Pathology, research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in stem cell approaches to neurodegeneration: A comprehensive review with mechanistic insight","authors":"Md. Zamshed Alam Begh ,&nbsp;Mehrukh Zehravi ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Kuddus Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;M. Raju Molla ,&nbsp;Kannan Raman ,&nbsp;Talha Bin Emran ,&nbsp;Md. Habib Ullah ,&nbsp;Irfan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Hamid Osman ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progressive nature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, presents substantial problems because current treatments are still obscure. Stem cell-based treatments are emerging as a viable solution to address the significant gaps in treating these severe diseases. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in stem cell research, focusing on the treatment of NDs. Various types of stem cells, such as adult, induced pluripotent, and embryonic stem cells, and their potential applications in immunomodulation, neurotrophic factor release, and neuronal development are also discussed. Recent clinical studies reveal outcomes, challenges, and solutions, with advancements in disease-specific neural cell production, gene editing, and improved stem cell transplantation transport strategies. The review discussed future perspectives on developing more effective stem cell-based interventions. Biomaterials are being used for cell distribution and personalized medicine techniques to improve treatment outcomes, while exploring stem cell treatments for NDs and identifying areas for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the progress and challenges of developing dendritic-based vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV)","authors":"Ali Ameri ,&nbsp;Hossein Gandomkar ,&nbsp;Hanan Hassan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Radhwan Abdul Kareem ,&nbsp;Hayder Naji Sameer ,&nbsp;Ahmed Yaseen ,&nbsp;Zainab H. Athab ,&nbsp;Mohaned Adil ,&nbsp;Iman Ghasemzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections that last a long time are a significant public health problem worldwide. About 254 million people around the world are chronically sick with HBV. Each year, 1.2 million new cases occur, and in 2022, 1.1 million people will die from the disease. So, it has been essential to work on finding ways to treat and avoid HBV. The process of therapeutic vaccination involves giving people a non-infectious form of a virus to start or improve immune reactions specific to HBV. This helps keep HBV infections under control. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant part in beginning the adaptive immune response, which could decide how well an HBV infection is treated. DC-based treatment has been looked into for people with chronic HBV (CHB) infection and has shown some sound effects. Vaccines for CHB that use DCs boost antiviral immunity by improving T cells and breaking the immune system's resistance against HBV. In these vaccines, DCs are loaded with HBV antigens (like HBsAg, HBcAg, or peptides) outside of the body and then put back into the patient to make the immune system work better. In conclusion, this DC treatment is a biological therapy method with a good chance of being used. This study examined the different DC-based medicines that can treat and prevent HBV. Finally, we've talked about clinical studies, the current problems, how to fix them, and the future of this vaccine for treating and preventing HBV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring multi-instance learning in whole slide imaging: Current and future perspectives","authors":"Jikai Yu ,&nbsp;Hongda Chen ,&nbsp;Lianxin Hu ,&nbsp;Boyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Shicheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayun Zhu ,&nbsp;Yizhen Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuwen Han ,&nbsp;Zefeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whole slide images (WSI), due to their gigabyte-scale size and ultra-high resolution, play a significant role in diagnostic pathology. However, the enormous data size makes it difficult to directly input these images into image processing units (GPU) for computation, limiting the development of automated screening and diagnostic algorithms. As an effective computational framework, multi-instance learning (MIL) has provided strong support in addressing this challenge. This review systematically summarizes the research progress and applications of MIL in WSI analysis, based on over 90 articles retrieved from Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and PubMed. It briefly outlines the unique advantages and specific improvements in handling whole slide images, with a focus on analyzing the core characteristics and performance of mainstream techniques in tasks such as cancer detection and subtype classification. The results indicate that methods like data preprocessing, multi-scale feature fusion, representative instance selection, and Transformer-based models significantly enhance the ability of MIL in WSI processing. Furthermore, this paper also summarizes the characteristics of different technologies and proposes future research directions to promote the widespread application of MIL in pathological diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational investigation of the interplay between cellular stress and ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Donia G. Youssef ,&nbsp;Hamdy I.A. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Faraag ,&nbsp;Abdo A. Elfiky","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis and cellular stress are related to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study used molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and protein-peptide docking to pinpoint the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) interaction site. The cyclic peptide Pep42 had previously been identified as a selective target for GRP78 on cancer cell membranes. Sequence alignments reveal that the GPX4 cyclic regions: R1 (C7-C16), R2 (C16-C29), R3 (C7-C29), and R7 (C93-C102) share sequence identity of 30.00 %, 30.77 %, 38.46 %, and 42.86 % against Pep42 peptide, respectively. Moreover, these four GPX4 regions have a grand average hydrophobicity index (GRAVY) of 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.5, respectively, similar to Pep42's GRAVY of 1.1. Additionally, they show strong binding affinities for GRP78 substrate binding domain β (SBDβ) (−6.81, −7.85, −8.77, and −7.25 kcal/mol, for R1, R2, R3, and R7, respectively). This study attempts to predict the binding site which needs further extensive experimental validation aimed at exploring potential disruptors of the GRP78 –GPX4 association. This would block ferroptosis resistance and chemoresistance in TNBC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Study of toxic and essential elemental imbalances at more advance stage of breast carcinoma patients” [Pathol. Res. Pract. 269 (2025) 155866]","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Qayyum ,&nbsp;Sajid Mahmood ,&nbsp;Ali Bahadur ,&nbsp;Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Ammar Zidan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saad ,&nbsp;Mian H.R. Mahmood ,&nbsp;Tahir Farooq ,&nbsp;Marrium Batool ,&nbsp;Muhammad Atif ,&nbsp;Fadi Jaberj ,&nbsp;K.K. Mujeeb Rahman ,&nbsp;Zahid Farooq ,&nbsp;Yousif A. Asiri ,&nbsp;Abd-ElAziem Farouk ,&nbsp;Salman Aloufi","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 156000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysine demethylases and cancer","authors":"Tomas Eckschlager,&nbsp;Ales Vicha,&nbsp;Daniela Frolikova","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic mechanisms are of pivotal importance in the normal development and maintenance of cell and tissue-specific gene expression patterns, and are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. One significant category of epigenetic modifications is histone methylation. Histone methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, and its dysregulation has been observed in various diseases, including cancer. The maintenance of the histone methylation state is dependent on two classes of enzymes: histone methyltransferases, which add methyl groups to arginine and lysine residues, and lysine demethylases, which remove methyl groups from lysine residues of histones. To date, eight subfamilies have been identified, comprising approximately 30 lysine demethylases. These enzymes are expressed differently across cells and tissues and exert a substantial impact on the development and progression of cancer. The diverse range of lysine demethylases influence a multitude of oncogenic pathways, either by promoting or inhibiting their activity. However, comprehensive data on the full spectrum expression of lysine demethylases in distinct cancer types remain scarce. Lysine demethylases have been demonstrated to play a role in drug resistance in numerous cancers. This is achieved by modulating the metabolic profile of cancer cells, enhancing the ratio of cancer stem cells, and elevating the expression of drug-tolerant genes. Additionally, they facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic potential. The objective of this review is to synthesize recent data on the relationship between lysine demethylases and cancer, with a particular focus on cancer cell drug resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and invasion phenotype in retinoblastoma","authors":"Xiaoliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhida Lan ,&nbsp;Guangping Gao ,&nbsp;Guanyu Li ,&nbsp;Ziwei Dai ,&nbsp;Shangyao Qin ,&nbsp;Wei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As the most common intraocular malignant tumor, retinoblastoma (RB) is associated with high mortality during early childhood. The heterogeneous cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses, tumor growth and metastasis progression. However, the landscape of TME heterogeneity and cell-cell communication networks in RB remain poorly characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Different phenotypes of RB were characterized by integrated single-cell sequencing data. Cellular subclusters of three principal TME components were systematically identified. CellChat analyzed package was employed to depict intercellular communications across all types of cells in TME. Next, pseudotime trajectory analyses were performed with Monocle package. CIBERSORT algorithms (LM22 signature matrix) and CIBERSORTx platform were employed to characterize immune cell infiltration landscape from microarray data. Finally, functional enrichment profiling elucidated associations between TME subcluster signatures and extraocular invasion phenotypes of RB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Characteristic subclusters of TME components, such as MG1 in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and AC1 in astrocyte-like cells were probably associated with RB extraocular invasion in different ways. And RB invasive progression might be relevant with the cell-cell communications landscape change between TME-related cell populations. Trajectory analysis revealed the potential correlation of RB invasion with the increase of immature TAMs and the decrease of terminally differentiated astrocyte-like cells. Functional enrichment analysis further profiled the distinct molecular feature of characteristic subclusters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study systematically delineates TME heterogeneity landscapes across non-invasive versus invasive RB, providing mechanistic insights into intercellular communications within TME. Our findings might have the potential to develop microenvironment-targeted therapeutic strategies in RB management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and analysis of diagnostic markers related to lactate metabolism in myocardial infarction","authors":"Haozhen Yu ,&nbsp;Lanxin Gu ,&nbsp;Heng Ma ,&nbsp;Lu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactate metabolism is implicated in myocardial infarction (MI), yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Identifying lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) could uncover new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for MI. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis on GeneCards database to identify 498 LMRGs and intersected them with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from MI samples, yielding 17 key genes. We utilized consensus clustering and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to refine our gene list to 981 candidate genes. Machine learning algorithms identified three biomarkers: OLIG1, LIN52, and RLBP1, associated with 'ribosome' and 'carbon metabolism' pathways. Enrichment analyses and immune microenvironment assessments were performed, and networks including drug-gene interactions and kinase-transcription factor (TF)-mRNA-miRNA were constructed to explore the functions and potential therapeutic implications of these genes. The three biomarkers showed significant correlations with immune cell types, with OLIG1 having the highest positive correlation with monocytes and the highest negative correlation with neutrophils. The drug-gene network revealed potential interactions such as methapyrilene with LIN52 and 'bisphenol A′ with RLBP1. The kinase-TF-mRNA-miRNA network comprised 209 nodes and 470 edges, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. Our study identified three key biomarkers, OLIG1, LIN52, and RLBP1, in lactate metabolism associated with MI, providing insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. These findings warrant further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of these biomarkers in MI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting E3 ligases for lung cancer therapy: The promise of DCAF-PROTACs","authors":"Md Sadique Hussain ,&nbsp;Lina Eltaib ,&nbsp;Amita Joshi Rana ,&nbsp;Mudasir Maqbool ,&nbsp;Sumel Ashique ,&nbsp;Mashael N. Alanazi ,&nbsp;Yumna Khan ,&nbsp;Mohit Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. One emerging approach in drug development targets oncogenic proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), specifically through proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Among the various E3 ligase complexes, the CRL4 complex—comprising DDB1 and CUL4-associated factors (DCAFs)—has garnered attention for its roles in cellular homeostasis, DNA repair, and oncogenesis. This review explores the therapeutic potential of DCAF-based PROTACs (DCAF-PROTACs) in lung cancer by focusing on the substrate receptors DCAF13, DCAF15, and DCAF16, which mediate CRL4-dependent ubiquitination. We first discuss the dysregulation of DCAF proteins in lung cancer and then elaborate on their mechanistic role in facilitating target-specific protein degradation via DCAF-E3 ligase complexes. Recent studies show that DCAF-PROTACs selectively degrade oncogenic proteins, addressing treatment resistance and tumor heterogeneity. Notably, DCAF13 promotes lung adenocarcinoma by destabilizing p53, while DCAF15-PROTACs target and degrade RBM39 effectively. Additionally, the development of electrophilic PROTACs targeting DCAF16 presents a promising avenue for degrading nuclear proteins. Despite these advancements, several challenges must be addressed prior to clinical translation, including issues related to drug bioavailability, stability, and emerging resistance mechanisms. This review also explores the potential of combination therapies, particularly with immunotherapy, to enhance tumor specificity and therapeutic efficacy. Ultimately, the deployment of DCAF-PROTACs marks a significant advancement in precision oncology, offering a novel and targeted approach to protein degradation-based cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 156001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical advantages in providing artificial intelligence-assisted prostate cancer diagnosis: A pilot study","authors":"C. Eloy ,&nbsp;A. Asaturova ,&nbsp;J. Pinto ,&nbsp;I. Rienda ,&nbsp;A. Syrnioti ,&nbsp;R. Prisco ,&nbsp;A. Polónia","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate cancer is a prevalent male malignancy, with increasing incidence rates placing significant diagnostic burdens on pathology services worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising aid in enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. This study evaluates the clinical benefits of AI-assisted prostate biopsy (PB) diagnosis, with Paige Prostate tool, compared to non-AI-assisted PB diagnosis, focusing on its predictive accuracy for features in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. A retrospective analysis included 55 patients divided into two cohorts: one with non-AI-assisted PB diagnosis (n = 25) and another with AI-assisted PB diagnosis (n = 30). Pathological assessments recorded tumor size, Gleason score, Grade Group, and perineural invasion. The correlation between PB and RP results was analyzed, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05. AI-assisted PB diagnosis showed faster reporting times by 24 hours, enhancing workflow efficiency. AI assistance improved the correlation of tumor size between PB and RP, showing a substantial agreement (R=0.646, p &lt; 0.001) compared to non-AI (R=0.479, p = 0.015). Gleason Score concordance increased by 13 % in the AI-assisted group, achieving 73.3 % versus 60 % in the non-AI-assisted group. This small pilot study suggests that AI-assisted PB diagnosis appears to enhance efficiency and accuracy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, a finding to be confirmed with further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}