Performance enhancement and health最新文献_第2页

Jet lag and player wellbeing in esports: A call for research in the counter-strike scene 电子竞技中的时差和玩家健康：反恐精英场景的研究呼吁

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100368

Sidney V. Irwin, Anjum Naweed, Michele Lastella

引用次数: 0

Aromatase inhibitors as a potential harm reduction strategy for men with low-normal testosterone at risk of non-prescribed androgen use 芳香酶抑制剂作为一种潜在的危害降低策略男性低正常睾丸激素在非处方雄激素使用的风险

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100377

Diederik L. Smit , Tijs Verdegaal , Peter Bond

{"title":"Aromatase inhibitors as a potential harm reduction strategy for men with low-normal testosterone at risk of non-prescribed androgen use","authors":"Diederik L. Smit , Tijs Verdegaal , Peter Bond","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Men with low-normal testosterone often present with symptoms such as low energy, reduced libido, and mood disturbances. However, guidelines restrict testosterone therapy (TTh) to men with confirmed hypogonadism, leaving this subgroup without clear treatment options. Frustrated, some turn to illicit testosterone, often at supraphysiological doses, risking long-term endocrine disruption, infertility, and cardiovascular disease. This perspective explores aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as a harm reduction strategy for such men. By inhibiting estrogen-mediated feedback, AIs stimulate endogenous testosterone production while preserving hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis integrity. In addition to potential symptom relief, AIs can be used diagnostically to assess HPG responsiveness and the relationship between testosterone levels and symptoms. They may also serve an educational role, helping patients better understand the hormonal contribution to their complaints and avoid premature self-treatment. The response to AIs is variable, and their long-term safety in men remains uncertain. In addition, the use of AIs is off-label and lacks robust clinical evidence. Well-designed trials are needed to determine whether AIs are truly a viable harm reduction strategy and eventually reduce the incidence of self-initiated TTh. Until then, a cautious, individualized approach is essential—yet in selected cases, AIs may offer a supervised alternative that prevents progression to unregulated testosterone use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disordered Eating and Mental Health Across Lean and Non-Lean Sports: A Cross-Sectional Study of UK University Sports Club Members 在精益和非精益运动中饮食失调和心理健康：对英国大学体育俱乐部成员的横断面研究

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100374

Dr. Hannah Plaschkes , Dr. Tom Price , Dr. James L. Findon

{"title":"Disordered Eating and Mental Health Across Lean and Non-Lean Sports: A Cross-Sectional Study of UK University Sports Club Members","authors":"Dr. Hannah Plaschkes , Dr. Tom Price , Dr. James L. Findon","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly turning to preventative measures to improve student mental health outcomes. However, previous research has identified sports participation (especially lean sports) as a risk factor for eating disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate the association between sports club membership, disordered eating cognitions and vulnerability to mental health problems in a population of university students at UK HEIs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were UK students (77% female, average age = 21.66) who reported being a member of a university sports club (n=295) or not (n=242). Sports club members were further divided into lean (n=103) v non-lean sports (n=185). Participants completed an online survey including the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Figure Rating Scale (FRS) and Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In sports club members, EAT-26 and the emotional problems subscale of the SDQ were significantly lower than non-sports club members. Sports club members also had significantly lower body dissatisfaction and higher body appreciation than non-sports club members. The lean-sports group had the lowest EAT-26 scores and the lowest levels of body dissatisfaction and highest levels of body appreciation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the results indicate that university sports club membership is associated with better mental health outcomes. Contrary to previous studies, lean sports participation was associated with the lowest levels of eating disorder attitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Olympic Games transition: a narrative review and a conceptual model 奥运转型：一个叙事回顾与概念模型

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100383

Roy David Samuel , Itay Basevitch

{"title":"The Olympic Games transition: a narrative review and a conceptual model","authors":"Roy David Samuel , Itay Basevitch","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Participation in the Olympic Games (OGs) represents the pinnacle of an elite athlete’s career, often accompanied by a spectrum of emotions – including euphoria, flow, pride, and a sense of meaning – as well as negative experiences such as disappointment, frustration, anxiety, and a lack of purpose. Over the past decade, research on athletic careers has increasingly recognized the OGs as a longitudinal career transition encompassing multiple phases and meta-transitions, including qualification/selection, preparation, participation, and the post-Games period. However, no review has yet addressed the full scope of the OGs transition, and no conceptual model has been developed to account for this complex experience. This article addresses this gap by pursuing two objectives: (a) to provide a narrative review of the OGs transition, and (b) to introduce a new framework – the Olympic Games Transition Model (OGT model) – which captures the change events, career pathways, and associated adaptation processes within the OGs transition. Our research questions were: (a) What are the transitional experiences of elite athletes throughout their Olympic journeys? (b) Can specific transitions and phases be identified as career pathways? (c) How do athletes perceive these transitions? (d) How do elite athletes emotionally respond to the transition’s demands and barriers? (e) How do athletes adapt to these demands and barriers? The findings underscore the scarcity of quantitative, comparative, predictive, and longitudinal research in this area. The review highlights the complex and dynamic emotional nature of the OGs experience and its potential impact on athletes’ well-being. The OGT model offers researchers and practitioners a comprehensive framework for understanding athletes’ change events, career pathways, and adaptation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not passive victims: A qualitative study of gendered understandings, experiences, and coping strategies of toxicity among Norwegian Esports students 不是被动的受害者：挪威电子竞技学生对毒性的性别理解、经验和应对策略的定性研究

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100363

Stian Overå, Niri Talberg

{"title":"Not passive victims: A qualitative study of gendered understandings, experiences, and coping strategies of toxicity among Norwegian Esports students","authors":"Stian Overå, Niri Talberg","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In esports and online gaming, toxicity represents a significant challenge that stems from negative behaviours, including harassment, hate speech, and bullying. Although prior research has documented its prevalence, not much is known about how young esports players experience and navigate these issues, particularly in educational contexts. This study examines how Norwegian high school students in an elite esports programme perceived, experienced, and managed toxicity. A reflexive thematic analysis of interviews with 12 students (9 male, 3 female) and follow-up interviews with 10 students (7 male, 3 female) revealed experiences of both performance- and identity-based toxicity. While male students primarily faced performance-based toxicity, female students encountered gendered harassment. Male peers condemned this gendered harassment but emphasised the severity of their own experiences. Beyond gender, players noted that skill level influenced the frequency and type of toxicity, with mid-tier ranks experiencing it more than those in lower or higher tiers. Although toxicity was prevalent, students rejected the victimhood mentality. They employed various coping strategies—ranging from social, technical, pedagogical, in-game, and psychological approaches—thereby demonstrating resilience and a commitment to fostering inclusive esports communities. This study reveals how educational environments shape coping strategies and awareness of toxicity. It emphasises the necessity for inclusive, gender-sensitive approaches in esports governance and mental health initiatives to tackle performance-related toxicity and gender exclusion. Future research should explore how educational interventions extend beyond schools and how skill level and intersectional factors—such as ethnicity, sexuality, and socioeconomic background—interact with gender to influence toxicity in esports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketamine and physical exercise: A surprising new duo? a netnographic analysis 氯胺酮和体育锻炼：一个令人惊讶的新组合？网络分析

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100366

Sofia Venturini , Marialisa Romagnoni , Gabriele Penazzi , Ornella Corazza , Thomas Zandonai

{"title":"Ketamine and physical exercise: A surprising new duo? a netnographic analysis","authors":"Sofia Venturini , Marialisa Romagnoni , Gabriele Penazzi , Ornella Corazza , Thomas Zandonai","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing interest in the role of pharmacological substances to enhance exercise-related performance, manage pain, or improve recovery. Ketamine has recently gained interest as a potential adjunct to physical exercise.</div><div>This study aims to explore ketamine use an adjunct to physical exercise, investigating reported effects, undesired effects, dosing patterns, administration routes, and purchasing modalities.</div><div>Given the limited availability of scientific data, a qualitative netnographic analysis was performed on Reddit from November 2024 until February 2025. In total, 461 comments were examined, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria, including anecdotal reports shared by Reddit users. Data were manually categorized based on effects, side effects, dosing patterns, administration routes, and purchasing sources.</div><div>Ketamine was primarily used without clinical supervision in weightlifting as pre-workout (5 posts; 19.2 %) and, to a lesser extent, in running, yoga, and snowboarding. Desired effects included increased endurance (6 posts; 23.1 %), feeling stronger (5 posts; 19.2 %), and pain reduction (3 posts; 11.5 %). Undesired effects (1 post each; 3.9 %) included dehydration, tolerance buildup, bladder discomfort and heart strain. Ketamine was predominantly insufflated, with doses varying between 25 mg (minimum) and 100 mg (maximum). Both pharmaceutical grade and street/illicit ketamine was purchased.</div><div>This study highlights an emerging trend, suggesting that ketamine may impact both performance and well-being. However, concerns related to tolerance, cardiovascular strain, and potential dependence underscore the urgency of more comprehensive research. Further studies are needed to understand the short- and long-term effects of ketamine use in the context of physical exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond scapegoats: Doping and the myth of the level playing field 除了替罪羊：兴奋剂和公平竞争环境的神话

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100376

John Nauright , Lizzy Ratcliff , Sarah Zipp

引用次数: 0

Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise among individuals with asthma: a systematic review 哮喘患者身体活动和锻炼的障碍和促进因素：系统综述

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100371

Daniel González-Devesa , Rocío Carballo-Afonso , Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra , Carlos Ayán-Pérez

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise among individuals with asthma: a systematic review","authors":"Daniel González-Devesa , Rocío Carballo-Afonso , Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra , Carlos Ayán-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Before encouraging exercise practice among people with asthma, it is crucial to understand the factors that prevent them from exercising.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study was to analyse and synthetize available studies that report quantitative and qualitative data on barriers and motivating factors related to exercise in people with asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven electronic databases were searched systematically from their inception until July 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research and Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review included 13 qualitative studies along with 2 quantitative ones. Among these, 7 provided information on barriers to exercise, 1 focused solely on facilitators, and 7 addressed both barriers and facilitators. The data indicated that common barriers to exercise among asthma patients include lack of time, interest, and overall knowledge about exercise. Facilitators primarily involve asthma control, access to exercise facilities, and social support. To overcome internal barriers, motivational interviewing and access to exercise counselling services are recommended. Additionally, educational support is necessary to inform patients about the safety of exercise and dispel negative beliefs. The creation of organized exercise groups should also be considered to enhance participation and adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The obtained findings can be of interest for developing strategies aimed at increasing exercise practice among this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Esports associations in Germany and Austria: A comparative study of community satisfaction 德国和奥地利的电子竞技协会：社区满意度的比较研究

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100361

Felix Wachholz , Leon Janßen , Heiko Heidenreich

{"title":"Esports associations in Germany and Austria: A comparative study of community satisfaction","authors":"Felix Wachholz , Leon Janßen , Heiko Heidenreich","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has examined perceptions of esports regulation and institutionalization; however, little is known about Community Satisfaction (CS) with these newly established organizations, particularly in a cross-country context. This article examines the esports community's satisfaction with national esports associations in Germany and Austria. Germany's Esport-Bund Deutschland (ESBD) and Austria's Esport Verband Österreich (ESVÖ) serve as suitable cases due to their similar structures but differing sizes and operational histories. Using a two-fold approach, 22 expert interviews (14 from Germany, 8 from Austria) were conducted focusing on esports development and the current landscape (Study 1). Interview insights informed an online questionnaire that gathered 425 responses from esports communities in both countries (Study 2). Findings indicate global growth, increased acceptance, and professionalization of esports in both countries. Respondents perceived minimal influence from the ESBD, while the ESVÖ was viewed as a political interface with limited impact. Austrian participants reported greater <em>Identification</em> and <em>Satisfaction</em> with their association. However, perceived <em>Belonging</em> and <em>Benefit</em> showed no significant differences between the countries. Esports club membership was a key factor of overall satisfaction, as well as residence. Predictors such as age, gender, and hours per week playing did not consistently show significant effects. In general, awareness of the associations correlated with a stronger sense of <em>Belonging</em> among all community members. Despite the potential of associations to shape the future of esports, there is a noticeable gap in CS between them. To address this, associations should focus on increasing their visibility and creating incentives for individuals to become members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clenbuterol and the cost of cutting: A brief report comparing self-reported side effects of clenbuterol consumption to anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds 克伦特罗和削减成本：一份比较克伦特罗与合成代谢雄激素类固醇化合物的自我报告副作用的简短报告

IF 3.7

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100356

Benjamin Bonenti , Cheneal Puljević , Vigorous Steve , Jason Ferris , Emma Davies , Monica J. Barratt , Adam Winstock , Etienne Grobler , Kyle T. Ganson , Lauren Ball , Timothy Piatkowski

{"title":"Clenbuterol and the cost of cutting: A brief report comparing self-reported side effects of clenbuterol consumption to anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds","authors":"Benjamin Bonenti , Cheneal Puljević , Vigorous Steve , Jason Ferris , Emma Davies , Monica J. Barratt , Adam Winstock , Etienne Grobler , Kyle T. Ganson , Lauren Ball , Timothy Piatkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clenbuterol, while not classified as an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), is commonly used alongside AAS for aesthetic purposes due to its thermogenic effects. Comparisons of its side effect profile relative to AAS remain limited. This study aimed to examine the side effects between participants classified as consuming either AAS and clenbuterol (clenbuterol group) or AAS without clenbuterol (AAS group).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample (<em>N</em> = 1146) was drawn from the 2024 Global Drug Survey, and comprised solely males reporting either AAS only (<em>n</em> = 949), or AAS and clenbuterol (<em>n</em> = 197), in the previous 12 months. Binary logistic regression analyses assessed associations between use of compound type (clenbuterol group vs. AAS group) and four self-reported side effects: negative impact on heart, restlessness/irritability, irrational excitability, and rapid mood fluctuation. Age was included as a covariate in all models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The clenbuterol group had significantly higher odds of reporting negative impacts on their heart (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.76, <em>p</em> < .001), rapid mood fluctuations (aOR = 1.73, <em>p</em> = .010), and irrational excitability (aOR = 1.61, <em>p</em> = .032) compared to the AAS group. Conversely, clenbuterol consumption was not a significant predictor of restlessness/irritability (aOR = 1.36, <em>p</em> = .122).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Men consuming clenbuterol alongside AAS report higher rates of side effects than those consuming AAS alone. These findings underscore the need for targeted health promotion messaging regarding clenbuterol consumption for physique enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0