Performance enhancement and health最新文献

{"title":"A scoping review of research about women in sport: A perspective from the island of Ireland","authors":"Patricia C. Jackman ,&nbsp;Emma S. Cowley ,&nbsp;Niamh Ní Chéilleachair ,&nbsp;Katie Liston ,&nbsp;Mary Margaret Meade ,&nbsp;Tandy Jane Haughey ,&nbsp;Maria Faulkner ,&nbsp;Carla McCabe ,&nbsp;Niamh Kitching ,&nbsp;Brendan Egan ,&nbsp;Siobhán O'Connor ,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Wesley O'Brien ,&nbsp;Niamh Murphy ,&nbsp;Ollie Williamson ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Bird ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Gorman ,&nbsp;Angela Carlin ,&nbsp;Ciara Everard ,&nbsp;Denise Martin ,&nbsp;Aoife Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women remain under-represented in many sport settings, including as research participants. Additionally, there is often a lack of collective thinking and action across universities and the sport sector in research about women in sport, including on the island of Ireland. To support the strategic development of research within this region, we conducted a scoping review to systematically identify, analyse, and synthesise existing literature about women in sport on the island of Ireland. Following searches of electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, SocINDEX with Full Text) and manual searches up to December 2024, we included 274 peer-reviewed outputs. Research about women in sport in Ireland has grown significantly over the last five years, with 57.7 % of included studies published in print or online in the five years prior to the search (2020–2024). Following analysis of each study, we organised primary topics investigated into five main areas: injury (<em>k</em> = 86), sport performance (<em>k</em> = 72), sport, health and wellbeing (<em>k</em> = 65), society and culture (<em>k</em> = 38), and coaching and professional practice (<em>k</em> = 13). We identified numerous trends, including the dominance of cross-sectional research designs and quantitative methods, tendency to conduct research through a monodisciplinary lens, and inconsistent reporting of sex/gender in published literature. While this review highlights research priorities specific to the island of Ireland, it offers a template for other regions to replicate and some relevant learning for researchers worldwide in their respective and collective efforts to improve the experiences of women in sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives, motivations and behaviors of amateur bodybuilders regarding doping and anti-doping: A systematic review","authors":"René Paasch ,&nbsp;Gunnar Mau ,&nbsp;Oliver Korol","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review examines the perspectives, motivations, and behaviors of amateur bodybuilders regarding doping and anti-doping, with a focus on psychological, social, and motivational factors. Additionally, it identifies current research gaps in anti-doping prevention strategies for amateur athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published from 2014 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was performed in SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycArticles, and Psyndex. The review included amateur strength athletes aged 14–70 years, explicitly excluding professional athletes and elite competitors. Amateur bodybuilders were categorized as recreational or competitive, as their doping behaviors may differ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Steroid use is prevalent among amateur bodybuilders, with consumption patterns influenced by age, gender, and a lack of awareness about health risks. Key motivators include body image concerns, performance pressure, and social influence. Online communities and gym culture play a crucial role in shaping doping behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While professional athletes benefit from well-developed prevention programs, amateur athletes lack targeted anti-doping strategies. There is an urgent need for tailored educational and prevention measures for this population. Future studies should prioritize psychosocial factors influencing doping in amateur bodybuilding to enhance intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between types of anabolic androgenic steroids and growth hormone and adverse effects: Insights from a male cohort study","authors":"Morgan Scarth ,&nbsp;Rang Abdullah ,&nbsp;Vibeke Marie Almaas ,&nbsp;Astrid Bjørnebekk","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Preclinical studies suggest that different AAS compounds, as well as factors including dose and administration routes, may have distinct risks for certain adverse effects. This exploratory study aims to evaluate associations between adverse effects and use of structurally different AAS compounds and human growth hormone (hGH), as well as patterns of AAS use including dose and duration of use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 91 males reporting long-term AAS use completed comprehensive questionnaires detailing their AAS regimen and self-reported adverse effects, comprising psychological, cardiovascular, cognitive, and physical effects. Objective cardiovascular conditions were assessed using echocardiography and blood pressure measurements. Regression models were used to determine the associations between adverse effects and recent use of popular AAS compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recent use of stanozolol was linked to several adverse effects, including psychological, cognitive, and self-reported and objective cardiovascular effects. Recent use of trenbolone was also associated with reported psychological adverse effects. Physical adverse effects and dependence were correlated with higher dosages, earlier initiation age, older age and the use of multiple compounds. Notably, hGH use was associated with fewer AAS dependence symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Though exploratory, our findings highlight the need for caution when using AAS, especially stanozolol and trenbolone, given their potential links to more adverse effects than other popular AAS. Additionally, factors including dose, duration of use, and age of initiation should be considered potential risk factors for undesired effects of AAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“When I take it, it will give me the strength to work…”: Tramadol consumption, performance enhancement and the production of masculinity","authors":"Ediomo-Ubong Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of research has investigated non-medical consumption of pharmaceutical opioids in Africa, especially for performance enhancement. This literature is, however, delinked from current research on performance and image enhancement drugs (PIEDs) use, part of which has explored how PIEDs consumption is implicated in the production and reproduction of masculinities. This study merges these two literatures to explore how young men constitute masculinity through non-medical tramadol use for performance enhancement, highlighting the political-economic and socio-cultural contexts that shape and rationalize this consumption. It draws insights from the works of Judith Butler, Michel Foucault and Bruno Latour to inform analysis of 39 in-depth interviews with young men who consume tramadol non-medically in Nigeria. Accounts counter discourses of non-medical tramadol consumption that emphasize harmfulness, enacting this consumption as ‘technologies of the self’, practices through which consumers defined themselves as men. They further highlight how tramadol consumption for sexual and work performance enhancement is veridicted within its ‘modes of existence’, namely the economic conditions and cultural norms that shape how young men perform masculinity. The study questions contemporary approaches that aim to prevent the negative consequences of non-medical tramadol consumption through penalization. Although it is important to emphasize the potential negative consequences of non-medical tramadol consumption, it is equally necessary to understand that harms and benefits constitute a knot of experience, rather than mutually-exclusive phenomena. Recognizing, and attending to, the complexities of non-medical tramadol consumption invites collaborative interventions that harness the knowledge and safe consumption practices of consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing sport-acquired brain damage in children: ‘If in doubt, sit them out’ on its own is not good enough","authors":"Jack Hardwicke ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Matthews ,&nbsp;Keith Parry ,&nbsp;Melanie Lang ,&nbsp;Daniel Walker ,&nbsp;Matthew Shaw ,&nbsp;Joe Piggin ,&nbsp;Rachael Bullingham ,&nbsp;Howard T. Hurst ,&nbsp;Eric Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the cut: Investigating body image and well-being among female powerlifters","authors":"Isabella L. Tremonte ,&nbsp;Diane E. Mack ,&nbsp;Philip M. Wilson ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Sabiston","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In weight-category sports, purposeful weight loss (PWL) is often undertaken preceding a competition to gain a performance advantage at a lower body weight. Researchers investigating PWL among powerlifters have identified associations to psychological outcomes. Yet investigations considering the psychological outcomes of PWL can be expanded to include (1) broader conceptualizations of psychological concepts and (2) greater nuance for the dynamics of PWL. Moving towards addressing these research gaps, the purpose of this study was to examine body image and well-being in female powerlifters during a period of PWL surrounding competition. Using a non-experimental longitudinal design, female powerlifters (<em>N</em> = 12; <em>Mage</em> = 29.42, <em>SD</em>age = 9.23 years) self-reported body weight, body image, and well-being at five timepoints over 10 weeks. Body image was measured using the Body Appreciation Scale-2 along with a single-item indicator of shape and weight satisfaction. Well-being was measured using the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. At the time of official competition weigh-in, participants lost an average of 3.44 kg of body weight (<em>SD</em> = 1.14 kg). One pooled time series regression analysis was used per response variable (body appreciation/shape satisfaction/weight satisfaction/well-being) to test the temporal association with body weight. Body weight predicted weight satisfaction (<em>B</em> = 0.40, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and well-being (<em>B</em> = –0.19, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). It can be concluded that during a nine-week period of PWL female powerlifters reported improvements in weight satisfaction and well-being. These findings help to understand psychological outcomes for gradual weight loss practices among female powerlifters when preparing to compete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banned for doping: Using composite vignettes to portray rugby players’ experiences of anti-doping rule violations","authors":"Justin D. Hall,&nbsp;Laurie B. Patterson,&nbsp;Susan H. Backhouse","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objective:</em> Understanding the lived experiences of athletes who have been sanctioned for violating anti-doping rules presents the opportunity to listen and learn. Yet, the academic field seldom draws on the voices of those affected when considering doping in sport. Our aim was to illuminate important aspects of sanctioned athletes’ experiences and highlight opportunities for prevention and rehabilitation. <em>Design:</em> A semi-structured interview research design was used, and data informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative non-fiction. <em>Method:</em> Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two elite rugby players sanctioned for violating the anti-doping rules within rugby league (<em>n</em> = 1) and rugby union (<em>n</em> = 1). Three composite vignettes were created illuminating player experiences before, during and after the violations. <em>Findings:</em> The vignettes highlight in participants’ own words the multiple impacts of sport demands and drug use: (1) <em>Leading up to the violation: ‘You're just treading water, you're surviving’</em> (2) <em>‘There's just this massive amount of social pressure in rugby, not just on the game, but on who you're supposed to be’</em> (3) <em>‘It was like being hit by a train’. The ADRV aftermath. Conclusions:</em> The role of social identity in the transitions experienced by a rugby player following a critical incident (e.g., serious injury) was a key influencing factor for doping. Alongside addressing the demands of the sport, the need for early intervention and evidence-based support for players experiencing critical incidents (e.g., injury) and transitions was evident to prevent doping violations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media as a driver of physical activity: A snapshot from sport sciences students","authors":"Samuel López-Carril ,&nbsp;Deukmook Bae ,&nbsp;Tiago Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Mario Alguacil","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social media has become integral to daily life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these digital tools enabled people to maintain physical activity at home despite restrictions, positively impacting public health. This study examines whether the trend of using social media to support physical activity has continued post-pandemic. A questionnaire was administered to 251 university sport sciences students to gauge their perceptions of social media's role in guiding and promoting physical activity. The findings indicate that participants engage with social media daily, viewing platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok as valuable for visualizing and promoting physical activity. However, they report a lack of professional training in social media use at the university level. These results carry practical implications for health policymakers, educational institutions, faculty, students, and sport industry professionals, highlighting the importance of targeted training in social media management and the development of relevant policies to harness the potential of social media in promoting physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein powders, painkillers, and pleasure: Reasons for exercise and the use of dietary supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners","authors":"Remco C. Havermans ,&nbsp;Jos L.M.L. le Noble ,&nbsp;Ilse van Lier","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary aim of the current study was to explore associations between reasons for running exercise and the use of nutritional supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners. In a sample of 80 participants of the Venloop half marathon public running event, we determined the most important reason(s) for running exercise and assessed whether that reason is correlated with the use of analgesics and/or supplements. Further, we hypothesized that the degree of supplement use predicts the use of analgesics with running exercise. The most prominent reason for running was enjoyment and that did not correlate with either analgesic or supplement use. Overall supplement use incidence was high (93 %) but degree of supplement use did not predict the use of analgesics with exercise. We conclude that the widespread use of supplements is not analogous to using analgesics before/during a run. Nonetheless, recreational runners would benefit from more evidence-based information on safe and sensible use of both supplements and analgesics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing SPARK: A pilot study of a sport-specific, pragmatic, and athlete-centred values-based anti-doping education workshop","authors":"Andrea Petróczi ,&nbsp;Sam N Thrower ,&nbsp;Cornelia Blank","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The provision of values-based education (VbE) for elite athletes, as required by WADA's International Standard for Education, presents challenges which are related to the developmental stage of learners, delivery methods, content design, and resource availability. To address these challenges, we developed and piloted SPARK, a 90-minute, evidence-based, in-person workshop for elite athletes. SPARK combines value-education and values-based education to enhance athletes' awareness of personal values, sensemaking, and decision-making autonomy, complementing anti-doping education. This pilot study included two international groups of young elite biathletes (54 in 2023 and 51 in 2024). Standardized evaluations were conducted pre- and post-intervention (<em>n</em> = 19 and <em>n</em> = 10, respectively), with feedback collected from 48 athletes. Paired pre- and post-workshop assessments demonstrated effect sizes ranging from small (i.e., noticeable) to medium (i.e., practically meaningful) in self-awareness of value priorities (d=0.37, p=0.06), efficacy in processing and managing personal and societal values (d=0.39, p=0.04), handling value conflicts (d=0.37, p=0.06), and using personal values to guide decision-making about sport and performance enhancement (d=0.42, p=0.03). Results suggest SPARK is feasible, effective, and well-received by athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}