</i> (SM), and <i>Yadanzi</i>. KLT and KA were likely optimal choices with radiotherapy for CER and KPS, respectively. KA and KLT were optimal choices with RT + DDP for CER and GRR, respectively. KLT was the likely optimal choice with RT + DP for CER and KA for both KPS and GRR. SM and SQFZ were the likely optimal choices with RT + TP for CER and LRR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The optimal recommendation depends on whether CMIs are used with radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. More high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm further and update the existing evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cephaeline promotes ferroptosis by targeting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy.","authors":"Peng Chen, Qingxuan Ye, Shang Liang, Linghui Zeng","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Cephaeline is a natural product isolated from ipecac (<i>Cephaelis ipecacuanha</i> [Brot.] A. Rich. [Rubiaceae]). It exhibits promising anti-lung cancer activity and ferroptosis induction may be a key mechanism for its anti-lung cancer effect.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the anti-lung cancer activity and mechanisms of cephaeline both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>H460 and A549 lung cancer cells were used. The cephaeline inhibition rate on lung cancer cells was detected <i>via</i> a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay after treatment with cephaeline for 24 h. Subsequently, the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 nM were used for <i>in vitro</i> experiments. In addition, the antitumour effects of cephaeline (5, 10 mg/kg) <i>in vivo</i> were evaluated after 12 d of cephaeline treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cephaeline showed significant inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells, and the IC₅₀ of cephaeline on H460 and A549 at 24, 48 and 72 h were 88, 58 and 35 nM, respectively, for H460 cells and 89, 65 and 43 nM, respectively, for A549 cells. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that ferroptosis is the key mechanism of cephaeline against lung cancer. Finally, we found that cephaeline induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells by targeting NRF2.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated for the first time that cephaeline inhibits NRF2, leading to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. These findings may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutics for lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139712809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Jian Gan powder on the proliferation, migration and polarization of macrophages and relative mechanism.","authors":"Kun Li, Xue Zheng, Jian Zhang, Zhanpeng Yan, Yu Ji, Fei Ge, Fangshi Zhu","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309864","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Jian Gan powder (JGP) is a Chinese medicine compound comprised ginseng, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Yujin, Rhizoma Cyperi, Fructus aurantii, Sophora flavescens, Yinchen, Bupleurum and licorice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the inhibitory effects, polarization and potential mechanisms associated with JGP in macrophages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into six groups for 24 h: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), overexpression, 1% JGP, 2% JGP, 4% JGP, 8% JGP and 16% JGP. The effects of JGP on RAW264.7 cell proliferation were assessed using colony formation assays and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The Transwell assay was used to evaluate its impact on RAW264.7 cell migration. Moreover, we analysed the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, we examined the M1/M2 polarization levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unlike LPS stimulation, JGP serum treatment markedly suppressed macrophage proliferation and migration capacity, while STAT3 overexpression enhanced RAW264.7 cell proliferation and migration. JGP inhibited the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells by attenuating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, it inhibited macrophage M1 polarization, promoting M2 polarization.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>JGP effectively suppressed the cellular function of RAW264.7 cells by down-regulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and modulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization. These findings provide valuable theoretical and experimental basis for considering the potential clinical application of JGP in the treatment of immune-mediated liver injury in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10854435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of crude peptide extracts from <i>Allium sativum</i> and <i>Allium oschaninii</i> against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.","authors":"Thitiluck Swangsri, Onrapak Reamtong, Sompob Saralamba, Pakavadee Rakthong, Urusa Thaenkham, Naowarat Saralamba","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2395517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2024.2395517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Plant peptides garner attention for their potential antimicrobial properties amid the rising concern over antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the antibacterial potential of crude peptide extracts from 27 Thai plants collected locally.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Peptide extracts from 34 plant parts, derived from 27 Thai plants, were tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against four highly resistant bacterial strains: <i>Streptococcus aureus</i> MRSA, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The stability of these peptide extracts was examined at different temperatures, and the synergistic effects of two selected plant peptide extracts were investigated. Additionally, the time-kill kinetics of the individual extracts and their combination were determined against the tested pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peptides from <i>Allium sativum</i> L. and <i>Allium oschaninii</i> O. Fedtsch (Amaryllidaceae) were particularly potent, inhibiting bacterial growth with MICs ranging from 1.43 to 86.50 µg/mL. The consistent MICs and MBCs of these extracts across various extraction time points highlight their reliability. Stability tests reveal that these peptides maintain their antimicrobial activity at -20 °C for over a month, emphasizing their durability for future exploration and potential applications in addressing antibiotic resistance. Time-kill assays elucidate the time and concentration-dependent nature of these antimicrobial effects, underscoring their potent initial activity and sustained efficacy over time.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the antimicrobial potential of <i>Allium</i>-derived peptides, endorsing them for combating antibiotic resistance and prompting further investigation into their mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"666-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Indigo naturalis</i> as a potential drug in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive review of current evidence.","authors":"Yu Hu, Liu-Lin Chen, Zhen Ye, Lin-Zhen Li, Huan-Zhu Qian, Ming-Quan Wu, Juan Wang, Kai-Hua Qin, Qiao-Bo Ye","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2415652","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2415652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable inflammatory bowel disease that threatens the health of patients. The limited availability of therapeutic strategies makes it imperative to explore more efficient and safer drugs. <i>Indigo naturalis</i> (IN) is a traditional Chinese medicine that possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. The treatment potential of IN for UC has been proven by numerous preclinical and clinical studies in recent years.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides a comprehensive review of the utility and potential of IN in the treatment of UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>'Indigo naturalis' 'Qing dai' 'Qingdai' 'Ulcerative colitis' and 'UC' are used as the keywords, and the relevant literature is collected from online databases (Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Indirubin, indigo, isatin, tryptanthrin, and β-sitosterol are considered the key components in the treatment of UC with IN. Both preclinical and clinical studies support the efficacy of IN for UC, especially in severe UC or in those who do not respond to or have poor efficacy with existing therapies. The mechanisms of IN for UC are associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway activation, immune regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, and intestinal microbial modulation. However, the clinical use of IN has the risks of adverse events such as pulmonary hypertension, which suggests the necessity for its rational application. As a potential therapeutic agent for UC that is currently receiving more attention, the clinical value of IN has been initially demonstrated and warrants further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"818-832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of an inclusion complex of coixol with β-cyclodextrin polymers.","authors":"Xing-Chen Wang, Xin-Yu Shen, Lin Chen, Rong Wei, Ming-Yuan Wei, Cai-Hong Gu, Rong-Rong Xu, Sheng-Qing Ding, Bo Pan","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong><i>Coix</i> [<i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>mayuen</i> (Roman.) Stapf (Poaceae)], a crop of medicinal and edible significance, contains coixol, which has demonstrated anticancer properties. However, the limited solubility of coixol restricts its potential therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study prepared a water-soluble coixol-β-cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) inclusion compound and evaluated its anticancer effect.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The coixol-CDP compound was synthesized through a solvent-stirring and freeze-drying technique. Its coixol content was quantified using HPLC, and its stability was tested under various conditions. The anticancer effects of the coixol-CDP compound (4.129, 8.259, 16.518, and 33.035 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h) on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay; cell morphology was examined by Hoechst nuclear staining; apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry; and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed by Western blots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The water-soluble coixol-CDP inclusion compound was successfully prepared with an inclusion ratio of 86.6% and an inclusion yield rate of 84.1%. The coixol content of the compound was 5.63% and the compound remained stable under various conditions. Compared to coixol alone, all 24, 48, and 72 h administrations with the coixol-CDP compound exhibited lower IC₅₀ values (33.93 ± 2.28, 16.80 ± 1.46, and 6.93 ± 0.83 mg/L) in A549 cells; the compound also showed stronger regulatory effects on apoptosis-related proteins.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>These findings offer a new perspective for the potential clinical application of <i>Coix</i> in NSCLC therapy and its future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"2294331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of traditional Chinese medicine preclinical mechanisms and clinical studies on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Yuna Zhang, Xianglong Wu, Wenhui Yao, Yadong Ni, Xuansheng Ding","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2369301","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2369301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) results in an enormous burden and reduces the quality of life for patients. Considering there is no specific drug for the management of DPN, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly drawn attention of clinicians and researchers around the world due to its characteristics of multiple targets, active components, and exemplary safety.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the current status of TCM in the treatment of DPN and provide directions for novel drug development, the clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM used in treating DPN were comprehensively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Existing evidence on TCM interventions for DPN was screened from databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (CENTRAL), and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). The focus was on summarizing and analyzing representative preclinical and clinical TCM studies published before 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review identified the ameliorative effects of about 22 single herbal extracts, more than 30 herbal compound prescriptions, and four Chinese patent medicines on DPN in preclinical and clinical research. The latest advances in the mechanism highlight that TCM exerts its beneficial effects on DPN by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and improving mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCM has shown the power latent capacity in treating DPN. It is proposed that more large-scale and multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials and fundamental experiments should be conducted to further verify these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"544-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate at the nanoscale: a new strategy for cancer treatment.","authors":"Wenxue Sun, Yizhuang Yang, Cuiyun Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Jianhua Wang, Sen Qiao, Pei Jiang, Changgang Sun, Shulong Jiang","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2406779","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2406779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, has shown the potential to combat various types of cancer cells through its ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways. However, its low bioavailability and rapid degradation hinder its clinical application.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review explores the potential of nanoencapsulation to enhance the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of EGCG in cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed database from 2019 to the present, using 'epigallocatechin gallate', 'EGCG', and 'nanoparticles' as search terms to identify pertinent literature. This review examines recent nano-engineering technology advancements that encapsulate EGCG within various nanocarriers. The focus was on evaluating the types of nanoparticles used, their synthesis methods, and the technologies applied to optimize drug delivery, diagnostic capabilities, and therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanoparticles improve the physicochemical stability and pharmacokinetics of EGCG, leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. Nanoencapsulation allows for targeted drug delivery, controlled release, enhanced cellular uptake, and reduced premature degradation of EGCG. The studies highlighted include those where EGCG-loaded nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth in various models, demonstrating enhanced penetration and efficacy through active targeting mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanoencapsulation of EGCG represents a promising approach in oncology, offering multiple therapeutic benefits over its unencapsulated form. Although the results so far are promising, further research is necessary to fully optimize the design of these nanosystems to ensure their safety, efficacy, and clinical viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"676-690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}