Pathogens and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Impact of immunosuppression on <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection in Spain.","authors":"Elena Vázquez, Oscar de Gregorio, Carmen Álvarez, Vicente Soriano, Octavio Corral, Alfonso Ortega-de la Puente, Marina de la Cruz-Echeandía, Xiomara Patricia Blanco-Valencia, Ana Royuela, Mario Martín-Portugués, Jorge Esteban-Sampedro, Víctor Moreno-Torres","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2472300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2025.2472300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunosuppression (IS) determines a higher risk of disease severity from <i>Listeria monocytogenes (</i>LM) infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the epidemiology of IS in all patients hospitalized with LM in Spain from 2000 to 2021 in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges. IS was defined by liver disease (LD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), solid organ transplantation (SOT), bone marrow transplantation (BMT), primary immunodeficiencies (ID), systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD), solid organ neoplasms (SON), and hematological neoplasms (HN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8,152 admissions with LM, 48% were IS. There was an increase from 39.5% to 60% during the study period, mainly driven by rises in DM (from 12.6% to 26.2%), SON (from 9.9% to 17.5%), CKD (from 4.4% to 16.3%), HN (from 6.6% to 13.4%), and LD (from 4.9% to 6.6%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all trends). IS fatality rate was higher than in non-IS (22.4% vs 11.3%; OR = 2.09). The proportion of LM patients with IS among LM in-hospital deaths increased from 57.1% in 2000 to 67.95% in 2021 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Fatality risk differed according to baseline IS condition: LD (OR = 2.42), CKD (OR = 1.49), SON (OR 3.01) and HN (OR 1.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of IS among patients hospitalized with LM in Spain has risen over the past two decades, with a growing impact on fatality rates. These findings should prompt further efforts to prevent and manage properly LM infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A possible trachoma cluster unveiling the mist of Le Rôdeur: probes in favor and against an alternative cause of the crew blindness.","authors":"Omar Simonetti, Emanuele Armocida, Benedetta Rossi, Francesco Samassa, Ylenia Gobbo, Roberto Luzzati, Verena Zerbato","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2458977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2458977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1819, a puzzling outbreak of infectious blindness afflicted nearly all crew members and African slaves aboard the French vessel Le Rôdeur during the transatlantic slave trade. This paper investigates the etiology of this unique event, comparing different pathogens that cause blindness: <i>Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,</i> and <i>Onchocerca volvulus;</i> endemic in the African Continent. Reviewing naval medicine since the seventeenth century and eye infection knowledge in 1800, alongside historical records, we explore the singular case of Le Rôdeur's outbreak. While some clinical features favor trachoma, rapid onset, and progression align with gonococcal conjunctivitis. We suggest both as possible causes, underscoring the intricate intersection of infectious diseases and transatlantic trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome analysis revealed the role of <i>bla</i>_OXA-23 and <i>bla</i>_OXA-66 genes in carbapenem resistance of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> strains.","authors":"Nurizati Mat Ghani, Kar-Wai Hong, Yvonne Jing Mei Liew, Yin Yin Lau, Hoi-Sen Yong, Kok Keng Tee, Kok-Gan Chan, Kah-Ooi Chua","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2442194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2442194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a multidrug-resistant bacterium that has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen globally and renowned for its ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. However, understanding of its resistance mechanisms to certain drug classes remains limited. This study focused on four bacterial strains (AB863, AB889, AB930, and AB960) exhibiting carbapenem resistance. They demonstrated high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (128 mg/L) to meropenem and were categorized as extensively drug-resistant strains. Subsequently, they were identified as <i>A. baumannii</i> through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and species-specific PCR targeting the <i>bla</i>_OXA51-like gene. Three strains were sequenced for their genomes to study the genetic determinants and functional relevance of carbapenem resistance. The draft genome length of the strains ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 Mbp. A total of 16 antibiotic resistance genes including the genes <i>bla</i>_OXA-23 and <i>bla</i>_OXA-66 which mediate carbapenem resistance were identified in the genomes. A comprehensive multilocus sequence typing analysis involving 95 <i>A. baumannii</i> strains from different Asian countries assigned the four strains to sequence type 2 (ST2), the most predominant ST circulating in Asia. Comparative genome analysis also revealed <i>bla</i>_OXA-66 as the most dominant variant of <i>bla</i>_OXA-51-like gene and also a widespread distribution of <i>bla</i>_OXA-23 gene. In addition, various mobile genetic elements associated with AMR genes and three efflux pumps families were detected in the genomes of the strains. Transformation of <i>bla</i>_OXA-23 and <i>bla</i>_OXA-66 genes resulted in meropenem resistance in the transformant which exhibited a MIC of 2 mg/L, thus confirming direct involvement of both genes in carbapenem resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping anti-diphtheria toxin antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis with multi-level meta-regression.","authors":"Amit Kumar Mital, Priyanka Choudhary, Bijaya K Padhi, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Aravind Gandhi P, Mayuri Raul, Sruthi, Prakasini Satapathy","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2434773","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2434773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diphtheria is a reemerging vaccine-preventable infection of public health concern. Pooled estimates of serum IgG anti-diphtheria antibody levels can assist in estimating the susceptible population. The objective was to estimate pooled estimate of protective IgG anti-diphtheria antibodies in population globally. We searched three databases until May 2023. We included studies reporting serum anti-diphtheria antibody titre > 0.1 IU/ml as seroprotection. NHLBI checklist was used for quality assessment. Heterogeneity was explored and resolved by statistical methods. 1720 articles were retrieved out of which 51 articles were included. The pooled seropositivity rate against diphtheria was 57%. After removal of two influential outlier studies, pooled seropositivity became 51%. The meta-regression results for age depicted that seroprevalence significantly decreased with increasing age. Subgroup analysis done on basis of geographical distribution significantly reduced heterogeneity and revealed that the Western Pacific region and African regions had lower seroprotectivity compared to other regions. Subgrouping done based on year of sample collection revealed seroprotection was lower (55.63%) between 1986 and 2005 which increased to 67.11% between 2006 and 2015 and again dropped to 45.75% between 2016 and 2023. We concluded that after 2015, the disease has reemerged globally, with seroprotection level below 50% (45.75%) and overall only half of the population being seroprotected against diphtheria. So, there is a need for reinforcement of immunity against diphtheria (supplementary vaccination) after screening for antibody titre. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023458131.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple introductions and sustained local transmission of <i>Monkeypox virus</i> in Southern Brazil between 2022-2023.","authors":"Fernanda Marques Godinho, Thales de Lima Bermann, Mayara Mota de Oliveira, Regina Bones Barcellos, Amanda Pellenz Ruivo, Viviane Horn de Melo, Franciellen Machado Dos Santos, Milena Bauermann, Taina Machado Selayaran, Taina Dos Santos Soares, Patrícia Sesterheim, Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen, Fernanda Maria Da Rocha, Karine Medeiros Amaral, Fernanda Crestina Leitenski Delela, Renata Petzhold Mondini, Sabrina Vizeu, Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga, Gabriel da Luz Wallau, Richard Steiner Salvato","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2447967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2447967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the <i>Monkeypox virus</i> (MPXV). Human cases have been mainly restricted to the African continent until the worldwide multi-country outbreak unfolded in 2022. We reconstructed epidemiological links of 53 MPXV infections using genomic epidemiology in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, during 2022 and 2023. We detected five well-supported clades, three representing local transmission chains that were mostly restricted to the 2022 virus spread, one supported year-long maintenance encompassing samples from 2022 and 2023, and one new importation from Europe in 2023. Our results provide new insights into the geographic extent of community transmission and its association with viral diversity during the more pronounced 2022 mpox upsurge and during the following lower incidence phase. These findings highlight the power of continued genomic surveillance to uncover hidden transmission chains to understand viral dynamics and inform public health responses. The detection of sustained transmission in the state is important to guide targeted control measures to curtail further community and international transmission and highlight the need for maintaining genomic surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-protozoal potential of electrospun polymeric nanofiber composite membranes for treatment of contaminated drinking water.","authors":"Thanaa Ibrahim Shalaby, Maha Reda Gaafar, Rasha Fadly Mady, Nermine Mogahed Fawzy Hussein Mogahed, Yasmin Amr Issa, Sherifa Mohamed Korayem, Nehal Nassef Hezema","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2460006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2460006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of conventional techniques for removal of water contaminants remains doubtful on micropollutants, including waterborne protozoa. To the best of knowledge, this study is the first highlighting the use of electrospun polymeric nanofiber composite membranes coated with metal nanoparticles against <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> and <i>Giardia lamblia</i> in vitro. Plain and hybrid nanofiber membranes loaded with zinc oxide, copper oxide and silver nanoparticles were prepared, characterized, and used for filtration of contaminated drinking water. Comparison between membranes was achieved through water examination microscopically and molecularly, counting and viability assessment of trapped protozoa on the membranes after filtration. Moreover, the membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for detection of the trapped <i>Cyclospora</i> oocysts and <i>Giardia</i> cysts ultrastructural changes. Results showed that following water filtration, no protozoa were detected microscopically and melting curves were not plotted. A statistically significant reduction in the number of viable <i>Cyclospora</i> oocysts and <i>Giardia</i> cysts incubated for 4 days was reported. By SEM, dramatic distortions were observed in the trapped protozoa on hybrid membranes with superiority of silver nanoparticles. We concluded that the electrospun polymeric nanofibers composite membranes can be considered a promising alternative to standard water filtration methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"29-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mysterious disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: the crucial role of the global health approach.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Léon Tshilolo, Thierry Kalonji-Mukendi, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2453698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2025.2453698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polio outbreaks in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: causes and solutions.","authors":"Dorsa Alijanzadeh, Hanie Karimi, Niloofar Masoumi, Kimia Kazemzadeh, Noosha Samieefar, Mehrnaz Mesdaghi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2439740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2439740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted polio immunization programs worldwide. The consequences of these programs' suspension were not fully presented during the COVID-19 pandemic, as some take time to present in a population. We conducted a narrative review to provide a perspective of current literature on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on efforts made for poliomyelitis eradication. An overview of potential risks of polio outbreaks and areas where wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses have been reported will be presented in this review. Decreased vaccination rate, human and financial resources diversion to tackle COVID-19, and polio surveillance suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to creating an immunity gap and increasing the risk of polio outbreaks in at-risk areas. Approaches for integrating immunization efforts with educating the general population, engaging religious leaders, and solving gender disparities to fill the gap that have been made during the pandemic. The path to control polio should engage different levels of policy-making, and governments of affected countries play crucial roles. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration and dedicated efforts are needed to inform policymakers and encourage the public to follow vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> among children aged 4 years and above presenting with acute respiratory tract infection: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ainun Nadzurah Binti Md Bahar, Anis Najwa Muhamad, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh, Mohamad Shafiq Adnan, Shah Adam, Shih Ying Hng, Kah Peng Eg, Anna Marie Nathan","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400412","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aim: </strong>In Malaysia, pertussis in children beyond infancy is underreported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> and the prevalence of pertussis-susceptible children aged ≥4 years who presented with acute respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, cross-sectional study conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department from 1 October 2022, to 31 January 2023, included children aged 4 years and older with ARTIs symptoms and excluded those who were COVID-19 positive. <i>B. pertussis</i> was detected via quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs and pertussis toxin (PT) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children (<i>n</i> = 298) with a median (Interquartile range, [IQR]) age of 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) years old were recruited, and 98% were vaccinated adequately. Two cases of <i>B. pertussis</i> (<i>n</i> = 2/298, 0.67%) were detected. Both children were also co-infected with <i>Bordetella spp</i>. The majority of the patients (<i>n</i> = 246/296, 83.1%) had low protective antibodies against pertussis (anti-PT IgG <5 IU/ml), and children 5 years and older were more likely to have lower anti-PT Ig G levels of <5 IU/ml (odds ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.04,3.90]) compared to children 4 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of pertussis was low. However, there is significant waning immunity. Booster doses of pertussis vaccine should be given to all school-aged children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"582-586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease: preventive strategies and the need for a global enterovirus surveillance network.","authors":"Chien-Yuan Huang, Shih-Bin Su, Kow-Tong Chen","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2400424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus (EV)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a significant public health issue worldwide, commonly occurring in children five years of age or younger. The leading causes of most HFMD cases are EVs, which are members of the <i>Picornaviridae</i> family. The typical clinical manifestations of EV-associated HFMD are febrile presentations with mucosal herpangina, oral ulcerations, and skin rashes on the hands and feet. The majority of HFMD cases resolve without consequence; however, a subset progresses to severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, which can be fatal. In the past two decades, EV-associated HFMD has received significant attention. In this review, we organize published papers and provide updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and vaccine developments for EV-associated HFMD. The impact of EV-associated HFMD is increasing globally. Developing efficacious vaccines has become a priority for preventing EV infections without adequate treatment. Simultaneously, emerging EV infections (including EV-D68, EV-A71, Coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses) are increasing, highlighting the need to create a vigilant surveillance system for EV infections worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"538-548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}