Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Correction to 'Magnetic signals from oceanic tides: new satellite observations and applications'.","authors":"Alexander Grayver, Christopher C Finlay, Nils Olsen","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2025.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2025.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2296","pages":"20250045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental physics, existential risks and human futures.","authors":"Adrian Kent","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 25 years, I have been involved in some intriguing developments in the foundations of physics, exploring the quantum reality problem, the relationship between quantum theory and gravity and the interplay between consciousness and physical laws. These investigations make it plausible that we will find physics beyond quantum theory, potentially including both new evolution laws and new types of measurement. There is also a significant chance they could have a potentially transformative impact on information processing and on the development of and our future with AI.This article is part of the theme issue 'Science into the next millennium: 25 years on'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2296","pages":"20230376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to the theme issue 'Science into the next millennium: 25 years on'.","authors":"John Dainton","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2296","pages":"20230385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz frequency electronics and photonics: materials and devices.","authors":"Joshua Freeman, Edmund Linfield, Alexander Giles Davies","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The terahertz frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum sits at the interface of electronics and optics, lying between the microwave and infrared (IR) spectral regions. Although there are significant challenges to access, understand and exploit this distinctive region of the spectrum, there are immense benefits in its exploration for both discovery- and challenge-led research, from fundamental studies of laser operation through to the development of new spectroscopy instrumentation. The last 25 years has witnessed remarkable efforts to advance the field of terahertz science and engineering, and this is the subject of this article. Advances in the growth of precisely layered semiconductor materials have enabled a number of new terahertz device technologies, including high-performance quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and quantum well photodetectors. Recent advances have included the use of thin magnetic films for efficient terahertz generation. We also review the increasing interest in contemporary two-dimensional (2D) materials for terahertz optoelectronic devices. New materials including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides and novel semi-metals have shown promise as highly efficient terahertz radiation detectors and modulators. Finally, we summarize the challenges which still exist in the field of terahertz electronics and photonics, and how new materials and new device technologies might meet these challenges.This article is part of the theme issue 'Science into the next millennium: 25 years on'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2296","pages":"20230378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational lensing: towards combining the multi-messengers.","authors":"Anupreeta More, Hemanta Phurailatpam","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The next generation of gravitational wave (GW) detectors and electromagnetic telescopes are beckoning the onset of the multi-messenger era and the exciting science that lies ahead. Multi-messenger strong gravitational lensing will help probe some of the most important questions of the Universe in an unprecedented manner. In particular, understanding the nature of GW sources, the underlying physical processes and mechanisms that produce emissions well before or right until the time of the merger, their associations to the seemingly distinct populations of gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts and kilonovae. Not to mention the fact that multi-messenger lensing will offer unique probes of test of gravity models and constraints on cosmological parameters complementary to other probes. Enabling multi-messenger science calls for concerted follow-up efforts and the development of new and shared resources in the community.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong gravitational lenses from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.","authors":"Anowar J Shajib, Graham P Smith, Simon Birrer, Aprajita Verma, Nikki Arendse, Thomas Collett, Tansu Daylan, Stephen Serjeant","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like many areas of astrophysics and cosmology, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will be transformational for almost all the applications of strong lensing, thanks to the dramatic increase in the number of known strong lenses by two orders of magnitude or more and the readily available time-domain data for the lenses with transient sources. In this article, we provide an overview of the forecasted number of discovered lenses of different types and describe the primary science cases these large lens samples will enable. We provide an updated forecast on the joint constraint for the dark energy equation-of-state parameters, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], from combining all strong-lensing probes of dark energy. We update the previous forecast from the Rubin Observatory Dark Energy Science Collaboration's Science Review Document by adding two new crucial strong-lensing samples: lensed type Ia supernovae and single-deflector lenses with measured stellar kinematics. Finally, we describe the current and near-future activities and collaborative efforts within the strong-lensing community in preparation for the arrival of the first real dataset from Rubin in 2026.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial note.","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False positives for gravitational lensing: the gravitational-wave perspective.","authors":"David Keitel","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the first detection of a novel astrophysical phenomenon, scientific standards are particularly high. Especially in a multi-messenger context, there are also opportunity costs to follow-up observations on any detection claims. So in searching for the still-elusive lensed gravitational waves (GWs), care needs to be taken in controlling false positives. In particular, many methods for identifying strong lensing rely on some form of parameter similarity or waveform consistency, which under rapidly growing catalogue sizes can expose them to false positives from coincident but unlensed events if proper care is not taken. Searches for waveform deformations in all lensing regimes are subject to degeneracies; we need to mitigate between lensing, intrinsic parameters, insufficiently modelled effects such as orbital eccentricity, or even deviations from general relativity. Robust lensing studies also require understanding and mitigation of glitches and non-stationarities in the detector data. This article reviews sources of possible false positives (and their flip side: false negatives) in GW lensing searches and the main approaches the community is pursuing to mitigate them.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-messenger gravitational lensing.","authors":"Graham P Smith, Tessa Baker, Simon Birrer, Christine E Collins, Jose Maria Ezquiaga, Srashti Goyal, Otto A Hannuksela, Phurailatpam Hemanta, Martin A Hendry, Justin Janquart, David Keitel, Andrew J Levan, Rico K L Lo, Anupreeta More, Matt Nicholl, Inés Pastor-Marazuela, Andrés I Ponte Pérez, Helena Ubach, Laura E Uronen, Mick Wright, Miguel Zumalacarregui, Federica Bianco, Mesut Çalişkan, Juno C L Chan, Elena Colangeli, Benjamin P Gompertz, Christopher P Haines, Erin E Hayes, Bin Hu, Gavin P Lamb, Anna Liu, Soheb Mandhai, Harsh Narola, Quynh Lan Nguyen, Jason S C Poon, Dan Ryczanowski, Eungwang Seo, Anowar J Shajib, Xikai Shan, Nial Tanvir, Luka Vujeva","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce the rapidly emerging field of multi-messenger gravitational lensing-the discovery and science of gravitationally lensed phenomena in the distant universe through the combination of multiple messengers. This is framed by gravitational lensing phenomenology that has grown since the first discoveries in the twentieth century, messengers that span 30 orders of magnitude in energy from high-energy neutrinos to gravitational waves, and powerful 'survey facilities' that are capable of continually scanning the sky for transient and variable sources. Within this context, the main focus is on discoveries and science that are feasible in the next 5-10 years with current and imminent technology including the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network of gravitational wave detectors, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and contemporaneous gamma/X-ray satellites and radio surveys. The scientific impact of even one multi-messenger gravitational lensing discovery will be transformational and reach across fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. We describe these scientific opportunities and the key challenges along the path to achieving them. This article therefore describes the consensus that emerged at the eponymous Theo Murphy meeting in March 2024, and also serves as an introduction to this Theo Murphy meeting issue.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational-wave lensing detection.","authors":"Otto Akseli Hannuksela","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General relativity (GW) postulates that gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by intervening massive astrophysical objects, such as galaxies, black holes and stars. The gravitational lensing effect could magnify, split or distort the original waves. Motivated by the Manchester Multimessenger lensing conference discussion, I introduce an overview of these lensing signatures and briefly discuss strategies for detecting them, focusing on compact binary merger sources and the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector network. This discussion is qualitative rather than quantitative, aimed at helping non-experts understand the general strategies used to detect gravitational-wave lensing. We refer to the numerous publications on the topic for the technical details.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2295","pages":"20240129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}