Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences最新文献_第10页

Challenges and opportunities for time-delay cosmography with multi-messenger gravitational lensing. 多信使引力透镜延时宇宙学的挑战与机遇。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0130

Simon Birrer, Graham P Smith, Anowar J Shajib, Dan Ryczanowski, Nikki Arendse

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for time-delay cosmography with multi-messenger gravitational lensing.","authors":"Simon Birrer, Graham P Smith, Anowar J Shajib, Dan Ryczanowski, Nikki Arendse","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Strong gravitational lensing of variable sources, such as quasars or supernovae, can be used to constrain cosmological parameters through a technique known as 'time-delay cosmography'. Competitive constraints on the Hubble constant have been achieved with electromagnetic (EM) observations of lensed quasars and lensed supernovae. Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy may open up a new channel for time-delay cosmography with GW signal replacing the EM one. We highlight the similarities of using GW signals to be applied to time-delay cosmography compared with EM signal. We then discuss key differences between GW and EM signals and their resulting advantages and inconveniences from the angle of the current state-of-the-art using quasars and lensed supernovae for time-delay cosmography. We identify the astrometric precision requirement of the images as a key challenge to overcome and highlight the potentially significant impact that near-perfect time-delay measurements of lensed GWs can bring to the table.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A follow-up strategy enabling discovery of electromagnetic counterparts to highly magnified gravitationally lensed gravitational waves. 一种后续策略，可以发现高度放大的引力透镜引力波的电磁对应物。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0118

Dan Ryczanowski, Jeff Cooke, James Freeburn, Benjamin Gompertz, Christopher Paul Haines, Matt Nicholl, Graham Smith, Natasha Van Bemmel, Jielai Zhang

{"title":"A follow-up strategy enabling discovery of electromagnetic counterparts to highly magnified gravitationally lensed gravitational waves.","authors":"Dan Ryczanowski, Jeff Cooke, James Freeburn, Benjamin Gompertz, Christopher Paul Haines, Matt Nicholl, Graham Smith, Natasha Van Bemmel, Jielai Zhang","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"Making an unambiguous detection of lensed gravitational waves (GWs) is challenging with current-generation detectors due to large uncertainties in sky localizations and other inferred parameter distributions. However, in the case of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, this challenge can be overcome by detecting multiple images of its lensed kilonova (KN) counterpart, simultaneously confirming the lensing nature of the event and locating it precisely-further enabling a wealth of lensed multi-messenger science. Such a strategy demands answers to two key problems: (i) How can candidate lensed BNS events be identified fast enough to ensure the lensed KN is still detectable? (ii) What is the most economical observing strategy on telescope time for following up candidate lensed events to discover lensed KNe? In this article we discuss solutions to both points, specifically how GW detections of progenitors in the approximately 2.5-5 [Formula: see text] black hole 'mass gap' can be interpreted as candidate lensed BNS events, giving evidence for lensing from just a single detection, and we present a strategy that can actively be employed for follow-up of such events in the O4 run of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) and beyond.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kilonova simulations: connecting observations with the underlying physics. Kilonova模拟：将观测与基础物理联系起来。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0119

Christine Collins, Luke Shingles, Vimal Vijayan

{"title":"Kilonova simulations: connecting observations with the underlying physics.","authors":"Christine Collins, Luke Shingles, Vimal Vijayan","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0119","url":null,"abstract":"Kilonova observations contain information about heavy-element r-process nucleosynthesis and the behaviour of high-density matter. However, interpreting what these observations tell us about the underlying physics requires detailed modelling. We outline recent kilonova radiative transfer simulations that are based on hydrodynamical models of neutron star merger ejecta. The simulated spectra in the polar directions show a remarkably similar evolution to the observations of AT2017gfo. Using these simulations, we show the importance of accurate atomic data for kilonova modelling, as well as the importance of three-dimensional simulations. By improving radiative transfer simulations and by extending this study to consider a range of theoretical equations of state, simulations will be able to connect observations to the underlying merger physics and place constraints on the high-density equation of state and r-process nucleosynthesis.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Properties of neural networks identifying strongly lensed gravitational waves in time domain. 神经网络识别时域强透镜引力波的特性。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0169

Arthur Offermans, Tjonnie G F Li

引用次数: 0

False positives in gravitational wave campaigns: the electromagnetic perspective. 引力波运动中的误报：电磁视角。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0120

Samantha Oates

{"title":"False positives in gravitational wave campaigns: the electromagnetic perspective.","authors":"Samantha Oates","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0120","url":null,"abstract":"The gamma-ray burst, 170817A, and kilonova, AT2017gfo, are so far the only secure electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to a gravitational wave (GW) signal (GW170817). Further associations are required to obtain a clear understanding of these compact binary mergers, including their formation and their contribution to the production of heavy elements in the Universe. With the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run currently underway, the hunt is on to find further EM counterparts to GW signals. However, GW localizations are large, typically tens to hundreds of square degrees. Finding the EM counterpart is not an easy task, given that within these areas, there will be a number of IR/optical/UV transient sources that are detected serendipitously and that are not necessarily related to the GW. Understanding how the light from these false positives evolves with time is important to rapidly confirm or rule out their association with the GW trigger. In this review, I discuss the steps involved in searching for the EM counterpart of a GW event, the false positives and how they can be quickly ruled out and why false positives are of interest even though they are contaminants to the GW-EM community.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 1)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2294","pages":"20240120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gravitational lensing in gamma-ray bursts. 伽马射线暴中的引力透镜效应。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0122

Andrew J Levan, Benjamin P Gompertz, Graham P Smith, Maria Edvige Ravasio, Gavin Lamb, Nial R Tanvir

{"title":"Gravitational lensing in gamma-ray bursts.","authors":"Andrew J Levan, Benjamin P Gompertz, Graham P Smith, Maria Edvige Ravasio, Gavin Lamb, Nial R Tanvir","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0122","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitationally lensed gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer critical advantages over other lensed sources. They can be detected via continuously operating detectors covering most of the sky. They offer extremely high time resolution to determine lensing delays and find short time delays accurately. They are detectable across most of the visible Universe. However, they are also rare and frequently poorly localized. In this article, we review searches for gravitational lensing in GRBs and comment on promising avenues for the future. We note that the highly structured jets in GRBs can show variations on sufficiently small scales that, unlike lensing of most transient sources, gravitational lensing in GRBs may not be achromatic. Such behaviour would weaken the stringent requirements for identifying lensed bursts but would also make robust identification of lensing more challenging. A continuously running search that could identify candidate lensed events in near real-time would enable afterglow searches with current and near-future wide-field optical/infrared surveys that could yield the first unambiguous detection of a lensed GRB. The new generation of sensitive X-ray and γ-ray detectors, such as the Einstein Probe and SVOM, will complement Swift and significantly enhance the number of well-localized γ-ray and X-ray transients. Tuned strategies could dramatically improve the probability of observing a lensed GRB.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 1)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2294","pages":"20240122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

lenscat: a public and community-contributed catalogue of known strong gravitational lenses. Lenscat：一个公众和社区贡献的已知强引力透镜目录。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0168

L Vujeva, R K L Lo, J M Ezquiaga, J C L Chan

{"title":"lenscat: a public and community-contributed catalogue of known strong gravitational lenses.","authors":"L Vujeva, R K L Lo, J M Ezquiaga, J C L Chan","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0168","url":null,"abstract":"We present lenscat, a public and community-contributed catalogue of strong gravitational lenses found by electromagnetic surveys. The main objective of lenscat is to compile a simple, easy-to-access catalogue that can be used in a variety of lensing studies, such as facilitating the search for the host galaxy of a candidate strongly lensed transient event. We also provide a Python package to interact with tools commonly used by the community. This allows end users both with and without lensing expertise to obtain a list of known strong lenses within a given search area and to also rank them by their respective searched probabilities. Here, we exemplify this by cross-matching the gravitational wave joint sky localization region of an interesting pair of events, GW170104-GW170814. Other examples including cross-matching short gamma-ray bursts are given. Thanks to the open and simple infrastructure of lenscat, members of the lensing community can directly add newly found lenses from their own studies to help create a long-lasting catalogue that is as exhaustive and accessible as possible.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 1)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2294","pages":"20240168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational waves: review and lessons learned. 引力波的电磁跟踪：回顾和经验教训。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0126

Matt Nicholl, Igor Andreoni

{"title":"Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational waves: review and lessons learned.","authors":"Matt Nicholl, Igor Andreoni","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0126","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has provided a new tool to study the Universe, with the scientific return enriched when combined with established probes: electromagnetic (EM) radiation and energetic particles. Since the groundbreaking detection in 2017 of merging neutron stars producing GW emission, a gamma-ray burst and an optical 'kilonova', the field has grown rapidly. At present, no additional neutron star mergers have been jointly detected in GW and EM radiation, but with upgrades in EM and GW facilities now is a chance to take stock of almost a decade of observations. We discuss the motivations for following up GW sources and the basic challenges of searching large areas for a rapidly evolving EM signal. We examine how the kilonova counterpart to GW170817 was discovered and the association confirmed, and outline some of the key physics enabled by this discovery. We then review the status of EM searches since 2017, highlighting areas where more information (in GW alerts or catalogs) can improve efficiency, and discuss what we have learned about kilonovae despite the lack of further multi-messenger detections. We discuss upcoming facilities and the many lessons learned, considering also how these could inform searches for lensed mergers.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 1)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2294","pages":"20240126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface to theme issue about multi-messenger gravitational lensing. 多信使引力透镜主题问题前言。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0133

Graham P Smith, Martin A Hendry, Federica Bianco

引用次数: 0

Fast radio bursts and the radio perspective on multi-messenger gravitational lensing. 快速射电暴和多信使引力透镜的射电视角。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0121

Inés Pastor-Marazuela

{"title":"Fast radio bursts and the radio perspective on multi-messenger gravitational lensing.","authors":"Inés Pastor-Marazuela","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0121","url":null,"abstract":"Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic millisecond-duration radio transients whose nature remains unknown. The advent of numerous facilities conducting dedicated FRB searches has dramatically revolutionized the field: hundreds of new bursts have been detected, and some are now known to repeat. Using interferometry, it is now possible to localize FRBs to their host galaxies, opening up new avenues for using FRBs as astrophysical probes. One promising application is studying gravitationally lensed FRBs. This review outlines the requirements for identifying a lensed FRB, taking into account their propagation effects and the importance of capturing the amplitude and phase of the signal. It also explores the different lens masses that could be probed with FRBs throughout the duration of an FRB survey, from stellar masses to individual galaxies. This highlights the unique cosmological applications of gravitationally lensed FRBs, including measurements of the Hubble constant and the compact object content of dark matter. Finally, we discuss future radio interferometers and the prospects for finding gravitationally lensed FRBs.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 1)'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2294","pages":"20240121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0