Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences最新文献_第8页

Editorial: new Editor-in-Chief and the 360th anniversary of Philosophical Transactions. 社论：新主编与《哲学学报》360周年纪念。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0557

C Richard A Catlow

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Protected memristive implementations of cryptographic functions. 加密函数的受保护记忆实现。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0389

Ziang Chen, Li-Wei Chen, Xianyue Zhao, Kefeng Li, Heidemarie Schmidt, Ilia Polian, Nan Du

{"title":"Protected memristive implementations of cryptographic functions.","authors":"Ziang Chen, Li-Wei Chen, Xianyue Zhao, Kefeng Li, Heidemarie Schmidt, Ilia Polian, Nan Du","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0389","url":null,"abstract":"Memristive technology mitigates the memory wall issue in von Neumann architectures by enabling in-memory data processing. Unlike traditional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, memristors provide a new paradigm for implementing cryptographic functions and security considerations. While prior research explores memristors for cryptographic functions and side-channel attack vulnerabilities, our study uniquely addresses memristor-oriented countermeasures. We review different memristive crossbar configurations, implement a four-bit S-box cryptographic function, and analyse memristor-oriented hiding and masking techniques using a self-rectifying passive crossbar. Our findings confirm the efficacy of memristor-oriented hiding techniques but highlight limitations in memristor-oriented masked dual-rail pre-charge logic (MDPL) masking methods. Effective MDPL masking depends on specific power consumption conditions, i.e. the power profile of input data '01' and '10' are not clearly distinguishable from '00' and '11', which, however, are not satisfied across various memristive logic families. Despite passing t-tests, xor4Sbox with CRS-based MDPL masking failed stochastic approaches owing to power consumption differences. Our study prioritizes memristor-oriented countermeasures, advancing the understanding of challenges and opportunities in memristive technology for cryptographic functions.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The show must go on: a reliability assessment platform for resistive random access memory crossbars. 一个电阻式随机存取存储器横条的可靠性评估平台必须继续下去。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0387

Rebecca Pelke, Felix Staudigl, Niklas Thomas, Mohammed Hossein, Nils Bosbach, José Cubero-Cascante, Rainer Leupers, Jan Moritz Joseph

{"title":"The show must go on: a reliability assessment platform for resistive random access memory crossbars.","authors":"Rebecca Pelke, Felix Staudigl, Niklas Thomas, Mohammed Hossein, Nils Bosbach, José Cubero-Cascante, Rainer Leupers, Jan Moritz Joseph","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0387","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) holds promise for building computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures to execute machine learning (ML) applications. However, existing ReRAM technology faces challenges such as cell and cycle variability, read-disturb and limited endurance, necessitating improvements in devices, algorithms and applications. Understanding the behaviour of ReRAM technologies is crucial for advancement. Existing platforms can either only characterize single cells and do not support CIM operations, or lack a comprehensive software stack for simple system integration. This article introduces NeuroBreakoutBoard (NBB), a versatile, integrable and portable instrumentation platform for ReRAM crossbars. The platform features a software stack enabling experiments via Python from a host PC. In a case study, we demonstrate the capabilities of NBB by conducting diverse experiments on TiN/Ti/HfO2/TiN cells. Our results show that NBB can characterize individual cells and perform CIM operations with a relative measurement error below 2%.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-memory encryption using the advanced encryption standard. 使用高级加密标准的内存加密。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0396

Tobias Kovats, Navaneeth Rameshan, Kumudu Geethan Karunaratne, Iason Giannopoulos, Abu Sebastian

{"title":"In-memory encryption using the advanced encryption standard.","authors":"Tobias Kovats, Navaneeth Rameshan, Kumudu Geethan Karunaratne, Iason Giannopoulos, Abu Sebastian","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0396","url":null,"abstract":"Encryption and decryption of data with very low latency and high energy efficiency is desirable in almost every application that deals with sensitive data. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a widely adopted algorithm in symmetric key cryptography with numerous efficient implementations. Nonetheless, in scenarios involving extensive data processing, the primary limitations on performance and efficiency arise from data movement between memory and the processor, rather than data processing itself. In this article, we present a novel in-memory computing (IMC) approach for AES encryption and key-expansion, and experimentally validate it on an IMC prototype chip based on phase-change memory (PCM) technology. We leverage operators stored in PCM crossbar arrays to achieve the flexibility to tune performance at runtime based on the amount of free storage available in the memory system. In addition, we introduce a method for parallel in-memory polynomial modular multiplication and evaluate the potential of intrinsic stochastic properties of PCM devices for random key generation. We show how to further improve efficiency with minimal additional auxiliary circuitry. To evaluate the performance within a custom-built large-scale in-memory AES system, we design and implement a cycle-accurate simulator that integrates parameters from Spice simulations for detailed latency and energy consumption analysis of the AES algorithm. Our evaluations indicate that our IMC-based AES approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving speed factor improvements of up to 19.7 at equivalent energy efficiency.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IMPACT: In-Memory ComPuting Architecture based on Y-FlAsh Technology for Coalesced Tsetlin machine inference. 影响：基于Y-FlAsh技术的合并Tsetlin机器推理的内存计算架构。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0393

Omar Ghazal, Wei Wang, Shahar Kvatinsky, Farhad Merchant, Alex Yakovlev, Rishad Shafik

{"title":"IMPACT: In-Memory ComPuting Architecture based on Y-FlAsh Technology for Coalesced Tsetlin machine inference.","authors":"Omar Ghazal, Wei Wang, Shahar Kvatinsky, Farhad Merchant, Alex Yakovlev, Rishad Shafik","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0393","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0393","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for processing large volumes of data for machine learning (ML) models has pushed data bandwidth requirements beyond the capability of traditional von Neumann architecture. In-memory computing (IMC) has recently emerged as a promising solution to address this gap by enabling distributed data storage and processing at the micro-architectural level, significantly reducing both latency and energy. In this article, we present In-Memory comPuting architecture based on Y-FlAsh technology for Coalesced Tsetlin machine inference (IMPACT), underpinned on a cutting-edge memory device, Y-Flash, fabricated on a 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Y-Flash devices have recently been demonstrated for digital and analogue memory applications; they offer high yield, non-volatility and low power consumption. IMPACT leverages the Y-Flash array to implement the inference of a novel ML algorithm: coalesced Tsetlin machine (CoTM) based on propositional logic. CoTM utilizes Tsetlin automata (TA) to create Boolean feature selections stochastically across parallel clauses. IMPACT is organized into two computational crossbars for storing the TA and weights. Through validation on the MNIST dataset, IMPACT achieved [Formula: see text] accuracy. IMPACT demonstrated improvements in energy efficiency, e.g. factors of 2.23 over CNN-based ReRAM, 2.46 over neuromorphic using NOR-Flash and 2.06 over DNN-based phase-change memory (PCM), suited for modern ML inference applications.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive study of quantum arithmetic circuits. 量子算术电路的综合研究。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0392

Siyi Wang, Xiufan Li, Wei Jie Bryan Lee, Suman Deb, Eugene Lim, Anupam Chattopadhyay

{"title":"A comprehensive study of quantum arithmetic circuits.","authors":"Siyi Wang, Xiufan Li, Wei Jie Bryan Lee, Suman Deb, Eugene Lim, Anupam Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0392","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the field of quantum computing has experienced remarkable progress. This progress is marked by the superior performance of many quantum algorithms compared with their classical counterparts, with Shor's algorithm serving as a prominent illustration. Quantum arithmetic circuits, which are the fundamental building blocks in numerous quantum algorithms, have attracted much attention. Despite extensive exploration of various designs in the existing literature, researchers remain keen to develop novel designs and improve existing ones. In this review article, we aim to provide a systematically organized and easily comprehensible overview of the current state of the art in quantum arithmetic circuits. Specifically, this study covers fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modular exponentiation. We delve into the detailed quantum implementations of these prominent designs and evaluate their efficiency considering various objectives. We also discuss potential applications of the presented arithmetic circuits and suggest future research directions.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AxLaM: energy-efficient accelerator design for language models for edge computing. AxLaM：边缘计算语言模型的节能加速器设计。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0395

Tom Glint, Bhumika Mittal, Santripta Sharma, Abdul Qadir Ronak, Abhinav Goud, Neerja Kasture, Zaqi Momin, Aravind Krishna, Joycee Mekie

{"title":"AxLaM: energy-efficient accelerator design for language models for edge computing.","authors":"Tom Glint, Bhumika Mittal, Santripta Sharma, Abdul Qadir Ronak, Abhinav Goud, Neerja Kasture, Zaqi Momin, Aravind Krishna, Joycee Mekie","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0395","url":null,"abstract":"Modern language models such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) tasks but are computationally intensive, limiting their deployment on edge devices. This paper presents an energy-efficient accelerator design tailored for encoder-based language models, enabling their integration into mobile and edge computing environments. A data-flow-aware hardware accelerator design for language models inspired by Simba, makes use of approximate fixed-point POSIT-based multipliers and uses high bandwidth memory (HBM) in achieving significant improvements in computational efficiency, power consumption, area and latency compared to the hardware-realized scalable accelerator Simba. Compared to Simba, AxLaM achieves a ninefold energy reduction, 58% area reduction and 1.2 times improved latency, making it suitable for deployment in edge devices. The energy efficiency of AxLaN is 1.8 TOPS/W, 65% higher than FACT, which requires pre-processing of the language model before implementing it on the hardware.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2288","pages":"20230395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-classicality and the effect of one photon. 非经典性和单光子效应。

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0331

Christopher C Gerry, Richard J Birrittella, Paul M Alsing, Jihane Mimih, Peter L Knight

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Multiple interacting photonic modes in strongly coupled organic microcavities. 强耦合有机微腔中的多重相互作用光子模式。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0343

Felipe Herrera, William L Barnes

{"title":"Multiple interacting photonic modes in strongly coupled organic microcavities.","authors":"Felipe Herrera, William L Barnes","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0343","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0343","url":null,"abstract":"Room-temperature cavity quantum electrodynamics with molecular materials in optical cavities offers exciting prospects for controlling electronic, nuclear and photonic degrees of freedom for applications in physics, chemistry and materials science. However, achieving strong coupling with molecular ensembles typically requires high molecular densities and substantial electromagnetic-field confinement. These conditions usually involve a significant degree of molecular disorder and a highly structured photonic density of states. It remains unclear to what extent these additional complexities modify the usual physical picture of strong coupling developed for atoms and inorganic semiconductors. Using a microscopic quantum description of molecular ensembles in realistic multimode optical resonators, we show that the emergence of vacuum Rabi splitting in linear spectroscopy is a necessary but not sufficient metric of coherent admixing between light and matter. In low-finesse multi-mode situations, we find that molecular dipoles can be partially hybridized with photonic dissipation channels associated with off-resonant cavity modes. These vacuum-induced dissipative processes ultimately limit the extent of light-matter coherence that the system can sustain.This article is part of the theme issue 'The quantum theory of light'.","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"382 2287","pages":"20230343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The not quite Loudon-Fearn-Rarity-Tapster dip and its impact on the development of photonic quantum information. 不完全loudon - fearn - rare - tapster dip及其对光子量子信息发展的影响。

IF 4.3 3区综合性期刊

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0393

John G Rarity

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