Performance enhancement and health最新文献

{"title":"The state of play: A critical look at the current state of diversity in sport – centering equity and belonging for women in sport","authors":"Hannah Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirror reflections and energy deficits: Exploring the role of body image as a predictor of relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs)","authors":"Josh Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body image is a powerful psychological construct, shaping how athletes perceive, engage, and endure within their sport. Yet, its critical role in the etiology and perpetuation of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) remains underestimated. Although diagnostic frameworks such as the REDs Clinical Assessment Tool (REDs CAT) identify key behavioural and physiological indicators, body image disturbances, despite their associations with disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and psychological distress, are not explicitly emphasized.</div><div>This review examines the intricate nexus between body image and REDs, elucidating its role as a catalyst for maladaptive behaviours and a harbinger of physiological and psychological decline. Athletes, particularly those in lean-body and aesthetic sports, face disproportionate vulnerability, as the cultural valorisation of performance and appearance converges with internalised body dissatisfaction to exacerbate energy deficits and psychological distress. Despite mounting evidence, body image remains a peripheral concern in REDs screening and intervention.</div><div>We advocate for an expanded research agenda that positions body image not as a diagnostic criterion, but as a potentially important upstream factor in REDs risk. Longitudinal, theory-driven studies are needed to clarify its role in both the development and resolution of REDs, and to inform more holistic screening and intervention strategies. Recognizing body image as both a possible contributor to and consequence of REDs may support more tailored, psychologically informed approaches to athlete care.</div><div>This call-to-action invites researchers, clinicians, and sport organizations to reimagine REDs through a lens that prioritises psychological resilience alongside physical performance, ensuring a more sustainable future for athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaming for fuel: A content analysis of energy drink advertising in esports","authors":"Geremy Kerr,&nbsp;Haozhou Pu,&nbsp;Jennifer Dalton,&nbsp;Corinne Daprano","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of esports has drawn major energy drink brands such as Monster, Red Bull, and G Fuel, which strongly promote their products for boosting gaming performance. Their aggressive promotion however raises concerns about health risks, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep disturbances linked to caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. Despite the prevalence of energy drinks in esports, little research examines their advertising strategies. This study explores key themes and advertising strategies used in video advertisements such as persuasive appeals, peripheral and central messaging routes, and social norms and expected outcomes. Peripheral cues, such as vivid imagery and celebrity endorsements, were consistently utilized across advertisements, while central route cues, like product details, were less commonly emphasized. Subjective norms, including endorsements from gaming influencers, played a significant role in promoting social acceptance. A large majority of advertisements focused on portraying a \"cool\" and \"trendy\" image to resonate with their target audience. The findings reveal the alignment of energy drink marketing with esports culture but raise ethical concerns due to the omission of health risks. These methods are akin to alcohol and tobacco advertising and may promote excessive consumption among young gamers. Collaboration between esports stakeholders and public health professionals is essential to advocate for ethical marketing, consumer education, and regulatory oversight to mitigate health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social network exposure and sociodemographic factors associated with intentions to use anabolic-androgenic steroids","authors":"Kyle T. Ganson ,&nbsp;Alexander Testa ,&nbsp;Timothy Piatkowski ,&nbsp;Jason M. Nagata","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine 1) perceived anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use within the social networks of non-consumers, 2) the intentions to use AAS among non-consumers, including the sociodemographic predictors of intentions to use, and 3) whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with intentions to use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 1515 boys and men from Canada and the United States were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe perceived AAS use within the social networks of participants and their intentions to use AAS. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the sociodemographic associations with intentions to use AAS and whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with AAS use intentions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over one third (34.9 %) of participants reported perceiving any individual in their social network who uses AAS, while intentions to use AAS were relatively weak. Participants who identified as multi-racial were associated with stronger intentions to use AAS, while those who identified as gay or had a master’s degree or higher were associated with weaker intentions to use. Participants who perceived anyone in their social network who used AAS were associated with stronger intentions to use themselves.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide novel insights into AAS use within the social networks of a large, diverse, and international sample of boys and men, and their intentions to use. Prevention efforts should focus on boys and men who identify as multi-racial and who have individuals in their social network who use AAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative self-regulation model for sport and exercise: Theory and implications for comprehensive training","authors":"Alexander T. Latinjak","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-regulation is essential in sport and exercise, enabling athletes to manage emotions, motivation, and performance under pressure. However, research remains fragmented, often isolating aspects such as self-control, coping, and emotion regulation without integrating them into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces the Integrative Self-Regulation Model for Sport and Exercise, which unifies these processes to provide a structured yet adaptable approach to self-regulation training. The model consists of four core components: self-awareness and motivation for change, strategy selection, self-regulatory behaviours, and mental control, emphasizing the ability to regulate self-regulation by continuously monitoring and refining strategies. Despite its importance, self-regulation is prone to failure. Excessive self-awareness can lead to over-analysis and negative self-judgment, poor strategy selection may result in maladaptive coping, and overuse of mental control can cause cognitive fatigue. These pitfalls highlight the need for systematic training to develop adaptive, flexible, and context-sensitive strategies. To bridge theory and practice, the article presents a comprehensive checklist for self-regulation training and suggests evidence-based methods aligned with different aspects of the model. It offers a conceptual framework for studying self-regulation in sport and exercise, guiding both research and applied interventions to optimize performance and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychophysiological profiling of elite cricket athletes","authors":"Asia Joseph ,&nbsp;Michael Waller ,&nbsp;Trey Watson ,&nbsp;Tiberio Garza ,&nbsp;Marcelo Bigliassi","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying optimal psychophysiological states and developing individualized profiles can enhance emotion regulation and reduce performance variability in cricket athletes. This study examined the relationship between psychophysiological states and performance accuracy in 36 elite fast bowlers across four experimental conditions, resulting in 144 observations. Heart rate variability (HRV) and affective states, measured via the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), were recorded before and after accuracy-based tasks. Self-selected sensory interventions were applied prior to each over to regulate psychophysiological arousal and evoke targeted emotional responses. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, incorporating direction-aware distance features and evaluated with leave-one-participant-out cross-validation, emerged as the best-performing approach (R² = 0.282). This method accounted for individual differences by rescaling RMSSD values within participants and weighting deviations from personally “optimal” psychophysiological states. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis further highlighted RMSSD distance and affect-based features as primary predictors of performance. These findings underscore the importance of personalized strategies for psychophysiological regulation, suggesting that traditional one-size-fits-all approaches may overlook crucial individual nuances. Overall, the results demonstrate how precise, data-driven interventions could potentially enhance consistency and precision in high-pressure sporting environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levelling up esports research: Mapping the past, present, and future of a thriving digital arena","authors":"Fernando Navarro-Lucena ,&nbsp;Sebastian Molinillo ,&nbsp;Rafael Anaya-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Francisco Muñoz-Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electronic sports, or esports, is a rapidly expanding industry. While esports are relatively new, their attractiveness has provoked significant scientific production. The objectives of the present study are to identify the topics that have been analysed to date, the advances that have taken place in knowledge of the activity, the emerging trends and to propose future research directions. A bibliometric analysis of the relevant scientific production was undertaken through performance and co-word analyses of a database of the 1,097 articles published on esports and indexed in Scopus. The results identified six major thematic esports-related research areas: live streaming, marketing, gender, gambling, health and sports in general. Future research might examine the motivations for watching live streamings, their commercial exploitation by sponsoring companies, the possible relationship between esports and gambling and how the consumption/practise of esports affects health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance and integrity challenges in esports: A scoping review","authors":"Aline Lopes da Silva Candeo ,&nbsp;Salvador Jr Reyes ,&nbsp;Nils Haller ,&nbsp;Andrew Richardson ,&nbsp;Holger Preuss ,&nbsp;Thomas Souvignet ,&nbsp;Thomas Könecke ,&nbsp;Mathias Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth and commercial success of esports highlight the urgent need for clear regulations and governing bodies. To inform such processes, this scoping review maps existing knowledge on governance and integrity challenges in esports, distinguishing them from traditional sports governance frameworks. Existing literature is synthesized and organised to identify research gaps, to propose future research avenues and to thus provide guidance for policymaking and regulation. Specifically, it seeks to answer: What are the key governance and integrity challenges in esports, and how can policy and regulatory frameworks address them to ensure sustainable development?</div><div>The analysis revealed a constant increase of publications over the past decade, demonstrating the relevance of the topics. Based on both deductive and inductive coding, 19 dimensions of challenges were identified, including 8 related to governance and 11 to integrity. Key governance challenges include structures, regulations, democratic processes, legitimacy, and intellectual property. Prominent integrity challenges involve health issues, illegal sports betting, gender and sexuality, doping, and safeguarding.</div><div>The study reveals that traditional sports governance concepts are insufficient for addressing esports-specific issues, necessitating the development of dedicated frameworks. There is a need for future research to investigate player perspectives, assess the prevalence of challenges, and promote harmonized regulations. This review underscores the importance of a holistic perspective on governance and integrity to improve legitimacy and regulatory authority, ensuring the sustainable growth of the esports industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists among exercisers and recreational athletes and associated mental health symptoms","authors":"Daniel Martin ,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Thomas I. Gee ,&nbsp;Luke Turnock ,&nbsp;Lambros Lazuras","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study assessed the self-reported use of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and associated health risk awareness and mental health symptoms among UK-based exercisers and recreational athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 681) completed an online survey which assessed: (1) participation in exercise and sport; (2) past and intended future off-label use of GLP-1 agonists; and (3) awareness of associated health risks, body image disturbances, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over half of participants (57.9 %, <em>n</em> = 372) were familiar with GLP-1 agonists. Of these, 78.2 %, (<em>n</em> = 291) reported that they were unaware of any associated health risks. A quarter (25.5 %, <em>n</em> = 93) of participants had thought about using GLP-1 agonists off-label for physical appearance purposes, and 2.9 % (<em>n</em> = 11) reported having already used GLP-1 agonists. GLP-1 agonists were mainly sourced through online outlets (45.5 %, <em>n</em> = 5) or private sellers (18.2 %, <em>n</em> = 2), and 50.0 % (<em>n</em> = 5) of the users continued taking GLP-1 drugs even after perceiving they experienced adverse symptoms. The majority of users (63.6 %, <em>n</em> = 7) had followed more than one course of GLP-1 agonists, Semaglutide being the most commonly used GLP-1 agonist (54.5 %, <em>n</em> = 6), and 90.9 % (<em>n</em> = 10) of users believed they had bought the genuine product. Compared to non-users, participants who had used or thought about using GLP-1 agonists, reported significantly higher scores in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and in body image disturbances.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A sizeable proportion of exercisers and recreational athletes contemplated GLP-1 agonist use for body image enhancement purposes, despite being unaware of associated health risks and experiencing elevated mental health symptoms in comparison to non-contemplators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs across exercise stages of change","authors":"Symeon P. Vlachopoulos ,&nbsp;Stuart J.H. Biddle","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to examine differences in exercise amotivation beliefs, specifically levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics, across the exercise stages of change. A sample of 766 men and women aged 19 to 64 years indicated their exercise stage of change and completed the Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale - 2 to indicate their levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics as exercise amotivation beliefs. Analyses of covariance using the stages of change as the independent variable, the four amotivation scores as the dependent variables, and sex, age, BMI, and educational level as covariates revealed that the precontemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to members of the contemplation, action, and maintenance groups. Also, contemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to the maintenance group. Further, the preparation group reported stronger capacity amotivation beliefs compared to the maintainers. No value exercise amotivation differences emerged between the exercise stages. Sex had a small effect on capacity beliefs with men tending to report lower capacity amotivation beliefs. Age did not have any effect on any type of exercise amotivation. Educational level had a small effect on value amotivation beliefs with higher educational levels corresponding to lower value amotivation. BMI had a medium effect on capacity, and a small effect on effort and task characteristics beliefs with persons of greater BMI reporting higher levels of amotivation. The present findings support continued research on the role of multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs in better understanding the exercise behavior change process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}