Pharmaceutical Biology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of Jian Gan powder on the proliferation, migration and polarization of macrophages and relative mechanism.","authors":"Kun Li, Xue Zheng, Jian Zhang, Zhanpeng Yan, Yu Ji, Fei Ge, Fangshi Zhu","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309864","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Jian Gan powder (JGP) is a Chinese medicine compound comprised ginseng, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Yujin, Rhizoma Cyperi, Fructus aurantii, Sophora flavescens, Yinchen, Bupleurum and licorice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the inhibitory effects, polarization and potential mechanisms associated with JGP in macrophages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into six groups for 24 h: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), overexpression, 1% JGP, 2% JGP, 4% JGP, 8% JGP and 16% JGP. The effects of JGP on RAW264.7 cell proliferation were assessed using colony formation assays and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The Transwell assay was used to evaluate its impact on RAW264.7 cell migration. Moreover, we analysed the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, we examined the M1/M2 polarization levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unlike LPS stimulation, JGP serum treatment markedly suppressed macrophage proliferation and migration capacity, while STAT3 overexpression enhanced RAW264.7 cell proliferation and migration. JGP inhibited the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells by attenuating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, it inhibited macrophage M1 polarization, promoting M2 polarization.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>JGP effectively suppressed the cellular function of RAW264.7 cells by down-regulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and modulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization. These findings provide valuable theoretical and experimental basis for considering the potential clinical application of JGP in the treatment of immune-mediated liver injury in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10854435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injections as an adjunctive therapy for cervical cancer in Chinese patients: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Fei Ma, Qun Wang, Di Zhang, Zihong Wang, Hui Xie, Xianghong Liu, Hongxing Zhang, Haiyan Song, Shiguang Sun","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2312217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2312217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chinese medicine injections (CMIs) are widely used as adjuvant therapy for cervical cancer in China. However, the effectiveness of different types of CMIs remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness and safety of CMIs when used in conjunction with radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), particularly in combination with cisplatin (DDP), docetaxel plus cisplatin (DP), and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to September 2023. We calculated the risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval and the surface under the cumulative ranking area curve (SUCRA) for the clinical efficacy rate (CER), the efficacy rate by Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and the rates of leukopenia reduction (LRR) and gastrointestinal reactions (GRR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven RCTs were included, including nine CMI types: <i>Aidi</i>, <i>Fufangkushen</i>, <i>Huangqi</i>, <i>Kangai</i> (KA), <i>Kanglaite</i> (KLT), <i>Renshenduotang</i>, <i>Shenqifuzheng</i> (SQFZ), <i>Shenmai</i> (SM), and <i>Yadanzi</i>. KLT and KA were likely optimal choices with radiotherapy for CER and KPS, respectively. KA and KLT were optimal choices with RT + DDP for CER and GRR, respectively. KLT was the likely optimal choice with RT + DP for CER and KA for both KPS and GRR. SM and SQFZ were the likely optimal choices with RT + TP for CER and LRR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The optimal recommendation depends on whether CMIs are used with radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. More high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm further and update the existing evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cephaeline promotes ferroptosis by targeting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy.","authors":"Peng Chen, Qingxuan Ye, Shang Liang, Linghui Zeng","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2309891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Cephaeline is a natural product isolated from ipecac (<i>Cephaelis ipecacuanha</i> [Brot.] A. Rich. [Rubiaceae]). It exhibits promising anti-lung cancer activity and ferroptosis induction may be a key mechanism for its anti-lung cancer effect.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the anti-lung cancer activity and mechanisms of cephaeline both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>H460 and A549 lung cancer cells were used. The cephaeline inhibition rate on lung cancer cells was detected <i>via</i> a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay after treatment with cephaeline for 24 h. Subsequently, the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 nM were used for <i>in vitro</i> experiments. In addition, the antitumour effects of cephaeline (5, 10 mg/kg) <i>in vivo</i> were evaluated after 12 d of cephaeline treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cephaeline showed significant inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells, and the IC₅₀ of cephaeline on H460 and A549 at 24, 48 and 72 h were 88, 58 and 35 nM, respectively, for H460 cells and 89, 65 and 43 nM, respectively, for A549 cells. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that ferroptosis is the key mechanism of cephaeline against lung cancer. Finally, we found that cephaeline induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells by targeting NRF2.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated for the first time that cephaeline inhibits NRF2, leading to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. These findings may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutics for lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139712809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanism of Qinggong Shoutao pill alleviating age-associated memory decline based on integration strategy.","authors":"Guiyun Pan, Lijuan Chai, Rui Chen, Qing Yuan, Zhihui Song, Wanying Feng, Jinna Wei, Zhihua Yang, Yuhang Zhang, Guinan Xie, An Yan, Qingbo Lv, Caijun Wang, Yingqiang Zhao, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2291689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2291689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Qinggong Shoutao Wan (QGSTW) is a pill used as a traditional medicine to treat age-associated memory decline (AAMI). However, its potential mechanisms are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study elucidates the possible mechanisms of QGSTW in treating AAMI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were utilized to identify the potential pathway by which QGSTW alleviates AAMI. C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into control, model, and QGSTW groups. A mouse model of AAMI was established by d-galactose, and the pathways that QGSTW acts on to ameliorate AAMI were determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting after treatment with d-gal (100 mg/kg) and QGSTW (20 mL/kg) for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology demonstrated that the targets of the active components were significantly enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway. AKT1, FOS, GRIN2B, and GRIN1 were the core target proteins. QGSTW treatment increased the discrimination index from -16.92 ± 7.06 to 23.88 ± 15.94% in the novel location test and from -19.54 ± 5.71 to 17.55 ± 6.73% in the novel object recognition test. ELISA showed that QGSTW could increase the levels of cAMP. Western blot analysis revealed that QGSTW could upregulate the expression of PKA, CREB, c-Fos, GluN1, GluA1, CaMKII-α, and SYN. Immunostaining revealed that the expression of SYN was decreased in the CA1 and DG.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study not only provides new insights into the mechanism of QGSTW in the treatment of AAMI but also provides important information and new research ideas for the discovery of traditional Chinese medicine compounds that can treat AAMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of an inclusion complex of coixol with β-cyclodextrin polymers.","authors":"Xing-Chen Wang, Xin-Yu Shen, Lin Chen, Rong Wei, Ming-Yuan Wei, Cai-Hong Gu, Rong-Rong Xu, Sheng-Qing Ding, Bo Pan","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong><i>Coix</i> [<i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>mayuen</i> (Roman.) Stapf (Poaceae)], a crop of medicinal and edible significance, contains coixol, which has demonstrated anticancer properties. However, the limited solubility of coixol restricts its potential therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study prepared a water-soluble coixol-β-cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) inclusion compound and evaluated its anticancer effect.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The coixol-CDP compound was synthesized through a solvent-stirring and freeze-drying technique. Its coixol content was quantified using HPLC, and its stability was tested under various conditions. The anticancer effects of the coixol-CDP compound (4.129, 8.259, 16.518, and 33.035 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h) on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay; cell morphology was examined by Hoechst nuclear staining; apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry; and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed by Western blots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The water-soluble coixol-CDP inclusion compound was successfully prepared with an inclusion ratio of 86.6% and an inclusion yield rate of 84.1%. The coixol content of the compound was 5.63% and the compound remained stable under various conditions. Compared to coixol alone, all 24, 48, and 72 h administrations with the coixol-CDP compound exhibited lower IC₅₀ values (33.93 ± 2.28, 16.80 ± 1.46, and 6.93 ± 0.83 mg/L) in A549 cells; the compound also showed stronger regulatory effects on apoptosis-related proteins.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>These findings offer a new perspective for the potential clinical application of <i>Coix</i> in NSCLC therapy and its future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of traditional Chinese medicine preclinical mechanisms and clinical studies on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Yuna Zhang, Xianglong Wu, Wenhui Yao, Yadong Ni, Xuansheng Ding","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2369301","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2369301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) results in an enormous burden and reduces the quality of life for patients. Considering there is no specific drug for the management of DPN, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly drawn attention of clinicians and researchers around the world due to its characteristics of multiple targets, active components, and exemplary safety.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the current status of TCM in the treatment of DPN and provide directions for novel drug development, the clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM used in treating DPN were comprehensively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Existing evidence on TCM interventions for DPN was screened from databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (CENTRAL), and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). The focus was on summarizing and analyzing representative preclinical and clinical TCM studies published before 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review identified the ameliorative effects of about 22 single herbal extracts, more than 30 herbal compound prescriptions, and four Chinese patent medicines on DPN in preclinical and clinical research. The latest advances in the mechanism highlight that TCM exerts its beneficial effects on DPN by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and improving mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCM has shown the power latent capacity in treating DPN. It is proposed that more large-scale and multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials and fundamental experiments should be conducted to further verify these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of crude peptide extracts from <i>Allium sativum</i> and <i>Allium oschaninii</i> against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.","authors":"Thitiluck Swangsri, Onrapak Reamtong, Sompob Saralamba, Pakavadee Rakthong, Urusa Thaenkham, Naowarat Saralamba","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2395517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2024.2395517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Plant peptides garner attention for their potential antimicrobial properties amid the rising concern over antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the antibacterial potential of crude peptide extracts from 27 Thai plants collected locally.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Peptide extracts from 34 plant parts, derived from 27 Thai plants, were tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against four highly resistant bacterial strains: <i>Streptococcus aureus</i> MRSA, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The stability of these peptide extracts was examined at different temperatures, and the synergistic effects of two selected plant peptide extracts were investigated. Additionally, the time-kill kinetics of the individual extracts and their combination were determined against the tested pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peptides from <i>Allium sativum</i> L. and <i>Allium oschaninii</i> O. Fedtsch (Amaryllidaceae) were particularly potent, inhibiting bacterial growth with MICs ranging from 1.43 to 86.50 µg/mL. The consistent MICs and MBCs of these extracts across various extraction time points highlight their reliability. Stability tests reveal that these peptides maintain their antimicrobial activity at -20 °C for over a month, emphasizing their durability for future exploration and potential applications in addressing antibiotic resistance. Time-kill assays elucidate the time and concentration-dependent nature of these antimicrobial effects, underscoring their potent initial activity and sustained efficacy over time.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the antimicrobial potential of <i>Allium</i>-derived peptides, endorsing them for combating antibiotic resistance and prompting further investigation into their mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians.","authors":"David Sylvester Kacholi","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Tanzania has rich medicinal plant (MP) resources, and most rural inhabitants rely on traditional healing practices for their primary healthcare needs. However, available research evidence on antimalarial MPs is highly fragmented in the country.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review compiles ethnomedicinal research evidence on MPs used by Tanzanians as antimalarials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic web search was conducted using various electronic databases and grey materials to gather relevant information on antimalarial MPs utilized by Tanzanians. The review was per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The data were collected from 25 articles, and MS Excel software was used to analyse relevant ethnobotanical information using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 227 MPs belonging to 67 botanical families and 180 genera were identified. Fabaceae (15.9%) is the most frequently utilized family. The ethnobotanical recipes analysis indicated leaves (40%) and trees (44%) are the preferred MPs part and life form, respectively. Decoctions (67%) are the dominant preparation method of remedies. Of the recorded MPs, 25.9% have been scientifically investigated for antimalarial activities with positive results. However, 74.1% of MPs have no scientific records on antimalarial activities, but they could be potential sources of remedies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study discloses a wealth of antimalarial MPs possessed by Tanzanians and suggests a need for research to authenticate the healing potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied MPs. Additionally, it indicates that some of the presented MPs are potential sources for developing safe, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10812860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing oral bioavailability of andrographolide using solubilizing agents and bioenhancer: comparative pharmacokinetics of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> formulations in beagle dogs.","authors":"Phanit Songvut, Tussapon Boonyarattanasoonthorn, Nitra Nuengchamnong, Thammaporn Junsai, Teetat Kongratanapasert, Kittitach Supannapan, Phisit Khemawoot","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2311201","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2311201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The therapeutic potential of andrographolide is hindered by its poor oral bioavailability and unpredictable pharmacokinetics, primarily due to its limited water solubility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work aimed to enhance the solubility and pharmacokinetics of andrographolide, a bioactive compound in <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (Burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae), using solubilizing agents and a bioenhancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four groups of beagles were compared: (1) <i>A. paniculata</i> powder alone (control), (2) <i>A. paniculata</i> powder with 50% weight/weight (w/w) β-cyclodextrin solubilizer, (3) <i>A. paniculata</i> powder with 1% w/w sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solubilizer, and (4) <i>A. paniculata</i> powder co-administered with 1% w/w SDS solubilizer and 10% piperine bioenhancer. All groups received a consistent oral dose of 3 mg/kg of andrographolide, administered both as a single dose and multiple doses over seven consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen chemical compounds were identified in <i>A. paniculata</i> powder, including 7 diterpenoids, 5 flavonoids, and 1 phenolic compound. <i>A. paniculata</i> co-administration with either 50% w/w β-cyclodextrin or 1% w/w SDS, alone or in combination with 10% w/w piperine, significantly increased systemic andrographolide exposure by enhancing bioavailability (131.01% to 196.05%) following single and multiple oral co-administration. Glucuronidation is one possible biotransformation pathway for andrographolide, as evidenced by the excretion of glucuronide conjugates in urine and feces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of solubilizing agents and a bioenhancer improved the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of andrographolide, indicating potential implications for <i>A. paniculata</i> formulations and clinical therapeutic benefits. Further investigation in clinical studies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10868414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogeneous <i>Polyporus</i> polysaccharide exerts anti-bladder cancer effects via autophagy induction.","authors":"Siwan Luo, Xiaopeng Huang, Shiqi Li, Yuwen Chen, Xian Zhang, Xing Zeng","doi":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2316195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13880209.2024.2316195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS), the leading bioactive ingredient extracted from <i>Polyporus umbellatus</i> (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporaceae), has been demonstrated to exert anti-bladder cancer and immunomodulatory functions in macrophages.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effects of homogeneous Polyporus polysaccharide (HPP) on the proliferation and autophagy of bladder cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>MB49 bladder cancer cells and RAW264.7 macrophages were co-cultured with or without HPP intervention (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2″-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining evaluated MB49 cell proliferation. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed autophagosomes. Western blotting detected the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPP inhibited the proliferation of MB49 cells co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells but not MB49 cells alone. HPP altered the expression of autophagy-related proteins and promoted the formation of autophagosomes in MB49 cells in the co-culture system. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) not only antagonized HPP-induced autophagy but also attenuated the inhibitory effects of HPP on MB49 cell proliferation in the co-culture system. HPP or RAW264.7 alone was not sufficient to induce autophagy in MB49 cells. In addition, HPP suppressed the protein expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in MB49 cells in the co-culture system.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>HPP induced bladder cancer cell autophagy by regulating macrophages in the co-culture system, resulting in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was involved in HPP-induced autophagy in the co-culture system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19942,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10868468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}