Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Therapy: Microenvironment-Driven Strategies, Advances, and Challenges.","authors":"Mengxin Ban, Sifang Zhao, Ziyu Liu, Lingling Zhao","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a major global health challenge, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy for targeted cancer therapy. However, clinical translation is still limited by an incomplete understanding of how nanoparticles navigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) throughout the delivery process. This review presents an integrated, stage-by-stage framework for nanoparticle design that addresses the TME barriers encountered during systemic circulation, tumor-targeted enrichment, and drug release. During systemic circulation, PEGylation, hydrophilic polymer modification, cell membrane- or exosome-based biomimetic technologies, and biomolecular corona formation are employed to prolong circulation half-life. In the tumor-targeting stage, charge-reversal surfaces, ligand conjugation, ligand shielding, and tuning of physical properties enhance tumor accumulation and cellular internalization. For drug release, molecular and structural design enables intracellular responsive release, stepwise extracellular-to-intracellular release, and sequential release to distinct target cells. Beyond summarizing these strategies, we highlight the newly proposed active transport and retention (ATR) principle as a unifying mechanistic framework that explains how nanoparticles achieve tumor accumulation through active endothelial transport and retention via tumor component interactions. We further discuss translational barriers including complex fabrication, scalability hurdles, and biocompatibility constraints, and outline emerging solutions such as novel nanoparticle fabrication methods (microfluidics, turbulent jet, and microfluidic mixing), engineered biomimetic exosomes, organ-on-a-chip evaluation platforms, and AI-driven design screening. By connecting stage-specific design strategies to the ATR framework, this review offers a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Needle: Transforming Traditional Healthcare with Microneedle Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Arjun Gokulan Manivannan, Narayanan Jayasankar, Vivekanand Ankush Kashid, Ravish J Patel, Bhupendra G Prajapati","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present era, modern drug delivery systems play a fundamental role in ensuring the systematic delivery of the drug into the body, reaching the desired targets. Across recent decades, the drug delivery system has evolved from simple oral and injectable formulations to interpolating with various developed techniques to fabricate innovative treatment approaches for safer, effective, and better patient compliance. Progressive techniques like nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, polymer-based systems, 3D printing, and biological carriers have been extensively combined with specifically targeted drug-delivery techniques across infectious, oncological, pulmonary, and neurological conditions. Microneedle transdermal patches have advanced in tandem. They have gained attention for their advancement to surpass the stratum corneum, minimal invasiveness, independent delivery, and patient compliance. This review provides a translational perspective by integrating MN materials and device engineering with drug-delivery performance, patient usability, clinical evidence, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory considerations to examine the progression of MN technologies from laboratory development toward real-world healthcare implementation. Microneedles are fabricated in different types, such as solid, coated, hollow, dissolving, and hydrogel-based, to enhance precision in dosing, better permeability, and suitability across diverse populations, and complex molecules are designed, such as proteins, peptides, hormones, vaccines, and cosmetic agents. Moreover, studies suggest MN are widely accepted by geriatric and pediatric groups, reduce anxiety, and significantly benefit individuals with trypanophobia, swallowing difficulties in the case of oral doses, and compromised venous action, in addition to breaking social inequity. MN-induced microchannels can transiently increase skin permeability and may facilitate sustained or controlled drug delivery depending on MN geometry, formulation, application conditions, skin site, and individual skin characteristics. The persistence of these microchannels and their safety profile are dependent on both device and formulation characteristics. MN is a pivotal part of the novel drug delivery system, addresses the complications arising due to conventional drug delivery, and proves to focus on the improvement of pharmacokinetic parameters, patient-centric therapy, target delivery, and real-world accessibility. Further transformation in the enhancement of MN technology can lead to clinically promising drug delivery systems for the management of long-term treatment and boost next-generation therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Shikonin-Loaded NLC with Enhanced Photostability in Hydrogel-Based Dermal Patch.","authors":"Kittithat Rueangpraphai, Kanokwan Kiattisin, Taepin Junmahasathien","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Shikonin is a bioactive compound with promising pharmaceutical potential, particularly for anti-inflammation and ability to inhibit proliferative scar formation. However, its applications are limited by poor photostability. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and optimize shikonin-loaded NLC to improve the photostability of shikonin. The optimized NLC formulation was subsequently incorporated into a hydrogel matrix to fabricate a dermal patch, providing a potential alternative for topical scar treatment and self-care application. <b>Methods:</b> Shikonin-loaded NLCs were developed, optimized, and evaluated for physicochemical properties, entrapment efficiency, photostability, and in vitro release. The optimized NLC was incorporated into a hyaluronic acid-carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel matrix to fabricate and evaluate an NLC-based dermal patch. <b>Results:</b> The optimized shikonin-loaded NLC exhibited a particle size of 104.94 nm with a narrow polydispersity index of 0.15, and a zeta potential of -34.34 ± 0.02 mV. The NLC achieved high entrapment efficiency (>90%). The NLC significantly enhanced the photostability of shikonin, by increasing the percentage of shikonin remaining after light exposure from 37.36 to 64.55% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the cumulative shikonin release over 12 h was 15.61 ± 4.18%, following Korsmeyer-Peppas model. A combination of hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose (1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) was employed as the biopolymer for the hydrogel dermal patch. The shikonin-loaded NLC-based dermal patch exhibited favorable physicochemical characteristics. <b>Conclusions:</b> The NLC demonstrated enhanced photostability and release properties, which are preserved upon their integration into the hydrogel. The incorporation of shikonin-loaded NLC into a hydrogel matrix provides a viable strategy for stabilizing this light-sensitive bioactive compound. Consequently, this NLC-loaded hydrogel system represents a promising platform for future topical dermal delivery in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Analysis of Microbiome and Serum Metabolomics to Understand How <i>Rauvolfia vomitoria</i> Alkaloids Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Growth.","authors":"Yanli Zhang, Zhifan Wang, Weiliang Cui, Jianfeng Wang, Shuqi Wang","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Rauvolfia vomitoria</i> alkaloids (RVA) exhibited excellent activity against colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in the heterotopic model. However, their antitumor effects in the orthotopic models, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to gut microbiota and serum metabolomics, remain poorly understood. <b>Methods</b>: We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics analysis in orthotopic CRC-bearing mice following different treatments. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen key gut microbes and metabolites associated with RVA treatments. KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted to identify the metabolic pathways modulated by RVAs in vivo. <b>Results</b>: RVA, either alone or in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on CRC growth, comparable to intraperitoneally administered 5-FU. In terms of body weight and organ indices, RVA showed lower toxicity compared to 5-FU. Both treatments induced measurable shifts in the gut microbial profiles of CRC mice. Increased abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> and decreased abundance of <i>Enterococcus</i> were found to be associated with RVA monotherapy. The enrichment of <i>Acinetobacter</i> and <i>Mucispirillum</i> in CRC mice was suppressed by the combination treatment. A serum metabolomics study revealed that linoleic acid metabolism and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids were modulated by both RVA-containing regimens. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings demonstrate that oral administration of RVA, either alone or combined with current clinical therapeutic methods, may represent a promising strategy for CRC treatment. Targeted modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism may provide promising approaches to hinder CRC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting of Protein Persulfidation in Aging and Age-Related Disorders.","authors":"Martín Hugo, Javier Garcia-Pardo","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with a progressive loss of proteostasis and increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Among the molecular mechanisms implicated in these processes, protein persulfidation, a hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-mediated cysteine modification, has emerged as a critical regulator of protein function and redox homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrate that aging is accompanied by a decline in persulfidation and a concomitant increase in irreversible cysteine hyperoxidation, leading to protein dysfunction and aggregation. Beyond its established role in protecting proteins from oxidative damage, persulfidation has recently been shown to regulate biomolecular condensation and liquid-liquid phase separation, suppressing the formation of pathological protein assemblies linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, pharmacological approaches that enhance persulfidation, including stimulation of endogenous H₂S production and treatment with ergothioneine, improve metabolic resilience, increase NAD⁺ levels, and promote healthspan in experimental models. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence linking loss of persulfidation to protein aggregation, biomolecular condensates, and age-related functional decline, and highlight therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring persulfidation as a promising avenue for healthy aging and disease intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Complement-Targeting Therapies for Geographic Atrophy: Insights into Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Gene-Based Approaches.","authors":"Paula Fernández-Muro, Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez, María Ángeles Solinís, Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), causes irreversible central vision loss and has limited treatment options. Complement dysregulation plays a pivotal role in GA pathogenesis. This systematic review synthesizes the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of approved and investigational complement-targeting therapies, alongside emerging drug delivery systems and gene-based approaches. <b>Methods:</b> Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched and studies screened against predefined eligibility criteria. Risk of bias and pharmacokinetic quality were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ClinPK Statement checklist, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-one studies evaluating C3, C5, factor D, and factor B inhibitors; recombinant factor H; soluble CD59 gene therapy; and an indirect anti-amyloid-β strategy were analyzed. Only two agents are FDA-approved: pegcetacoplan (C3 inhibitor) and avacincaptad pegol (C5 inhibitor). They both significantly, albeit modestly, slowed GA lesion growth. However, both increased the risk of exudative AMD conversion and required frequent intravitreal injections. Other complement targets showed limited efficacy or failed to meet clinical endpoints. Pharmacokinetic data, largely derived from serum measurements and model-based predictions, suggest that intravitreal half-life and injection volume dose limitations may complicate the translational development of complement inhibitors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Current evidence indicates a modest, agent-, dose-, and regimen-dependent slowing of GA anatomical progression. Clinically meaningful visual function benefit has not been firmly established, although post hoc analyses suggest possible benefits for photoreceptor structure and vision-related risk. Gene therapy and advanced intraocular delivery systems have emerged as potential strategies, but further research must determine whether they can provide sustained, multitarget, patient-centered treatment with acceptable ocular and systemic safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability Is the Key in Sublingual and Buccal Drug Delivery.","authors":"Rand Musa Obaid Alfawaz, Hassan Almoazen","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sublingual and buccal drug delivery has evolved from a route reserved for a handful of cardiovascular and analgesic agents into an actively investigated non-invasive delivery platform within pharmaceutical sciences [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Precision Dosing to Acceptability: Customized Pharmaceutics and Innovations for Diverse Populations.","authors":"Marina Delanni Vitória Guedes, Renata Vidor Contri, Irene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, pharmaceutical research and manufacturing have been predominantly driven by a \"one-size-fits-all\" paradigm, leading to a significant therapeutic gap for diverse patient demographics [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxaprozin-Based Amide Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Comprehensive Biological Profiling.","authors":"Anđela Gogić, Miloš Nikolić, Nikola Nedeljković, Marina Vesović, Ana Živanović, Vladimir Dobričić, Jelena Bošković, Isidora Kostić, Jovana Z Marinković, Milena Jurišević, Nevena Gajović, Bojana Simović Marković, Nebojša Zdravković, Ivan Jovanović","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Inflammation plays a role at multiple levels, contributing to tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, cell survival, and metastasis. The established link between chronic inflammation and tumor development has shifted the therapeutic focus toward nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which exert their effects primarily through cyclooxygenase inhibition. <b>Methods:</b> In the present study, the antitumor potential of novel synthesized oxaprozin derivatives was evaluated using the MTT assay. The immunomodulatory effects of the selected derivative were determined in vitro by measuring cytokine concentrations and performing flow cytometry. To investigate the inhibitory capacity of these derivatives against cyclooxygenase enzymes, an in vitro inhibition assay was conducted using fluorometric screening kits, followed by in silico validation. <b>Results</b>: All tested tumor cell lines exhibited sensitivity to compound <b>1</b>, which demonstrated the lowest cytotoxic effect against non-cancerous mMSCs and MRC-5 cells. This compound can effectively target tumor cells, inducing potent apoptosis in 4T1 breast cancer cells through a strategic shift in the Bax/Bcl-2 balance and the downregulation of the oncogenic driver Bcl-6. Although the synthesized oxaprozin derivatives showed moderate affinity for COX-1, none of the newly synthesized compounds achieved more than 50% inhibition against COX-2 at a concentration of 100 μM. Consistently, in silico procedures validated the results of the in vitro COX inhibition assay. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings of this study indicate that compound <b>1</b> has the ability to modulate immune responses under stimulated conditions, and its potent antitumor activity may not be directly related to cyclooxygenase inhibition, suggesting the involvement of COX-independent pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Transepithelial Transport of IgG Formulated with Excipients: A Case Study on What to Consider Regarding Impact on Epithelial Barrier Integrity, IgG Quality and Matrix Effects During the Analytics.","authors":"Rebecca Rittersberger, Gabriel Koslowski, Iman Shrimo, Katharina Schindowski","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics18101262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18101262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Surface-active excipients such as polysorbate 20 (PS20), polysorbate 80 (PS80), poloxamer 188 (Px188), and cyclodextrin (CD) are widely used to stabilize IgG formulations, including aerosols. However, their effects on transepithelial IgG transport and the reliability of associated analytical readouts remain poorly understood. <b>Methods</b>: Transepithelial transport of Bevacizumab was quantified across a primary airway epithelial model in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of PS20, PS80, Px188, or CD using ELISA. Potential methodological bias was assessed by cytotoxicity and barrier integrity (Alamar Blue, LDH, TEER), IgG monomer content (SE-HPLC), micelle formation and excipient passage, and ELISA matrix effects using excipient-containing calibration curves. <b>Results</b>: Only CD at 10 mg/mL significantly increased IgG transport, whereas PS20, PS80, and Px188 had no significant effect. All excipients were non-toxic, with TEER being the most sensitive indicator. IgG monomer content remained unchanged under all conditions. Micelle-forming activity of PS20, PS80, and CD was retained, but only CD (10 mg/mL) crossed the epithelial barrier (11% of the initial concentration). Excipients caused concentration-dependent ELISA matrix effects; however, matrix-adjusted quantification showed only a modest, non-significant change in calculated IgG transport for CD. <b>Conclusions</b>: Excipients can influence in vitro IgG transport studies through biological and analytical mechanisms. Under the tested conditions, the increased IgG transport observed with CD appears to be genuine rather than assay-related, highlighting the importance of controlling excipient-related effects in mucosal IgG transport studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}