Performance enhancement and health最新文献

{"title":"“Commentary on Twietmeyer’s ‘the plastic person: A response to fry’”","authors":"Jeffrey P. Fry","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In his response to a book chapter that I wrote for Robert Simon’s anthology entitled <em>The Ethics of Coaching Sports: Moral, Social, and Legal Issues</em> (2013), Gregg Twietmeyer presents a number a criticisms. Underlying his concerns is his view that the brain should not be mistaken for the person. Hence, the notion of a neuroethics of coaching is misfocused. The brain is a feature of the person, but not the person as such. Coaches should have the whole person in focus. In my response, I raise some questions about Twietmeyer’s own views, and I defend, on ethical grounds, a particular concern of coaches for the brains of athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cheating and Doping in Chess – A Survey among 1,924 German Club Players using the Randomized Response Technique","authors":"Kim Schu ,&nbsp;Nils Haller","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the estimated 12-month prevalence of cheating behaviors (i.e., prohibited chess computer engine use or cognitive doping) among German club chess players.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online questionnaire was completed by 1924 German club chess players. Self-reported cheating behavior was examined using game mode specific (i.e., Over the board (OTB) and/or online chess) questions on prohibited actions via randomized response technique (RRT), as well as the specific methods of cheating via direct questioning. Estimated 12-month prevalences are presented descriptively. Potential associations between skill level, age, and game mode with cheating behaviors were analyzed using the chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed estimated 12-month prevalences of 5.1 % (95 % CI: 2.5 – 7.8 %) for cognitive doping in both formats (OTB and/or online chess), 7.1 % (95 % CI: 4.3 – 9.8 %) for cheating in OTB chess, and 6.2 % (95 % CI: 3.1 – 9.3 %) for cheating in online chess. Cheating prevalence is potentially influenced by factors such as skill level, age, and game mode.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the presence of cheating in the German club chess community. This highlights the need for targeted anti-cheating measures and policies by chess governing bodies and chess platforms to address this issue and secure the integrity of the sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, and anabolic-androgenic steroid use ideation in Filipino American male university students: A pilot study","authors":"Pamela Paula Pioquinto,&nbsp;Miguel Antonio Fudolig","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>Filipino American (FilAms) males are prone to experiencing body dissatisfaction due to sociocultural factors, but little is known about the attitudes towards muscularity and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use in this population. This pilot study investigated the relationship between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptomatology, and AAS ideation, and measured the MD symptom severity level of Filipino American university students from a single institution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 210 FilAm male university students from a single institution were recruited to complete an online survey. MD severity and acculturation were measured using validated scales (Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory and A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans). Participants were also asked about AAS use ideation and history.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings showed that drive for size and functional impairment were negatively associated with language use and preference, while appearance intolerance was positively associated with language use and preference. 39.0 % of the sample reported having considered using AAS. Functional impairment and ethnic social relations were strongly associated with AAS use ideation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high MDDI and reported AAS ideation could provide insight into developing specifically tailored interventions for FilAm males.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From performance enhancement to health: The role of heat acclimation protocols for protecting vulnerable individuals against heat related illness","authors":"Laura J. Wilson,&nbsp;Luke W. Oates","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harm reduction in the Enhanced Games: Can performance enhancing drugs be ‘safe’?","authors":"Martin Chandler,&nbsp;Ian Boardley","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enhanced Games proposes a model of competitive sport in which the use of performance enhancing drugs is not only permitted but actively supported by the organisers. Whilst they seemingly recognise the evidence around potential harms to the end-user, they contend that the use of performance enhancing drugs can be safely managed. They argue in favour of a medically supervised model in which harms are minimised by careful monitoring of biomarkers (e.g., blood counts) and physiological assessments (e.g. gene testing, electrocardiograms). However, we argue that the extant evidence base is insufficient to properly inform a workable harm reduction model in this context. Specifically, the available evidence is largely drawn from observational studies and as such lacks crucial detail around relationships between specific substances, supraphysiological doses and subsequent adverse health effects. Furthermore, some evidence shows potentially long-term effects for which the epidemiology is poorly understood. We examine gaps in the evidence via three exemplar areas of adverse health effects – cardiovascular, reproductive, and cognitive function – in order to demonstrate the significant limitations of a harm reduction model in the context of medically supervised doping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fit and fit in – exploring women’s IPED trajectories","authors":"Ellen Sverkersson","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article addresses the use of Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) among women, aiming to describe and analyse how gender, social context, and risks influence IPED trajectories among women, from initiation to possible discontinuation. The study utilises a case study approach, drawing on semi-structured interviews with three Swedish women. Based on an analytical framework consisting of transitional subcultural spaces and what can account for more non-normative life courses, the results demonstrate that the onset of IPED use occurs before entering gym culture as well as within it. Social connections are essential to initiation; however, accessibility and knowledge about side effects associated with specific IPEDs also influence the choice of substances and their use. Despite not all using IPEDs for muscle- building purposes, their bodies elicited reactions from their surroundings related to challenging gender norms and a non-normative life course. Discontinuation of IPEDs is associated with adverse effects, legal violations, and accessibility issues, as well as transitions linked to ceasing athletic pursuits and changing one’s social circles. The study highlights the complexity of IPED use among women, placing IPED trajectories in transitional subcultural spaces, underscoring the need for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the complexities of enforcing anti-doping non-compliance: A case study of South Africa","authors":"Jonathan Ruwuya,&nbsp;Rekha Janarthanan,&nbsp;Jules Woolf","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In September 2023, WADA declared South Africa non-compliant with the 2021 Code following outdated legislation, coinciding with the nation’s participation in major international sporting events. This Short Report uses South Africa’s case to explore the complexities of non-compliance and its broader implications, providing recommendations for improving the Code compliance process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzes WADA documents and statements from the South African government and the South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport, to understand the legislative, administrative, and contextual challenges that led to non-compliance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>South Africa’s failure to update its legislation, coupled with bureaucratic delays, contributed to the non-compliance. The misalignment between the UNESCO Convention and WADA Code further complicated compliance, exacerbated by WADA's top-down, Western-centric approach. Additionally, a lack of communication between government entities slowed remedial efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The non-compliance declaration triggered political tensions, uncertainty for athletes, and potential economic consequences, illustrating the far-reaching impact of such declarations. Recommendations include more flexible compliance monitoring, improved coordination between South African institutions, and capacity-building initiatives to build expertise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Revisiting WADA’s approach to global compliance and addressing context-specific challenges can lead to a more effective and equitable anti-doping system, enhancing Signatories’ ability to meet Code requirements and safeguarding clean sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between passion for resistance training and muscle dysmorphia","authors":"Eivind Joensberg ,&nbsp;Hjalmar Fagermyr ,&nbsp;Tommy Haugen ,&nbsp;Sebastian S. Sandgren","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Obsessive passion for resistance training can predict adverse outcomes such as symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. Similarly, social media exposure has previously been associated with increased muscle dysmorphia symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the association between passion for resistance training (harmonious and obsessive passion), fitness content on social media, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-report survey administered to resistance training individuals in Norway. Participants (<em>N</em> = 502) with a mean age of 23.72 (SD = 3.17) completed the survey.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple Linear Regression Analyses revealed that obsessive passion and fitness content on social media positively predicted muscle dysmorphia symptoms, whilst harmonious passion negatively predicted symptoms of muscle dysmorphia.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Healthcare professionals can use this knowledge to better assess and treat individuals at risk of developing or already suffering from muscle dysmorphia. Additional implications for practice and future recommendations are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of research about women in sport: A perspective from the island of Ireland","authors":"Patricia C. Jackman ,&nbsp;Emma S. Cowley ,&nbsp;Niamh Ní Chéilleachair ,&nbsp;Katie Liston ,&nbsp;Mary Margaret Meade ,&nbsp;Tandy Jane Haughey ,&nbsp;Maria Faulkner ,&nbsp;Carla McCabe ,&nbsp;Niamh Kitching ,&nbsp;Brendan Egan ,&nbsp;Siobhán O'Connor ,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Wesley O'Brien ,&nbsp;Niamh Murphy ,&nbsp;Ollie Williamson ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Bird ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Gorman ,&nbsp;Angela Carlin ,&nbsp;Ciara Everard ,&nbsp;Denise Martin ,&nbsp;Aoife Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women remain under-represented in many sport settings, including as research participants. Additionally, there is often a lack of collective thinking and action across universities and the sport sector in research about women in sport, including on the island of Ireland. To support the strategic development of research within this region, we conducted a scoping review to systematically identify, analyse, and synthesise existing literature about women in sport on the island of Ireland. Following searches of electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, SocINDEX with Full Text) and manual searches up to December 2024, we included 274 peer-reviewed outputs. Research about women in sport in Ireland has grown significantly over the last five years, with 57.7 % of included studies published in print or online in the five years prior to the search (2020–2024). Following analysis of each study, we organised primary topics investigated into five main areas: injury (<em>k</em> = 86), sport performance (<em>k</em> = 72), sport, health and wellbeing (<em>k</em> = 65), society and culture (<em>k</em> = 38), and coaching and professional practice (<em>k</em> = 13). We identified numerous trends, including the dominance of cross-sectional research designs and quantitative methods, tendency to conduct research through a monodisciplinary lens, and inconsistent reporting of sex/gender in published literature. While this review highlights research priorities specific to the island of Ireland, it offers a template for other regions to replicate and some relevant learning for researchers worldwide in their respective and collective efforts to improve the experiences of women in sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives, motivations and behaviors of amateur bodybuilders regarding doping and anti-doping: A systematic review","authors":"René Paasch ,&nbsp;Gunnar Mau ,&nbsp;Oliver Korol","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review examines the perspectives, motivations, and behaviors of amateur bodybuilders regarding doping and anti-doping, with a focus on psychological, social, and motivational factors. Additionally, it identifies current research gaps in anti-doping prevention strategies for amateur athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published from 2014 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was performed in SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycArticles, and Psyndex. The review included amateur strength athletes aged 14–70 years, explicitly excluding professional athletes and elite competitors. Amateur bodybuilders were categorized as recreational or competitive, as their doping behaviors may differ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Steroid use is prevalent among amateur bodybuilders, with consumption patterns influenced by age, gender, and a lack of awareness about health risks. Key motivators include body image concerns, performance pressure, and social influence. Online communities and gym culture play a crucial role in shaping doping behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While professional athletes benefit from well-developed prevention programs, amateur athletes lack targeted anti-doping strategies. There is an urgent need for tailored educational and prevention measures for this population. Future studies should prioritize psychosocial factors influencing doping in amateur bodybuilding to enhance intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}