Performance enhancement and health最新文献

{"title":"Western bias in anti-doping studies: a call for broader methodologies and representation","authors":"Lovely Dasgupta","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of gym users towards the use of dietary supplements–A systematic review","authors":"Sthefano Ventura Hernandez ,&nbsp;Luhana Ahadia ,&nbsp;Ali Ali Redha ,&nbsp;Reza Zare ,&nbsp;Asli Devrim-Lanpir ,&nbsp;Alan A. Aragon","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are taken alongside the usual diet and utilized to attain a particular health result or enhance exercise performance. DS are increasingly popular among the general population, including gym users without sufficient knowledge. This systematic review aims to understand the sources of knowledge, reasons for supplement usage, and practices of DS usage among gym users. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify the cross-sectional survey-based studies, published between 2013 and 2023, related to knowledge, attitudes, and practice of DS use among gym users. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this review. These studies were conducted in: Africa (<em>n</em> = 3), Asia (<em>n</em> = 6), Europe (<em>n</em> = 6), and South America (<em>n</em> = 1). Participants in the included studies were gym users (<em>n</em> = 9202) with the total supplement users being (<em>n</em> = 5370). Results showed that there is a high prevalence of supplement usage among gym users, the internet and media were the most used sources of information, healthcare improvement is the most reported reason for supplement usage, and protein supplements are the most used type of supplements. These findings suggest that there should be more attention to sources of information on the use of dietary supplements with the finding of a high prevalence of dietary supplement usage accompanied by the prevalent use of non-trustworthy sources of information, such as the internet, media and non-healthcare professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal relationships between emotional processes and perceived performances among athletes: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence","authors":"Guillaume Levillain ,&nbsp;Guillaume Martinent ,&nbsp;Yohan Saby ,&nbsp;Michel Nicolas","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Based on emotional intelligence (EI) theory and cognitive motivational relational theory of emotions, this study aimed to explore longitudinal relationships between the core constructs of the emotional process (appraisals, coping and emotions) and perceived performances during competition and to examine the moderating role of EI on these relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 453 athletes (<em>Mage</em>= 20.6; 117 females and 336 males) from different sports and different competitive levels participated in the study. Appraisals, coping, emotions, and perceived performances were assessed after five competitions across the season and EI was assessed at the beginning of the competitive season. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted to: (a) Evaluate the mediational role of coping strategies on the appraisals – emotions relationships and on the appraisals – perceived performances relationships; (b) explore the mediational role of emotions on the appraisals – perceived performances relationships; and (c) test the moderating role of EI on these relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that: (a) coping played a mediational role on the appraisals-emotions relationships; (b) emotions mediated the appraisals-perceived performances relationships; and (c) EI moderated the aforementioned relationships between the core constructs of emotional process and perceived performances.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As a whole, this study furthered knowledge about the ways the core emotional constructs are interrelated and impact perceived performances within competitive settings. Through coping strategies and cognitive appraisals, EI was associated with higher intensity of pleasant emotions and perceived performances. As an applied implication, we encourage sport psychologists and coaches to provide training programs aimed at enhancing EI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plastic person: A response to Fry","authors":"Gregg Twietmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What makes a good coach? How should insights garnered in neuroscience affect coaching, if at all? Does the neuroethics of coaching have purchase? In a book chapter for Robert Simon's anthology “The Ethics of Coaching Sports”, Jeff Fry (2013) argues that, “we stand at the threshold of another scientific revolution” (p. 151). This new revolution is born of our ever-growing understanding of the human brain. According to Fry, it is clear, to those with eyes to see, or should I say those with neurons that fire, that neuroscience deeply impacts our daily lives, including the world of sport. In this paper I take issue with Fry's assertions. In fact, <em>there is no reason to posit that the brain is the person</em>. Brains are a part of the person not the whole person. Changes in the brain always occur in the context of a <em>human life</em>. These changes are personal not merely cerebral. As such, coaches need to be experts in people, not brains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of family physicians and people who use anabolic steroids: Barriers to accessing evidence-based care","authors":"Jason Kreutz ,&nbsp;Michael Potemkin ,&nbsp;Harshil Shah ,&nbsp;David Lam ,&nbsp;Parth Patel ,&nbsp;Patricia K. Doyle-Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use poses numerous short and long-term health concerns. Literature has explored the interaction between AAS users and family physicians (FPs); however, there remains a paucity of studies exploring this in the context of the Canadian healthcare system. Further, discussions regarding anabolic steroids online have evolved in recent years with the rise of new social media platforms and information sources, warranting further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were recruited through both purposive (professional networks, social media) and snowball sampling (in-person at the gym). Thirteen semi-structured interviews (seven AAS users and six FPs) were digitally conducted and inductively analyzed using thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four key themes emerged from the anabolic steroid user interviews: 1) AAS Culture Influences Community Connections, Self-Perceptions, and Welcomes New Members 2) Social Media's Evolving Influence on AAS Use Patterns, Culture, and Misinformation 3) Alternative Sources of AAS Information are Typically Consulted Instead of FPs, and 4) The Stigma of AAS Use Disclosure with FPs. Additionally, a fear of legal consequences served as a barrier to users accessing primary care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A lack of dedicated resources and specialized medical training on anabolic steroid use currently exists. Both AAS users and FPs agreed that social media has become increasingly influential in the culture surrounding anabolic steroid use. Misinformation was observed regarding anabolic steroid use and this has become a considerable barrier exacerbated by mistrust of healthcare professionals. AAS users continue to feel stigmatized by the healthcare system, perpetuating the siloed nature of this community. Future physician training should focus on trust building and education through a harm-reduction lens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athletes from Great Britain report greater doping likelihood than Greek and Italian athletes: A cross-sectional survey of over 4,000 athletes","authors":"Philip Hurst ,&nbsp;Maria Kavussanu ,&nbsp;Mariya Yukhymenko-Lescroart ,&nbsp;Vassilis Barkoukis ,&nbsp;Fabio Lucidi ,&nbsp;Enrico Rubaltelli ,&nbsp;Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis ,&nbsp;Christopher Ring","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past twenty years, a large body of research has examined who is more likely to dope as a function of participant variables, such as gender, sport type, and competition level. However, this research is limited as studies are often conducted on modest sample sizes from one country. To overcome this issue, we recruited a large sample of athletes across three countries to examine differences in doping likelihood as a function of participant variables. Athletes (<em>N</em> = 4,644) were recruited from Great Britain (<em>n</em> = 2,505), Greece (<em>n</em> = 1,044), and Italy (<em>n</em> = 1,095) and asked to complete an anonymous measure of doping likelihood. Results indicated that doping likelihood scores were greater in men than women, for athletes competing in non-Olympic sports (e.g., American football, kickboxing, netball) than Olympic sports (e.g., Athletics, basketball, football) and in British athletes than both Greek and Italian athletes. We found an interaction between country and competitive level. Specifically, in Great Britain, higher competitive level athletes reported greater doping likelihood than lower competitive level athletes, which was not found for Greek and Italian athletes. Our results highlight that athletes report greater doping likelihood for those that are 1) from Great Britain, 2) men, and 3) participating in non-Olympic sports. We also show that differences in doping likelihood between competition levels may differ depending on country of residence<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a sports integrity course for university students","authors":"G. Daroglou ,&nbsp;L. Skoufa ,&nbsp;V. Barkoukis ,&nbsp;A. Loukovitis","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The need to combat sport corruption is increasingly growing. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a university course aiming to increase knowledge regarding key sport integrity issues in pre-service coaches, covering sport integrity issues such as match-fixing, doping and whistleblowing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 39 pre-service coaches who underwent a 13-session course involving issues like corruption, good governance, doping, match-fixing, and whistleblowing. The course comprised of interactive lectures combined with practical activities. For the assessment of the courses’ effectiveness participants completed questionnaires pre- and post-course and underwent interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-course, coaches exhibited significant improvement in understanding ethics and integrity in sports, especially in corruption and mechanisms for upholding clean sports. In addition, there was an increase in their readiness to address sport irregularities. Nevertheless, there was no observed significant change in attitudes towards the course. There was a positive evaluation for the user-friendliness of the course, and qualitative feedback supported its impact on enhancing knowledge and commitment to sports integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of the study underline the potential of a university course in promoting sport integrity among pre-service coaches. In addition, they suggest the need for more interactive and sport-specific approaches in future endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further considerations and questions regarding the enhanced games","authors":"Andrew Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk, harm, and the enhanced games: Whose job is harm reduction?","authors":"April Henning","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enhanced Games (TEG) have drawn interest from sports organizations, athletes, media, fans, and academics since they were first announced as a possibility. TEG not only presents a shift in how enhancement is approached, but it also turns the entire logic of anti-doping on its head and adopts an approach intended to support enhanced athletes and reduce the risks they may otherwise face in sport. This change was why here I will both concur with Andrew Richardson's general view on harm reduction and challenge some of the points around risk, harm, and responsibility. Specifically, I argue that many of the risks posed to athletes result from anti-doping itself and that by shining a light on enhanced performance TEG are already doing more to reduce those harms than other sport interventions in recent decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of anabolic steroid users and non-users towards general practitioners in the United Kingdom","authors":"Andrew Richardson ,&nbsp;Joseph Kean ,&nbsp;Laura Fleming ,&nbsp;James I. Hudson ,&nbsp;Gen Kanayama ,&nbsp;Harrison G. Pope Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research from past decades has suggested that anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users are often sceptical of their physicians’ level of knowledge regarding AAS. We questioned whether contemporary British AAS users and non-AAS-using weightlifters would display similar distrust of their general practitioners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We distributed anonymous questionnaires to 61 AAS-using and 106 non-AAS-using male British weightlifters at gymnasiums and via online social media sites. Respondents rated their general practitioners’ knowledge regarding health- and drug-related topics, using 10-point Likert scales from 0 (worst) to 10 (best). AAS users also rated their degree of trust in various sources of information about AAS, using similar scales, and were asked whether they had disclosed their AAS use to various categories of individuals. We then compared our findings with the results from a 2004 American study that had used virtually identical methodology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both AAS-using and non-using weightlifters rated their general practitioners favourably on knowledge of general health and disease, cigarette smoking, and alcohol, with mean scores ranging from 6.8 to 8.7. However, respondents scored their general practitioners significantly lower on knowledge of AAS, with mean ratings of 4.3 to 4.9 from AAS non-users and only 2.4 to 2.9 from users. Among various sources of information about AAS, users trusted their doctors significantly less than “underground” guides or Internet sites. Only 22 (36 %) of the AAS users had ever disclosed their use of these drugs to any physician. These findings closely resembled those of the earlier American study, with contemporary British men reporting even greater mistrust of their physicians on weightlifting- and AAS-related topics than their American counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite increasing AAS use worldwide and mounting evidence of the long-term dangers of these drugs, contemporary British weightlifters in general and AAS users in particular appear to remain distrustful of their physicians’ knowledge of fitness sports, performance-enhancing supplements, and especially AAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}