Pathology, research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Understanding oncobiosis in ovarian cancer: Emerging concepts in tumor progression","authors":"Preeti Sharma ,&nbsp;Sumanta Das ,&nbsp;Rituraj Rituraj ,&nbsp;Bhagyashree Bhagyashree","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality and has recently been linked to microbial dysbiosis or oncobiosis. Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, and recent research has revealed numerous new mechanisms showing how tumors interact with their surrounding microenvironment. The inclusion of microbiome studies has significantly advanced this field revealing the important role microbes play, not only in maintaining normal physiological functions of the human body but also in influencing oncogenic pathways. This expanding knowledge is deepening our understanding of tumor pathophysiology and is helping to create new diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies for specific cancers. This review explores the role of the microbiome in ovarian carcinogenesis, focusing on its interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its influence on inflammation, immune regulation and metabolic signaling. This review studied dysbiosis in several anatomical compartments such as the gut, oral cavity, lower and upper genital tracts and ovarian tissues, in relation to ovarian oncobiosis. Emerging clinical implications of these studies include the use of microbial profiles as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutic strategies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics are also discussed for their ability to restore microbial balance and enhance treatment efficacy. This review highlights the importance of continued research to explore causal relationships between the microbiome and tumorigenesis, positioning microbiome studies as promising tools in ovarian cancer management and improving patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating multi-omics data with artificial intelligence to decipher the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor immunotherapy","authors":"Ting Xie,&nbsp;Haochen Xue,&nbsp;Aoling Huang,&nbsp;Honglin Yan,&nbsp;Jingping Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are capable of recognizing tumor antigens, impacting tumor prognosis, predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapies, contributing to the development of new cell-based immunotherapies, studying the tumor immune microenvironment, and identifying novel biomarkers. Traditional methods for evaluating TILs primarily rely on histopathological examination using standard hematoxylin and eosin staining or immunohistochemical staining, with manual cell counting under a microscope. These methods are time-consuming and subject to significant observer variability and error. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in the field of medical imaging, particularly with deep learning algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. AI has shown promise as a powerful tool for the quantitative evaluation of tumor biomarkers. The advent of AI offers new opportunities for the automated and standardized assessment of TILs. This review provides an overview of the advancements in the application of AI for assessing TILs from multiple perspectives. It specifically focuses on AI-driven approaches for identifying TILs in tumor tissue images, automating TILs quantification, recognizing TILs subpopulations, and analyzing the spatial distribution patterns of TILs. The review aims to elucidate the prognostic value of TILs in various cancers, as well as their predictive capacity for responses to immunotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the integration of AI with other emerging technologies, such as single-cell sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, spatial transcriptomics, and multimodal approaches, to enhance the comprehensive study of TILs and further elucidate their clinical utility in tumor treatment and prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developments in pancreatic cancer emerging therapies, diagnostic methods, and epidemiology","authors":"Mohd Haris Jamal ,&nbsp;MD Nasiruddin Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic cancer is still one of the deadliest malignancies, characterised by late-stage diagnosis, aggressive biology, and considerable resistance to conventional treatments. Despite improvements in understanding the molecular mechanisms and innovations in treatment, the overall survival remains abysmal: fewer than 9 % of patients survive beyond 5 years. By 2030, PC is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. owing to chemoresistance, rapid metastatic spread, and limited effective immunotherapeutic choices. This review highlights current progress in this field, including epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and emerging biomarkers. Recent progress in genetic and molecular profiling has provided important information about pancreatic cancer. It has identified key mutations in genes like KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 that play a major role in driving the disease. Such revelations have provided the impetus to explore novel targeted therapies against these mutations. Furthermore, the advances in liquid biopsies incorporating circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, and exosomes hold substantial promise for early diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, and detection of minimal residual disease—any of which could radically transform PC management. While very limited options for the treatment of advanced-stage PC remain, the only potential curative treatment is surgery, yet only 10–15 % of patients are diagnosed with potentially resectable disease. Researchers are looking into new methods to help more patients qualify for surgery. This involves using chemotherapy and radiotherapy to reduce the size of the tumor before the operation. New chemotherapy treatments like FOLFIRINOX (which includes 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) have improved results for some patients, but they can still cause significant side effects. Immunotherapy, though revolutionary in other cancers, has had limited success in PC due to the tumour's immunosuppressive microenvironment. Researchers are looking into using immune checkpoint inhibitors together with chemotherapy, radiation, and drugs that target the surrounding tissue to improve the body's immune response. There is also considerable excitement surrounding personalised approaches with adoptive cell therapies such as CAR-T cells and TILs, which are trialled with early evidence of potential efficacy. Attempts are also being made to address the dense desmoplastic stroma of the tumour that characterises PC. Drugs that can fight resistance or new medicines that might affect the tumor environment, stop changes in surrounding tissues, and improve how drugs are delivered have shown some potential in laboratory tests so far. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are also being developed to improve the bioavailability and targeted delivery of chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETV4 promotes the growth, metastasis, glycolysis, and oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer by transcription activation-mediated SLC38A5 upregulation","authors":"Yujun Huang ,&nbsp;Jinyong He ,&nbsp;Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiuting Du ,&nbsp;Junhui Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have indicated that solute carrier family 38 member 5 (SLC38A5), an amino acid transporter, plays an important role in some solid tumors. However, the role and mechanism of SLC38A5 in the progression of CRC are poorly defined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this research, TIMER, UALCAN, and GEPIA databases were applied to analyze the expression of SLC38A5 in CRC. SLC38A5 and E26 transformation-specific variant 4 (ETV4) mRNA levels were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. SLC38A5, ETV4, HK-2, and LDHA protein levels were measured using western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay. Glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels were assessed using relevant kits. Binding between ETV4 and SLC38A5 promoter was predicted by JASPAR and validated using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The biological role of ETV4 on CRC tumor growth was examined by the xenograft tumor model <em>in vivo.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ETV4 and SLC38A5 were highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Moreover, SLC38A5 deficiency could hinder CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, and improved L-OHP sensitivity <em>in vitro</em>. Mechanistically, ETV4 was a transcription factor of SLC38A5 and activated the transcriptional activity of SLC38A5 via binding to its promoter region. ETV4 silencing knockdown repressed tumor growth <em>in vivo.</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SLC38A5 transcriptionally mediated by ETV4 expedites CRC cell growth, metastasis, glycolysis, L-OHP resistance, which provides a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: From pathogenesis to treatment","authors":"Masoud Lahouty ,&nbsp;Manouchehr Fadaee ,&nbsp;Reza Aghaei ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Jafari ,&nbsp;Yaeghob Sharifi","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to rank among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. A growing body of research indicates that the microbiome significantly influences the onset, development, and progression of CRC, in addition to affecting the efficacy of various systemic therapies. The composition of the microbiome, shaped by factors such as bacterial strains, geography, ethnicity, gender, and dietary habits, provides essential information for CRC screening, early diagnosis, and the prediction of treatment responses. Modulating the microbiome presents a highly promising medical strategy for improving individual health. This review aims to present a thorough overview of recent research concerning the interplay between host microbiota and CRC, along with its implications for screening and the immune response against tumors in the context of cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 expression profiles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for combined immunotherapy and ADC targeted therapies","authors":"Zhiyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Ge Wei ,&nbsp;Peng Song ,&nbsp;Changlei Li ,&nbsp;Guohua Wang ,&nbsp;Zengjin Wen ,&nbsp;Lisai Liu ,&nbsp;Guangqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 are targets of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) drugs and immunological agents, respectively, closely related to the biological characteristics of malignant tumors. This study analyzed the expression and clinical significance of Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 and their association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinicopathological data of 140 patients with ESCC undergoing radical resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the expression of Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 in the specimens, with quantification and categorization of expression levels by the histochemistry score (H-score). For PD-L1, the combined positive score (CPS) was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Positivity rates for Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 were 99.3 %, 95.7 %, and 43.6 %, respectively. Trop2 correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node invasion, and advanced tumor stage, while Nectin-4 was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion, peripheral nerve invasion, lymph node invasion, and advanced pathological T stage. Additionally, PD-L1-positive patients exhibited higher rates of elevated Trop2 and Nectin-4 expression, increased lymphatic vessel invasion, and advanced pathological T stage compared to PD-L1-negative patients. Furthermore, among individuals potentially eligible for immunotherapy (PD-L1 CPS &gt;10), PD-L1 expression displayed a significantly weak correlation with Nectin-4 expression. Furthermore, Trop2 served as an independent poor prognostic indicator for ESCC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The expression landscape of Trop2, Nectin-4, and PD-L1 in ESCC indicated the feasibility of combining immunotherapy with ADC drug-targeted therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of CD56, BRAF and CD15 in the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma","authors":"Ricard Onieva Carbajo ,&nbsp;Joan Carles Ferreres Piñas ,&nbsp;Marta Alcalà Lorente ,&nbsp;Ismael Capel Flores ,&nbsp;Albert Cano Palomares ,&nbsp;Berta Bella Burgos ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Guirao Garriga ,&nbsp;Víctor Pérez-Riverola ,&nbsp;Maria Rosa Escoda Giralt ,&nbsp;Santiago Barcons Vilaplana ,&nbsp;Roser Monmany Badia ,&nbsp;Khalid El Hamshari Rebollo ,&nbsp;Catalina Padilla Navas ,&nbsp;Maria Rosa Bella Cueto","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions with papillary carcinoma-like nuclear features includes low-risk entities, such as follicular thyroid neoplasia with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and high-risk entities, such as the tall cell subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCS). Morphological criteria are essential to distinguish them, but having immunohistochemical techniques to discriminate between these entities would be desirable.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>8 TCS, 27 papillary carcinomas of classic subtype (CS) and 20 NIFTP were selected. Immunohistochemical staining for <em>BRAF</em>, CD56, B-Catenin, CD15, Muc-1 and Napsin A was performed for each case and correlated with the histological diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All TCS cases were positive for <em>BRAF</em> and CD15 (p &lt; 0.05 compared to CS) and none showed positivity for CD56. In the comparison of papillary carcinoma (TCS and CS) and NIFTP, immunostaining for <em>BRAF</em>, CD56 and CD15 showed statistically significant differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>BRAF</em>, CD56 and CD15 immunostaining are useful to differentiate between NIFTP, CS and TCS, making it possible to identify a group of tumours with the combination CD56 negative, <em>BRAF</em> positive and CD15 positive that includes 100 % of TCS and 35 % of CS and a group of CD56 positive, <em>BRAF</em> negative and CD15 negative tumours that includes 52 % of NIFTP and 7 % of CS, facilitating the diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulated thyroid neoplasms with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma: Histological and molecular evidence that subtypes with variable extension of papillary formation may still behave favorably","authors":"Paula Martinez Vianna ,&nbsp;Alda Wakamatsu ,&nbsp;Aline Kawassaki Assato ,&nbsp;Gabriel Avelar Colozza-Gama ,&nbsp;Janete Maria Cerutti ,&nbsp;Venancio Avancini Ferreira Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the definition of “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features”, the evaluation of the tumor capsule and the architectural pattern in encapsulated neoplasms with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma has gained greater importance in the pathologist's practice. The present study aims to expand the concept of non-invasive encapsulated thyroid lesions to neoplasms with variable extent of papillae formation, focusing mainly on histological and molecular characteristics with prognostic significance. We retrospectively evaluated the anatomopathological variables of 103 encapsulated thyroid neoplasms with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma. We investigated the presence of mutations in the <em>BRAF</em> and <em>NRAS</em> genes using Sanger Sequencing in 81 cases. Tumor capsule infiltration was the histological feature associated with vascular invasion (p = 0.050) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.024), being more frequent in tumors with papillary architecture and thick capsule. The mutation in the <em>BRAF</em> gene was identified mainly in tumors with a higher percentage of papillae formation (p = 0.008⁻³), in those with infiltration of the tumor capsule (p = 0.004) and in most neoplasms smaller than or equal to 10 mm (p = 0.006⁻¹). Tumors without mutations in the <em>BRAF</em> gene showed a lower frequency of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027). Tumor capsule infiltration proved to be a prerequisite for vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis, and the papillary architectural pattern of the neoplasm presented as the main anatomopathological characteristic associated with its occurrence. Encapsulated neoplasms with papillae formation without <em>BRAF</em> mutation, with no evidence of vascular invasion and without tumor capsule infiltration may represent a subtype with a favorable prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGFR3 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate biomarker for FGFR3 alterations in urothelial carcinoma","authors":"Claudia Mercader ,&nbsp;Ricardo López ,&nbsp;Laura Ferrer ,&nbsp;Ricard Calderon ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Ribera-Cortada ,&nbsp;Isabel Trias ,&nbsp;Sandra Cobo-López ,&nbsp;Samuel Sánchez ,&nbsp;Antonio Alcaraz ,&nbsp;Lourdes Mengual ,&nbsp;Leonardo Rodríguez-Carunchio ,&nbsp;Antoni Vilaseca","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>FGFR3</em> alterations are common in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and have implications both in prognosis and treatment. <em>FGFR3</em> analysis is the current gold standard, but limitations as cost, turnaround time or accessibility may exist. FGFR3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) could provide a faster and more cost-effective identification of <em>FGFR3</em> alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the accuracy of FGFR3 IHC as a surrogate biomarker for <em>FGFR3</em> variants in UC. We retrospectively reviewed 41 UC patients from an institutional database selected by stratified random sampling based on presence of muscle invasion and <em>FGFR</em>3 variants. <em>FGFR3</em> genetic analysis had been stablished through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. FGFR3 IHC was performed using a FGFR3 mouse monoclonal antibody and blindly evaluated by three independent pathologists. Results were dichotomised into positive (membrane and cytoplasm positivity even in small foci of cells) or negative categories. The cohort included 37 patients with bladder cancer and four with upper tract urinary carcinoma (UTUC). Twenty-two patients had muscle-invasive tumours (11 without and 11 with <em>FGFR3</em> variants), while the other 19 had non-muscle-invasive disease (10 without and 9 with <em>FGFR3</em> variants). FGFR3 IHC exhibited 80 % sensitivity, 95 % specificity, 94 % PPV and 83 % NPV to detect <em>FGFR3</em> variants. There was concordance among the three pathologists in 78 % of samples, which traduces a substantial agreement with a Fleiss’ kappa statistic of 0.7. Our study suggests that FGFR3 IHC is feasible and could potentially eliminate the need for genetic testing in patients with positive immunohistochemical results. Our findings support a dichotomic evaluation for FGFR3 IHC, which has the potential to enhance reproducibility compared to more complex scoring systems. Still, further research is needed to validate this proposed diagnostic algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ‘Cytorisk Index’ (IL-6*survivin/IL-4 ratio) as a predictor of tumour aggression in breast cancer","authors":"Lucy Chawisangzeli ,&nbsp;Ritika Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Alokit Tanwar ,&nbsp;Meeta Singh ,&nbsp;Pawanindra Lal ,&nbsp;Binita Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers afflicting women. Immuno-oncology is an upcoming field which has established the role of immunocompetent cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple cancers including breast cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study comprised of three groups- Group Icytologically confirmed breast cancer, group II- benign breast disease, group IIInormal healthy controls. Survivin, IL-4 and IL-6 levels were estimated and a novel index- cytorisk index calculated. The breast cancer patients were followed up and the histopathological markers of tumour aggression were correlated with the cytorisk index calculated at the time of diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median Cytorisk Index values were: control group – 90.86 (IQR: 33.29–167.37), benign group – 0.004 (IQR: 0.002–0.012), and malignant group – 31.91 (IQR: 9.61–73.19). Pearson’s correlation analysis between the Cytorisk Index and lymphovascular invasion (LV1) and perineural invasion (PN1) status revealed a statistically significant positive correlation (p = 0.016)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The significance of our findings lies in the Cytorisk Index's ability to serve as a noninvasive biomarker for distinguishing between benign breast tumors, malignant breast tumors, and healthy individuals during the initial stages of tumor detection. The positive correlation with the histopathological markers of disease aggression highlights the importance of this index as an important marker of breast cancer prognostication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}