Performance enhancement and health最新文献_第5页

Validation of the Arabic version of the performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) 阿拉伯语版绩效改进态度量表（PEAS）的验证

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100302

Maged Ossama Aly , Ayat Ashour , Nermin A. Osman , Doaa Tawfik

{"title":"Validation of the Arabic version of the performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS)","authors":"Maged Ossama Aly , Ayat Ashour , Nermin A. Osman , Doaa Tawfik","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Doping is a significant issue among athletes worldwide, not only during competitions but even more so in the preparation phase to boost their performance. Understanding athletes' attitudes toward doping is crucial for designing interventions that support anti-doping efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims at validating an Arabic version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), thereby providing a valuable tool for further doping research in Arabic-speaking countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study using a predesigned interview questionnaire to collect general characteristics data from 200 adult athletes of both sexes recruited from different sports clubs in Alexandria, Egypt. The PEAS was translated to Arabic and then back to English to ensure accuracy. The reliability of the PEAS was measured by internal consistency and split-half reliability using Cronbach's α coefficient. Construct validity was determined by factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable fit (X<sup>2</sup> = 194.196, X<sup>2</sup>/df = 4.35, SRMR = 0.068, CFI = 0.92).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The α coefficient for the Arabic version of the PEAS (17 items) was 0.872, indicating a high degree of internal consistency. The split-half reliability was 0.812.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study results show that the Arabic version of the PEAS (17 items) is a valid and reliable instrument to assess attitudes toward doping among Arabic-speaking athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Semaglutide, Testosterone and Sildenafil advertising on social media: The Normalisation of lifestyle enhancement drugs 社交媒体上的塞马鲁肽、睾酮和西地那非广告：生活方式增强药物的正常化

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100303

Mikey Hirst, Luke A. Turnock

{"title":"Semaglutide, Testosterone and Sildenafil advertising on social media: The Normalisation of lifestyle enhancement drugs","authors":"Mikey Hirst, Luke A. Turnock","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, there has been a sharp increase in advertising for the ‘prescription-only’ medicines semaglutide and testosterone on social media platforms in the UK, along with the ‘pharmacy medicine’ sexual enhancer Sildenafil. These promoted adverts appear to come from both legitimate clinics in the case of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and Sildenafil, and illicitly operating suppliers with the attempted appearance of legitimacy in the case of semaglutide. This commentary explores the extent to which the prevalent advertising of these lifestyle medicines on social media is normalising their use, and the potential harms associated with each.</div><div>For testosterone / TRT, we consider the over-medicalisation of men's general wellbeing concerns and potential harms relating to dependency if use is promoted and encouraged beyond medical need, paralleling prior observations for the sexual enhancer sildenafil. This is followed by an exploration of harms relating to black market semaglutide supply on social media to individuals who are often unaware they are not accessing legitimate pharmaceutical product, including the dangers of product contamination and substitution, as well as uninformed use linked to a lack of information on safe dosages provided by suppliers. Following these discussions, this commentary examines the potential harm reduction impacts that direct to consumer (DTC) supply of prescription medicines could have, and considers how policy could encourage these beneficial effects without further normalising or encouraging drug use in otherwise healthy individuals. However, we also note the importance of tackling prevailing cultural pressures towards lifestyle drug use and the need to address these through education and similar policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating non-medical androgen use: Towards a harm reduction paradigm 引导非医疗使用雄性激素：走向减少伤害模式

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100288

Diederik L. Smit , Tijs Verdegaal , Peter Bond , Willem de Ronde

{"title":"Navigating non-medical androgen use: Towards a harm reduction paradigm","authors":"Diederik L. Smit , Tijs Verdegaal , Peter Bond , Willem de Ronde","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-medical androgen use is on the rise, with short-term side effects being well-documented whereas long-term consequences remain less understood but are likely to entail cardiovascular illness and permanent endocrine disruptions. Current educational initiatives are falling short in curbing this significant increase, signaling the need for a different approach. In this context, harm reduction emerges as a promising secondary prevention strategy. The key principles of the harm reduction approach outlined in this article emphasize educating individuals about side effects, limiting androgen use, and monitoring health closely. Successful implementation of this strategy hinges upon healthcare providers possessing expertise in the field, fostering non-judgmental interpersonal relationships, and securing cooperation of the athlete. The efficacy of this strategy will be rigorously evaluated in the HARNAS trial, comparing its outcomes with those of a historical control group. The findings from this trial are anticipated to be published in the coming years, shedding light on the effectiveness of this pioneering approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influencers and ‘brain building’ smart drugs: A content analysis of services and market activities of nootropic influencers over social media 影响者与 "健脑 "智能药物：对社交媒体上营养学影响者的服务和市场活动的内容分析

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100289

Luke Cox , Tim Piatkowski

{"title":"Influencers and ‘brain building’ smart drugs: A content analysis of services and market activities of nootropic influencers over social media","authors":"Luke Cox , Tim Piatkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nootropics are a range of substances used to improve memory, learning, cognition, and brain function. Based on their potential as enhancement drugs, nootropics have gained popularity in society and are extensively propagated via social media. However, there is currently no research focusing on the role that social media influencers play within the nootropic market.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This investigation sought to identify social media influencers who discuss nootropics, explore the services they offer and further investigate how this cohort influences their followers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Ethnographic observations were conducted of YouTube and Instagram over a period of six months and subjected to an iterative inductive approach. Drawing on the theory of social power, which is the ability of an individual or group to influence another person's psychological or behavioral aspects, we examine how influencers shape follower perceptions related to nootropics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nootropic influencers discussed the use of various nootropics and provided a range of services, including discount codes to purchase nootropics, and sold protocols and user guides. To attract followers, gain content views, and generate income, nootropic influencers exert and rely upon informational, expert, reward, and referent power to gain traction online and influence their audience. This is primarily achieved through YouTube video discussions, where nootropic influencers share their insights and shape audience beliefs and behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Recommendations</h3><div>Recognizing the health complications associated with nootropics, alongside the power held by nootropic influencers, we argue that harm reduction efforts ought to be developed to combat the increasing use of such substances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Enhanced Games: Prohibition, harm reduction & the future of sport 强化运动会：禁酒、减少伤害和体育的未来

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100295

Luke A. Turnock

{"title":"The Enhanced Games: Prohibition, harm reduction & the future of sport","authors":"Luke A. Turnock","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enhanced Games (TEG) has generated significant discussion around doping in sport, with reference to notions of athlete harm, ‘fairness’, and the normalisation of IPED use. This commentary draws on Richardson (2024) in unpacking each of these elements in turn, to offer an overview of the potential positives TEG can offer our understanding of anti-doping in sport.</div><div>TEG frames itself around athlete health rather than prohibitionist policies. This commentary unpacks the limits to anti-doping as a form of prohibition, and explores how harm reduction policies may be beneficial to prioritise in the sporting realm if we are concerned with athlete health, reflecting developments in our understanding of drug policy in the non-sporting world.</div><div>The commentary then unpacks ideas of ‘fairness’ in sport, and critiques the notion of the ‘level playing field’. This is followed by discussion of therapeutic and medical use of IPEDs, and some of the inconsistencies and limitations relating to TUEs at present. A discussion of technological enhancement, centred around the polyurethane swimsuit controversy, equipped powerlifting and para athletes then points to further opportunities for TEG to explore.</div><div>Following this, the extent to which TEG might normalise IPED use in comparison to other factors such as social media and aesthetics culture is considered, with counter-evidence relating to the harms that stigmatising IPED use presents also developed.</div><div>To conclude, this commentary suggests that TEG offers a real opportunity for us to examine how doping and anti-doping policy operate and are conceptualised, and offers a positive appraisal of the potential for this controversial proposed Games.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"12 4","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The enhanced games or enhancing harm? 加强游戏还是加强伤害？

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100298

Dr. Conor Heffernan (Lecturer)

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Pain management in elite sport: A doping problem, a public health ethics issue, or both? 精英体育运动中的疼痛管理：兴奋剂问题、公共卫生伦理问题，还是两者兼而有之？

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100301

Thomas Zandonai , Silvia Camporesi

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Enhancing autonomy through the ‘Enhanced Games’ 通过 "强化运动会 "提高自主性

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100296

Luke Thomas Joseph Cox , Timothy Piatkowski

引用次数: 0

Testosterone replacement as a way to approach anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence; a critical appraisal 将睾酮替代作为解决合成代谢雄激素类固醇依赖问题的一种方法；一项重要评估

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100292

Willem de Ronde , Joel van Os , Tijs Verdegaal , Peter Bond , Diederik L. Smit

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“My body is my business card”: Perceptions about nutrition, body appreciation, and eating disorders among female professional dancers “我的身体是我的名片”：女性职业舞者对营养、身体欣赏和饮食失调的看法

IF 2.9

Performance enhancement and health Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100299

Iris Dechechi Batista, Érika Arantes de Oliveira-Cardoso, Manoel Antonio dos Santos

{"title":"“My body is my business card”: Perceptions about nutrition, body appreciation, and eating disorders among female professional dancers","authors":"Iris Dechechi Batista, Érika Arantes de Oliveira-Cardoso, Manoel Antonio dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate perceptions about nutrition, body appreciation, and eating disorders (EDs) among female professional dancers as they are a group at increased risk of developing EDs and body dissatisfaction. Ten Brazilian participants were interviewed and assessed through a socio-demographic questionnaire. The transcriptions of the interviews were further analyzed using the Reflective Thematic Analysis technique, which encompassed three themes: (1) Attitudes Toward Nutrition, (2) Perceptions of the Body within Dance, and (3) Psychological Impacts of the Dance Environment. The reports indicate the overvaluation of a lean body in the professional dance environment. Teachers and choreographers were seen as important figures in the development trajectory of dancers. Puberty emerged as the most sensitive period of pressure to fit into the dance aesthetic standard. Implementing educational and preventive strategies to alleviate potential harm caused by the demanding and socially pressured environment of professional dance, particularly concerning body image, weight, and shape are suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0