Performance enhancement and health最新文献

{"title":"Reflections on method, racism, and context and anti-doping research: A commentary response","authors":"Jules Woolf ,&nbsp;Jonathan Ruwuya ,&nbsp;Byron Omwando Juma ,&nbsp;Rekha Janarthanan","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This commentary responds to critiques of our earlier work on raising awareness of epistemic racism in anti-doping research. We address our critics through three reflective sections on method, racism, and context. In the first section, we address critiques of our method, by outlining the deliberative process behind our commentary and provide details of our lived experiences. In the second section, we reflect on racism. Far from being a novel concept, epistemic racism has been acknowledged across disciplines, making it relevant for anti-doping scholarship. Moreover, we challenge its dismissal as irrelevant and note that systemic racial biases in knowledge production have long shaped science and policy. Hence, our recommendation for scholars to be racially aware seems pertinent given the academia's ongoing failure to eradicate racial biases. This is further supported by the observation that the recommendation for editorial board representation was assumed tokenism. The third section focuses on context – a term heavily leaned upon but inconsistently and questionably used. We note how the original framing of athletes from developing countries lacking choice, values, and morality was obscured in favor of a new framing that paints the original work as a positive connotation of these athletes. We critique the concept of self-selection bias as a form of blame-shifting that ignores the historical context and consequences of colonialism. By structuring our reflections in this manner, we aim to not only respond to our critics but also to encourage a more inclusive and equitable approach to anti-doping research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel wellbeing and repair peptide use in the UK: Netnographic findings","authors":"Luke A. Turnock ,&nbsp;Evelyn Hearne","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in synthetic peptides hormones promoted for wellbeing enhancement purposes, including BPC-157, TB-500 and CJC-1295. With these drugs increasingly accessible through online platforms such as e-commerce sites, this research seeks to understand user experiences of taking these drugs, and the ways in which digital forum spaces facilitate the development of a shared folk pharmacology and further indigenous harm reduction.</div><div>Data is drawn from a netnography of peptide-related forum posts, encompassing 493 unique threads totalling almost 15,000 posts. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.</div><div>Findings are split into two major sections, encompassing motivations for peptide use, and online folk pharmacology. In the first of these sections, findings explored include: Peptide use for the purposes of injury rehabilitation, including post-surgery recovery; Everyday wellbeing use of peptides, including for anti-ageing, with a particular focus on older men wishing to return to gym training for aesthetic and general health purposes; And the relationship between seeking black market peptides following negative experiences with healthcare providers for wellbeing-related issues.</div><div>In the second section, key themes relate to: Community knowledge exchange regarding use, including community distribution of harm reduction information; Community understandings of the limits to utility of peptides, and experiences of product not working as anticipated; And information sharing regarding product quality, and potential harms relating to ‘scam’ sellers and substituted or poor-quality product.</div><div>Conclusions show that an emergent folk pharmacology relating to peptides has developed in forum spaces, which informs and encourages use. Many older men appear to be taking peptides for everyday wellbeing purposes, suggesting a need for specific focus on this population in public health work. Issues with healthcare providers appeared to lead users to accessing black market peptides, suggesting specific education for healthcare practitioners around peptides may be important to pursue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding unintentional doping: A complex systems analysis of supplement use in sport","authors":"Scott McLean ,&nbsp;Matthew Morrison ,&nbsp;Mitchell Naughton ,&nbsp;Paul M Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unintentional doping though supplement use is an ongoing issue that has severe professional and personal impacts on athletes. Though the issue is well known, there are key knowledge gaps regarding the role of different stakeholders both in creating and managing unintentional doping. The current study aimed to identify the influential tasks and stakeholders within the Australian sport system that are associated with supplements. A Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was developed during a subject matter expert workshop (n = 12) to decompose the supplement use in sport ‘system’ into a hierarchical structure of goals, sub-goals, operations, and plans. A task network was developed during the SME workshop and based on the first level sub-goals of the HTA. Network analysis was then applied to determine the interdependency and influence of system tasks and stakeholders. Network metrics included Density, Out-degree centrality, In-degree centrality, Betweenness centrality, Closeness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality. In total, 15 first level sub-goals were identified which were further decomposed into 71 sub-goals and operations. The overall identified goal of athletes taking supplements was to optimise health, performance, recovery, image, and achieve optimal weight. Within this overall goal, numerous tasks are required to be performed including research, manufacturing and regulation of supplements, maintaining clean sport, to the administration of supplements by athletes, to subsequent assessments of their efficacy. The most influential tasks within the system include ‘maintaining clean sport’ by anti-doping authorities, and ‘marketing/advertising’ of supplements by supplement companies. Influential stakeholders within the system included ‘anti-doping agencies’, ‘athlete support personnel’, and ‘sponsors’. The analysis has demonstrated that multiple and varied stakeholders have specific roles to play in preventing unintentional doping. The findings suggest that for the prevention of unintentional doping through supplement use, interventions will need to shift away from the typical focus on athletes and athlete support personnel, to encompass a broader systemic focus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ‘bro, do you even lift?’ to ‘bro, do you even science?’: How the relationship between science and broscience can inform the development of allied image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction","authors":"Mair Underwood","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has long been noted that people who use image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) generate and disseminate their own IPED knowledge, and that it is this knowledge that informs IPED practice, including harm reduction. Described as the ‘ethnopharmacology’, or (borrowing a bodybuilding term), the ‘broscience’, of IPEDs, this knowledge has rarely been explored. IPED broscience has generally been dismissed as dangerous, and as part of the risk environment of IPED use. However, in recent times some academics have recognised the potential of broscience to reduce harm, and thus be part of the enabling environment of IPED use. However, the potential for broscience to reduce harm has not been investigated. This paper, by taking a holistic perspective on broscience and examining it in context, seeks to identify ways that broscience can inform IPED harm reduction. Specifically, it describes the findings of an online ethnographic study of the IPED broscience of enhanced bodybuilders. It asks the questions, ‘why does IPED broscience exist?’, ‘what is IPED broscience?’, and ‘how is IPED broscience generated, disseminated and used?’. But most importantly it asks, what is the relationship between IPED broscience and professional knowledge, and how can understanding broscience guide us forward in our efforts to reduce IPED harm?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epistemic racism—An epistemic catastrophe","authors":"Ask Vest Christiansen,&nbsp;Verner Møller","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context is everything: A realist response to the commentary on epistemic racism in anti-doping research by Ruwuya et al. 2024","authors":"Andrea Petróczi ,&nbsp;Dennis Dreiskämper ,&nbsp;Vassilis Barkoukis ,&nbsp;Dmitri Bondarev ,&nbsp;Sebastian Brueckner ,&nbsp;Alessandra De Maria ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Elbe ,&nbsp;Andrew Heyes ,&nbsp;Lambros Lazuras ,&nbsp;Annalena Veltmaat ,&nbsp;Arnaldo Zelli","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article responds to Ruwuya et al.'s (2024) critique of epistemic racism in anti-doping research, particularly their mischaracterization of our study (Veltmaat et al., 2023). We challenge their claims, emphasising the importance of shared responsibility within the research community to produce culturally relevant, contextually accurate findings, as well as data-close and nuanced interpretations. Contrary to accusations of perpetuating stereotypes about athletes from developing nations, our research in Veltmaat et al. (2023) explores the complex interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors influencing athletes' vulnerability to doping. We stress the need to consider well-documented cultural value differences, such as those between Western and African countries, in shaping anti-doping education and policy. Our findings in Veltmaat et al. (2023) demonstrate that athletes’ internalisation of societal values of sport varies, and influenced by a combination of individual and contextual factors. Vulnerability to doping is not confined to any specific race, gender, or location, but arises where values tied to safety, economic stability, or social mobility outweigh rule compliance or the ‘spirit of sport’. We advocate for a decolonised approach to anti-doping that embraces cultural diversity and integrates local values into global frameworks. Personal values, not solely the ‘spirit of sport,’ often serve as protective factors against doping. Our research highlights that values-based anti-doping education may falter when overly reliant on a colonialised narrative of values, particularly in contexts where athletes face diverse pressures. We caution against over-sensitising critiques of epistemic bias, because doing so can hinder constructive dialogue and stifle progress in anti-doping research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College athletes in the perfect storm for online abuse: A call to action","authors":"Joanna Wall Tweedie ,&nbsp;Lindsey E. Darvin ,&nbsp;John T. Holden","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearables, wayfinding, and data visualisations for distance running","authors":"John Toner ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson ,&nbsp;Patricia C. Jackman ,&nbsp;Luke Jones ,&nbsp;Joe Addrison","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data visualisations represent an important source of regulatory information and feedback for competitive and recreational runners alike. However, athletes' embodied or sensory engagements with data visualisations are often ignored by researchers in favour of the cognitive processes underlying their use. The current study addressed this lacuna by conducting interviews with endurance runners who are habitual users of wearables devices, to explore how these athletes intra-act with visualisations to understand, explore, and navigate their performance taskscapes/landscapes. Using ecological dynamics as a theoretical lens, findings revealed that runners <em>dwell</em> (are immersed) with data visualisations to identify wayfinding aids that can be used to inform future practice. Engagements with visualisations were also found to be an embodied experience that enabled runners to contextually interpret data generated by wearables. These findings extend our understanding of ecological dynamics by showing how visualisations help runners identify key affordances and information that they can use to navigate their taskscape and respond to emergent challenges \"as they go\".</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the game: Well-being amid life disruptions among elite athletes","authors":"Maria Luisa M. Guinto ,&nbsp;Denise F. Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how elite athletes perceived, experienced, and coped with the significant interruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, including canceled competitions, closed facilities, and restricted interactions with coaches and teammates. Framed by Existential Positive Psychology (EPP), this qualitative research explores the meaning-making processes, emotional experiences, and existential challenges of athletes when confronted with life and career disruptions. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with twenty Filipino national athletes (10 female, 10 male) to capture their experiences during the early phase of the global crisis. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed the overarching theme, \"being with uncertainty,\" which portrays how athletes were positioned amid the widescale ambiguity that derailed their career trajectories. Four primary themes were generated: \"navigating the ebb and flow of emotions,\" \"redefining identity and selfhood,\" \"strengthening social connections,\" and \"anchoring on meaning, purpose, and faith.\" The findings are discussed within Indigenous psychological concepts upheld by EPP, offering culturally nuanced insights into athlete well-being that extend beyond Western notions of individual happiness and success. This research provides valuable considerations for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive support systems to help athletes from diverse backgrounds navigate unprecedented disruptions to their lives and careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming implicit bias","authors":"Bengt Kayser","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}