Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences最新文献_第5页

Atmospheric sounding using Earth-based occultations. 利用地球掩星进行大气探测。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0195

Therese Encrenaz, Bruno Sicardy, Françoise Roques, Athena Coustenis

{"title":"Atmospheric sounding using Earth-based occultations.","authors":"Therese Encrenaz, Bruno Sicardy, Françoise Roques, Athena Coustenis","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0195","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of Earth-based stellar occultations by solar system planets and satellites has been used for decades to retrieve information on the physical properties of their atmospheres. From the variations of the stellar flux during ingress and egress and, in some favourable cases, from the central flash, one can infer the vertical density, pressure and temperature profiles around the half-light level (typically in the range of a few μbars), as well as zonal wind regimes and the presence of hazes. Earth-based occultations have been successfully applied to all planets and satellites surrounded by an atmosphere, and have delivered unique and significant information that are often complementary to the results obtained by planetary space missions. The great improvement of the stellar catalogues provided by the Gaia astrometric space mission has drastically enlarged the capabilities of the stellar occultation method, which appears especially promising for probing the tenuous atmospheres of distant objects of the solar system.This article is part of the theme issue 'Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2291","pages":"20240195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Galaxy clusters as probes of cosmic isotropy. 星系团作为宇宙各向同性的探测器。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0030

Konstantinos Migkas

{"title":"Galaxy clusters as probes of cosmic isotropy.","authors":"Konstantinos Migkas","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Scaling relations of galaxy clusters are a powerful probe of cosmic isotropy in the late Universe. Owing to their strong cosmological dependence, galaxy cluster scaling relations can obtain tight constraints on the spatial variation of cosmological parameters, such as the Hubble constant ([Formula: see text]), and detect large-scale bulk flow motions. Such tests are crucial to scrutinise the validity of [Formula: see text]CDM in the local Universe and determine at what cosmic scales (if any) extra-galactic objects converge to isotropy within the cosmic microwave background rest frame. This review describes the methodology for conducting cosmic isotropy tests with cluster scaling relations and examines possible systematic biases. We also discuss the results of past studies that reported statistically significant observed anisotropies in the local Universe. Finally, we explore the future potential of cluster scaling relations as a cosmic isotropy probe given the large amount of multi-wavelength cluster data expected in the near future.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The ISW puzzle. ISW之谜。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0026

Istvan Szapudi

{"title":"The ISW puzzle.","authors":"Istvan Szapudi","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect from stacking cosmic microwave background (CMB) images of superclusters and voids persists as a challenge to the concordance [Formula: see text]CDM paradigm. The signal is 4-5 times the expectation. The CMB Cold Spot (CS), the most significant CMB anomaly, resulted in the discovery of the Eridanus supervoid, one of the most enormous known structures. Bayesian statistics and a later Dark Energy Survey (DES) analysis suggest it is responsible for the CS, consistent with the observed fourfold enhancement over concordance predictions. These results motivate the average expansion rate approximation (AvERA) model, tracking coarse-grained inhomogeneities in an N-body simulation. The AvERA expansion history provides a 'late solution' to the Hubble-constant tension with emerging curvature taking the role of Dark Energy, is consistent with all principal CMB and large-scale structure measurements, and solves the ISW puzzle. In addition, it predicts a sign reversal of the ISW effect that has been recently confirmed, albeit at a moderate significance, with eBOSS quasars. Deep and wide galaxy surveys, such as Euclid, will soon confirm or refute the 'late complexity' indicated by the ISW sign reversal, increase the overall statistical significance of the findings and settle whether the ISW puzzle necessitates any significant modification to the concordance [Formula: see text]CDM paradigm.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ellis-Baldwin test. 埃利斯-鲍德温测试。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0027

Nathan J Secrest

{"title":"The Ellis-Baldwin test.","authors":"Nathan J Secrest","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0027","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0027","url":null,"abstract":"The standard cosmological model ΛCDM is described by the Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, which requires that the universe be isotropic and homogeneous on large scales, an assumption called the Cosmological Principle. If this assumption is accurate, then the dipole anisotropy observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) corresponds to our motion with respect to large-scale structure at approximately 370 km s-1, which can be tested by measuring the corresponding dipole predicted in counts of cosmologically distant sources. This consistency test, first proposed in 1984 by Ellis & Baldwin, became possible in the twenty-first century with the advent of large catalogues of radio sources and quasars. Subsequent Ellis-Baldwin tests have consistently shown an anomalously large dipole, two to three times larger than predicted by the kinematic interpretation of the CMB dipole, which has recently reached a statistical significance of over [Formula: see text]. In these proceedings, I review the Ellis-Baldwin test, the key results that revealed this anomaly, and comment on the status of research on this problem, which threatens a foundational assumption underpinning FLRW-based cosmologies such as ΛCDM.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the growth of structure over cosmic time with cosmic microwave background lensing. 用宇宙微波背景透镜评估结构在宇宙时间上的增长。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0025

Mathew S Madhavacheril

引用次数: 0

Challenges to the [Formula: see text]CDM cosmology. CDM宇宙学面临的挑战。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0022

George Efstathiou

引用次数: 0

Investigating ultra-large large-scale structures: potential implications for cosmology. 研究超大规模结构：对宇宙学的潜在影响。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0029

Alexia M Lopez, Roger Clowes, Gerard Williger

{"title":"Investigating ultra-large large-scale structures: potential implications for cosmology.","authors":"Alexia M Lopez, Roger Clowes, Gerard Williger","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale structure (LSS) studies in cosmology map and analyse matter in the Universe on the largest scales. Understanding LSSs can provide observational support for the cosmological principle (CP) and the standard cosmological model ([Formula: see text]CDM). In recent years, many discoveries have been made of LSSs that are so large that they become difficult to understand within [Formula: see text]CDM. Reasons for this are that they potentially challenge the CP (i.e. the scale of homogeneity) and their formation and origin are not fully understood. In this article, we review two recent LSS discoveries: the Giant Arc (GA, approx. 1 Gpc) and the Big Ring (BR, approx. 400 Mpc). Both structures are in the same cosmological neighbourhood-at the same redshift ([Formula: see text]) and with a separation on the sky of approximately only [Formula: see text]. Both structures exceed the often-cited scale of homogeneity (Yadav+ 2010), so individually and together, these two intriguing structures raise more questions for the validity of the CP and potentially hint at new physics beyond the standard model. The GA and BR were discovered using a novel method of mapping faint matter at intermediate redshifts, interpreted from the Mg II absorption doublets seen in the spectra of background quasars.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future directions in cosmology. 宇宙学的未来方向。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0035

N Palanque-Delabrouille

引用次数: 0

Anisotropy in the cosmic acceleration inferred from supernovae. 从超新星推断宇宙加速度的各向异性。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0032

Mohamed Rameez

{"title":"Anisotropy in the cosmic acceleration inferred from supernovae.","authors":"Mohamed Rameez","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Under the assumption that they are standard(izable) candles, the lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae have been analysed in the framework of the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmology to conclude that the expansion rate of the Universe is accelerating due to dark energy. While the original claims in the late 1990s were made using overlapping samples of less than 100 supernovae in total, catalogues of nearly 2000 supernovae are now available. In light of recent developments such as the cosmic dipole anomaly and the larger-than-expected bulk flow in the local Universe (which does not converge to the Cosmic Rest Frame), we analyse the newer datasets using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator and find that the acceleration of the expansion rate of the Universe is unequivocally anisotropic. The associated debate in the literature highlights the artifices of using supernovae as standardizable candles, while also providing deeper insights into a consistent relativistic view of peculiar motions as departures from the Hubble expansion of the Universe. The effects of our being 'tilted observers' embedded in a deep bulk flow may have been mistaken for cosmic acceleration.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Could sample variance be responsible for the parity-violating signal seen in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey? 重子振荡光谱巡天中出现的违反奇偶校验的信号是否与样本差异有关？

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0034

O H E Philcox, J Ereza

{"title":"Could sample variance be responsible for the parity-violating signal seen in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey?","authors":"O H E Philcox, J Ereza","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Recent works have uncovered an excess signal in the parity-odd four-point correlation function measured from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) galaxy catalogue. If physical in origin, this could indicate new parity-breaking processes in inflation. At heart, these studies compare the observed four-point correlator with the distribution obtained from parity-conserving mock galaxy surveys; if the simulations underestimate the covariance of the data, noise fluctuations may be misinterpreted as a signal. To test this, we reanalyse the BOSS CMASS parity-odd dataset with the noise distribution model using the newly developed GLAM-Uchuu suite of mocks. These comprise full [Formula: see text]-body simulations that follow the evolution of [Formula: see text] dark matter particles and represent a significant upgrade compared with the formerly used MultiDark-Patchy mocks, which were based on an alternative (non [Formula: see text]-body) gravity solver. We find no significant evidence for parity-violation (with a baseline detection significance of [Formula: see text]), suggesting that the former signal ([Formula: see text] with our data cuts) could be caused by an underestimation of the covariance in MultiDark-Patchy. The significant differences between results obtained with the two sets of BOSS-calibrated galaxy catalogues (whose covariances differ at the [Formula: see text] level) showcase the heightened sensitivity of beyond-two-point analyses to nonlinear effects and indicate that previous constraints may suffer from large systematic uncertainties.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Challenging the standard cosmological model'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2290","pages":"20240034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0