Pathology, research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"MicroRNA-129-5p suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of retinoblastoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PAX6\" [Pathol. - Res. Pract. 215 (2019) 152641].","authors":"Yang Liu, Guodong Liang, Hong Wang, Zengshan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2025.156029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"156029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and therapeutic experiences of renal cancer related to Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion: A case series of 18 patients","authors":"Zehua Shu ,&nbsp;Yang Lv ,&nbsp;Mimi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Siming Fu ,&nbsp;Gaolei Liu ,&nbsp;Weihua Lan ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aims to summarize the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and treatment outcomes of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion-associated renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC), a rare and distinct subtype of kidney cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted on 18 patients diagnosed with Xp11.2 tRCC. Clinical presentations, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and follow-up data were systematically analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 18 patients, 10 had tumors in the left kidney and 8 in the right. Tumor sizes on CT ranged from 2.5 to 12.5 cm. Plain CT scan showed that 8 cases of tumors were round, 6 cases were mass-like, and 4 cases had irregular shapes. Fifteen tumors presented as solid masses, while 3 were cystic. On T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), 8 tumors showed iso- or slightly hypointense signals, and 10 were hyperintense. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) revealed heterogeneous signal intensity in 12 tumors, while 3 appeared hypointense. Surgical resection was the primary treatment: 8 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and 9 underwent partial nephrectomy. One patient with metastatic disease at diagnosis received targeted therapy. Seventeen patients were followed up (median: 35 months); one was lost to follow-up. During the follow-up period, two patients developed metastatic disease. One experienced metastases to the liver and lumbar vertebrae, while the other presented with widespread systemic metastases. Both patients were referred to the oncology department of our institution for specialized treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Xp11.2 tRCC is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. The imaging findings associated with this condition possess distinct characteristics that can enhance the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cisplatin potentiates PD-L1 expression more robustly than pemetrexed in malignant pleural mesothelioma: Temporal dynamics revealed by cellular and xenograft analyses","authors":"Zhenghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Gao ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yubin Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Tuo ,&nbsp;Liangping Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Tang ,&nbsp;Shasha Shen ,&nbsp;Yang Tian ,&nbsp;Dan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chemotherapy may modulate PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), influencing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. We compared cisplatin (CDDP) and pemetrexed (PEM) on PD-L1 dynamics in MPM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>H226 (epithelial) and MSTO-211H (biphasic) cells were treated with CDDP/PEM for 12–48 h, with apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry and PD-L1 by Western blot. Xenograft models (CDDP/PEM-treated mice) assessed tumor growth and PD-L1 via immunohistochemistry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both drugs inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis (CDDP &gt; PEM, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Baseline PD-L1 was higher in MSTO-211H vs. H226 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Chemotherapy upregulated PD-L1, peaking at 48 h (CDDP &gt; PEM, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In xenografts, MSTO-211H tumors showed faster growth and higher PD-L1 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), further amplified by CDDP during progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CDDP robustly potentiates PD-L1 in MPM, especially in biphasic subtypes. Temporal PD-L1 dynamics suggest chemotherapy-ICI synergy may depend on drug selection and treatment timing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatin architecture protein HMGA2 promotes glioma malignancy via novel mechanism of IGFBP3 transcription inhibition","authors":"Zenghua Liang ,&nbsp;Lu Qiao ,&nbsp;Pengyi Ma ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhang ,&nbsp;Cuiyun Sun ,&nbsp;Wenjun Luo ,&nbsp;Lin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glioma, the most prevalent primary brain tumor, is characterized by rapid proliferation, invasive growth patterns, and poor clinical outcomes. This study investigates the expression and clinical significance of chromatin architecture protein high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in glioma, aiming to identify potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The expression of HMGA2 in different grades glioma samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The functions of HMGA2 in glioma cells were identified by migration, invasion, proliferation and orthotopic tumor transplantation assays. The downstream genes of HMGA2 were screened by RNA-Seq. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromosome conformation capture assay (3 C) were used to analyze the downstream mechanism of HMGA2 in glioma cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We demonstrated a positive correlation between HMGA2 expression levels and glioma malignancy grade through IHC analysis. Multivariate COX regression analysis further established HMGA2 as an independent prognostic factor in glioma. Our functional studies revealed that HMGA2 significantly enhances the migration, invasion, and proliferation capabilities of glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Mechanistically, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) as a novel downstream target of HMGA2. HMGA2 mediates transcriptional repression of IGFBP3 through disruption of promoter-enhancer interactions, leading to subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promotion of malignant phenotypes in GBM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We confirmed a novel chromatin conformation-mediated transcriptional repression mechanism of HMGA2. By regulating IGFBP3 expression and modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, HMGA2 emerges as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for glioma patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 156051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gleason score down and upgrading at radical prostatectomy in targeted vs. systematic prostate biopsy: Findings from an institutional cohort","authors":"Vincenzo Fiorentino ,&nbsp;Ludovica Pepe ,&nbsp;Valeria Zuccalà ,&nbsp;Cristina Pizzimenti ,&nbsp;Antonio Ieni ,&nbsp;Maurizio Martini ,&nbsp;Mara Curduman ,&nbsp;Pietro Pepe","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate Gleason score (GS)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (GG) assessment in prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial for risk stratification and treatment. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and targeted biopsies (TPBx) have enhanced PCa detection, but their accuracy compared to systematic biopsies (SPBx) is under discussion. This study investigates GS/GG concordance between prostate biopsies (TPBx and SPBx) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens, evaluating rates and factors associated with GS/GG upgrading and downgrading.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 100 patients with PI-RADS score <u>&gt;</u> 3 lesions</div><div>who underwent SPBx, with or without TPBx, followed by RP for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>csPCa diagnosis was made by SPBx alone in 9/100 (9 %) cases, TPBx alone in 1/100 (1 %), and TPBx combined with SPBx in 90/100 (90 %). In the TPBx group, 76/90 (84.4 %) patients presented concordant GS/GG between biopsy and RP, while 14/90 (15.6 %) showed lower GS/GG at RP. In the SPBx group, 88/90 (97.8 %) presented concordant GS/GG, while 2/90 (2.2 %) showed higher GS at RP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights potential downgrading risk associated with TPBx alone, particularly in patients with initial GS of 4 + 4/GG4. While this has minimal implications for high-risk PCa, it raises concerns about potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment in men eligible for active surveillance (AS) who may be downgraded from intermediate-risk to low-risk or favourable intermediate-risk categories. This underscores the importance of using both TPBx and SPBx for PCa diagnosis and risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of melanin bleaching in different steps of immunohistochemistry on an automated platform","authors":"Chih-Ching Yeh ,&nbsp;Yi-Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jang-Shian Liang ,&nbsp;Jia-Bin Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanin is a granular brown-black pigment unevenly distributed in tissues. Severe melanin deposition can obscure cellular morphological features and tissue structures, hindering the evaluation of melanocytic lesion. This condition is particularly prone to interfering with the evaluation of immunohistochemistry (IHC), thereby affecting diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, melanin bleaching techniques have become a crucial step, enabling pathologists to better examine melanin-rich tissue specimens. In this study, we utilized low-concentration 1 % hydrogen peroxide for melanin bleaching and integrated the bleaching process into IHC on the same platform to establish a continuous workflow. We compared melanin bleaching in different steps to see the effect of bleaching on IHC. Three different bleaching protocols were designed: bleaching (i) before antigen retrieval, (ii) after antigen retrieval, and (iii) after IHC staining. The effects of melanin bleaching on tissue morphology preservation and IHC quality in heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions were evaluated. The results showed that melanin bleaching before antigen retrieval ensured accurate localization of expression of HMB45, Melan A, and SOX10. This method showed no background staining, preserved tissue morphology without detachment, and maintained antigen immunogenicity. The pre-retrieval bleaching protocol allowed for clearer IHC staining result and can be applied on automated platform and routine staining workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 156047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From histopathology to clinical success: Johnsen score as predictors in micro-TESE outcomes of idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia","authors":"Shengjia Shi ,&nbsp;Yang Lv ,&nbsp;Jianhua Sun ,&nbsp;Tianwei Wang ,&nbsp;Mingjuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The purpose of our study was to explore the influence of Johnsen score on the sperm retrieval outcome (SRO) in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA) patients treated with micro-TESE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected and analyzed from a single reproductive center using a retrospective cohort study design, involving 265 male patients with iNOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) between January 2017 and December 2024. The associations between SRO and Johnsen score were investigated through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, supplemented with stratified subgroup assessments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the predictive performance of the Johnsen score-based model for successful SRO probability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 265 iNOA patients undergoing micro-TESE, successful SRO were achieved in 108 cases (40.75 %), while 157 patients (59.25 %) showed negative surgical outcomes. Multivariate logistic analyses showed iNOA patients with higher Johnsen scores of testicular tissues obtained during micro-TESE were more likely to have successful SRO, this trend did not change after stratifying by age, body mass index (BMI), testis volume (TV), and testosterone (T). FSH and LH stratification revealed differential predictive capacity: significant association in FSH &lt; 22.29 or LH&lt; 8.55 IU/L subgroups versus null effect in FSH≥ 22.29 or LH≥ 8.55 IU/L cohorts. The predictive performance evaluation demonstrated that the Johnsen score-based nomogram achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69 in per-patient analysis, with corresponding sensitivity and specificity values of 56.9 % and 74.9 %, respectively. Decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical superiority of this composite model, showing significantly greater net benefit across threshold probability ranges (30–85 %) compared to isolated Johnsen score assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While Johnsen scoring provides a quantitative histopathological assessment of testicular spermatogenic function and demonstrates significant association with sperm retrieval outcomes (SRO), its standalone predictive capacity for micro-TESE success in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA) patients remains suboptimal, necessitating integration with clinical parameters to establish a robust prognostic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 156043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The activation of the NF-κB p65/PD-L1 signaling pathway in AIDS-related PCNSL is related to TNF-α and IFN-γ but not to MYD88 and CD79B mutations","authors":"Man Li ,&nbsp;Xinghuan Ding ,&nbsp;Bo Liang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Chen ,&nbsp;Xingang Zhou ,&nbsp;Enshan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL) differs from immunocompetent PCNSL (IC-PCNSL) due to its immune function and higher mortality rates, emphasizing the urgent need for new treatment targets. This study aimed to investigate the role of the NF-κB p65/PD-L1 signaling pathway in AR-PCNSL. A total of 56 PCNSL tissue samples, including 32 AR-PCNSL cases and 24 IC-PCNSL cases, were analyzed for clinicopathological and imaging features. Histopathological examination was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and Epstein-Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization. Differentially expressed molecules (DEMs) were identified via bulk RNA-Seq analysis, while functional pathways were explored through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. <em>MYD88</em> L265P and <em>CD79B</em> mutations were detected using sanger sequencing. Additionally, RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in frozen tissues, while western blotting assessed the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and PD-L1 in cell lines. Compared with IC-PCNSL tissues, AR-PCNSL tissues demonstrated significantly more necrosis (p = 0.001). Imaging analysis showed that AR-PCNSLs had lower ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, ADC) values (p = 0.000) and more frequent annular enhancement signals (p = 0.007) on DWI (diffusion weighted imaging, DWI). The PD-L1 and EBER positivity rates were higher in AR-PCNSL patients. Co-occurring mutations in <em>MYD88</em> L265P and <em>CD79B</em> were rare in AR-PCNSL, and were found in only 6.7 % (1/15) of samples, while these mutations appeared in 60.0 % (9/15) of the IC-PCNSL patients (p = 0.005). The RNA levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly higher in AR-PCNSL patients than in IC-PCNSL patients (p = 0.001). Western blot analysis after TNF-α and IFN-γ treatment revealed increased expression of p-P65 protein and PD-L1. This study provides new evidence indicating that TNF-α and IFN-γ mediated activation of the NF-κB p65/PD-L1 signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of AR-PCNSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 156050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear receptors in cancer: Unveiling theranostic potentials and innovative therapeutic strategies","authors":"Tarik Aanniz ,&nbsp;Saad Bakrim ,&nbsp;Mohammed Amanullah ,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Bouyahya","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear receptors (NRs) include a family of 48 transcription factors (TFs) that regulate gene expression implicated in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and immune response. Cancer development has been widely linked to the dysregulation of NRs and their signaling pathways, providing promising targets for therapeutic applications. Recent progress in OMIC approaches and high-throughput drug screening has facilitated the emergence of biomolecules, especially phytochemicals, as potential substitutes for synthetic anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to highlight the anticancer potency of diverse classes of biocompounds that target NRs, including phytocompounds, dietary components, venom constituents, microbial metabolites, as well as many small molecules generated from computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches in the design of innovative and safe treatments. We examine critically the preclinical and clinical trials investigating these candidates for preventing and treating cancer, focusing on their modes of action, their proven efficacy, and their limitations. In addition, we underline significant molecular processes modulated by these natural compounds, highlighting their ability to surmount drug resistance and minimize the toxic effects of standard treatments. Overall, we believe this work has the potential to pave the way for new paradigms in identifying innovative therapeutic options for NR-mediated management of specific types of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 156044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative implications of botulinum toxin in head and neck cancer: Exploring novel opportunities and future prospects","authors":"Mina Alimohammadi ,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi ,&nbsp;Reza Mirnejad ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mana Alavioun ,&nbsp;Amir Vaghari ,&nbsp;Najma Farahani ,&nbsp;Amirhosein Abbasi ,&nbsp;Kiavash Hushmandi ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prp.2025.156037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a significant global health challenge, with over 660,000 annual diagnoses and a mortality rate exceeding 49 %, making it the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Current standard treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, often result in significant side effects, underscoring the need for innovative and personalized therapeutic approaches. In recent years, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has emerged as a transformative adjunctive therapy in HNC management. Initially recognized for its neuromuscular blocking properties, BoNT has expanded its applications to alleviate complications such as sialorrhea, gustatory sweating, and neuropathic pain associated with HNC treatment. Beyond symptomatic relief, emerging evidence suggests that BoNT may influence tumor biology by modulating the tumor microenvironment, disrupting nerve-cancer interactions, and altering key molecular pathways to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. This article explores BoNT's achievements and therapeutic potential in treating HNC, examining its molecular mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and implications for future research. By elucidating BoNT's role in symptom management and its potential as an anti-tumor agent, this review highlights a promising avenue for advancing personalized medicine and improving outcomes for HNC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 156037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}