Particle and Fibre Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the toxicological effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles extracted from sunscreens on human keratinocytes and skin explants.","authors":"Darien Yu De Kwek, Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati, Archana Gautam, Sunil S Adav, Ee Cherk Cheong, Kee Woei Ng","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00610-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00610-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inorganic ultraviolet filters such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles are frequently used in sunscreens. Numerous toxicological studies in vitro and in vivo have been conducted using pristine standard reference nanomaterials of these inorganic filters. While convenient, this approach is not realistic because the complex environment of sunscreen formulations could change the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and lead to vastly different toxicological outcomes. Therefore, this study focused on characterizing nanoparticles extracted from commercial sunscreen and evaluating the associated toxicological impacts upon exposure to human keratinocytes and human skin explants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were extracted from commercial sunscreens and thoroughly characterized. The identity of the associated molecular corona on the extracted nanoparticles was also evaluated. Cell metabolic and proliferation profiles, mitochondrial superoxide activity, reactive oxygen species levels, and genotoxicity induced through exposure to the nanoparticles were studied in vitro using a human keratinocyte cell line. The cell response was significantly different after treatment with pristine nanoparticles compared to corresponding sunscreen-extracted nanoparticles. Pristine spherical nanoparticles resulted in more pronounced toxicity in 2D cultured keratinocytes compared to extracted nanoparticles but did not impact wound-edge migration significantly in 3D ex vivo human skin explant models. Additionally, extracted rod-shaped nanoparticles had greater toxic impacts in keratinocytes in vitro and retarded wound-edge migration in the ex vivo model compared to the extracted spherical nanoparticles. Nevertheless, these heightened cell responses were not associated with any increase in phosphorylated γH₂AX (which is indicative of DNA damage) both in vitro and ex vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows the feasibility of extracting nanoparticles from personal care products such as sunscreens to obtain relevant forms to model real-life exposure scenarios. Overall, sunscreen-extracted nanoparticles were found to be less toxic compared to pristine equivalents but retarded wound-edge migration more significantly. Skin explant cultures provide a more realistic alternative to monolayer cell cultures, although the differential outcomes between the models need more in-depth evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne micro- and nanoplastics: emerging causes of respiratory diseases.","authors":"Zixuan Gou, Haonan Wu, Shanyu Li, Ziyu Liu, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00613-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00613-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Airborne micro- and nanoplastics (AMNPs) are ubiquitously present in human living environments and pose significant threats to respiratory health. Currently, much research has been conducted on the relationship between micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, yet there is a clear lack of understanding regarding the link between AMNPs and respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relationship between the two. Recent extensive studies by numerous scholars on the characteristics of AMNPs and their relationship with respiratory diseases have robustly demonstrated that AMNPs from various sources significantly influence the onset and progression of respiratory conditions. Thus, investigating the intrinsic mechanisms involved and finding necessary preventive and therapeutic measures are crucial. In this review, we primarily describe the fundamental characteristics of AMNPs, their impact on the respiratory system, and the intrinsic toxic mechanisms that facilitate disease development. It is hoped that this article will provide new insights for further research and contribute to the advancement of human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a risk assessment framework for micro- and nanoplastic particles for human health.","authors":"Amelie Vogel, Jutta Tentschert, Raymond Pieters, Francesca Bennet, Hubert Dirven, Annemijne van den Berg, Esther Lenssen, Maartje Rietdijk, Dirk Broßell, Andrea Haase","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00602-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00602-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPs) is inevitable but human health risk assessment remains challenging for several reasons. MNPs are complex mixtures of particles derived from different polymer types, which may contain plenty of additives and/or contaminants. MNPs cover broad size distributions and often have irregular shapes and morphologies. Moreover, several of their properties change over time due to aging/ weathering. Case-by-case assessment of each MNP type does not seem feasible, more straightforward methodologies are needed. However, conceptual approaches for human health risk assessment are rare, reliable methods for exposure and hazard assessment are largely missing, and meaningful data is scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we reviewed the state-of-the-art concerning risk assessment of chemicals with a specific focus on polymers as well as on (nano-)particles and fibres. For this purpose, we broadly screened relevant knowledge including guidance documents, standards, scientific publications, publicly available reports. We identified several suitable concepts such as: (i) polymers of low concern (PLC), (ii) poorly soluble low toxicity particles (PSLT) and (iii) fibre pathogenicity paradigm (FPP). We also aimed to identify promising methods, which may serve as a reasonable starting point for a test strategy.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Here, we propose a state-of-the-art modular risk assessment framework for MNPs, focusing primarily on inhalation as a key exposure route for humans that combines several integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATAs). The framework starts with basic physicochemical characterisation (step 1), followed by assessing the potential for inhalative exposure (step 2) and includes several modules for toxicological assessment (step 3). We provide guidance on how to apply the framework and suggest suitable methods for characterization of physicochemical properties, exposure and hazard assessment. We put special emphasis on new approach methodologies (NAMs) and included grouping, where adequate. The framework has been improved in several iterative cycles by taking into account expert feedback and is currently being tested in several case studies. Overall, it can be regarded as an important step forward to tackle human health risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Reduction of pulmonary toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles by phosphonate-based surface passivation.","authors":"Xiaoming Cai, Anson Lee, Zhaoxia Ji, Cynthia Huang, Chong Hyun Chang, Xiang Wang, Yu-Pei Liao, Tian Xia, Ruibin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00609-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00609-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper oxide nanoparticles exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by activating the TXNIP-NLRP3 signaling pathway.","authors":"Woong-Il Kim, So-Won Pak, Se-Jin Lee, Sin-Hyang Park, Je-Oh Lim, Dong-Il Kim, In-Sik Shin, Sung-Hwan Kim, Jong-Choon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00608-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00608-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) offer certain benefits to humans, they can be toxic to organs and exacerbate underlying diseases upon exposure. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), induced by smoking, can worsen with exposure to various harmful particles. However, the specific impact of CuONPs on COPD and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of CuONPs on the respiratory tract, the pathophysiology of CuONPs exposure-induced COPD, and the mechanism of CuONPs toxicity, focusing on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) signaling using a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced COPD model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the toxicity study, CuONPs exposure induced an inflammatory response in the respiratory tract, including inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production, and mucus secretion, which were accompanied by increased TXNIP, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β. In the COPD model, CuONPs exposure induced the elevation of various indexes related to COPD, as well as increased TXNIP expression. Additionally, TNXIP-knockout (KO) mice showed a significantly decreased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β and inflammatory responses in CuONPs-exposed COPD mice. These results were consistent with the results of an in vitro experiment using H292 cells. By contrast, TNXIP-overexpressed mice had a markedly increased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β and inflammatory responses in CuONPs-exposed COPD mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We elucidated the exacerbating effect of CuONPs exposure on the respiratory tract with underlying COPD, as well as related signaling transduction via TXNIP regulation. CuONPs exposure significantly increased inflammatory responses in the respiratory tract, which was correlated with elevated TXNIP-NLRP3 signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-nanoparticle stickiness and dose delivery in a multi-model in silico platform: DosiGUI.","authors":"Ermes Botte, Pietro Vagaggini, Ilaria Zanoni, Nicole Guazzelli, Lara Faccani, Davide Gardini, Anna L Costa, Arti Ahluwalia","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00607-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00607-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is well-known that nanoparticles sediment, diffuse and aggregate when dispersed in a fluid. Once they approach a cell monolayer, depending on the affinity or \"stickiness\" between cells and nanoparticles, they may adsorb instantaneously, settle slowly - in a time- and concentration-dependent manner - or even encounter steric hindrance and rebound. Therefore, the dose perceived by cells in culture may not necessarily be that initially administered. Methods for quantifying delivered dose are difficult to implement, as they require precise characterization of nanoparticles and exposure scenarios, as well as complex mathematical operations to handle the equations governing the system dynamics. Here we present a pipeline and a graphical user interface, DosiGUI, for application to the accurate nano-dosimetry of engineered nanoparticles on cell monolayers, which also includes methods for determining the parameters characterising nanoparticle-cell stickiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated the stickiness for 3 industrial nanoparticles (TiO₂ - NM-105, CeO₂ - NM-212 and BaSO₄ - NM-220) administered to 3 cell lines (HepG2, A549 and Caco-2) and subsequently estimated corresponding delivered doses. Our results confirm that stickiness is a function of both nanoparticle and cell type, with the stickiest combination being BaSO₄ and Caco-2 cells. The results also underline that accurate estimations of the delivered dose cannot prescind from a rigorous evaluation of the affinity between the cell type and nanoparticle under investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accurate nanoparticle dose estimation in vitro is crucial for in vivo extrapolation, allowing for their safe use in medical and other applications. This study provides a computational platform - DosiGUI - for more reliable dose-response characterization. It also highlights the importance of cell-nanoparticle stickiness for better risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled human exposures: a review and comparison of the health effects of diesel exhaust and wood smoke.","authors":"Erin Long, Christopher F Rider, Christopher Carlsten","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00603-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00603-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most pressing issues in global health is air pollution. Emissions from traffic-related air pollution and biomass burning are two of the most common sources of air pollution. Diesel exhaust (DE) and wood smoke (WS) have been used as models of these pollutant sources in controlled human exposure (CHE) experiments. The aim of this review was to compare the health effects of DE and WS using results obtained from CHE studies. A total of 119 CHE-DE publications and 25 CHE-WS publications were identified for review. CHE studies of DE generally involved shorter exposure durations and lower particulate matter concentrations, and demonstrated more potent dysfunctional outcomes than CHE studies of WS. In the airways, DE induces neutrophilic inflammation and increases airway hyperresponsiveness, but the effects of WS are unclear. There is strong evidence that DE provokes systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, but less evidence exists for WS. Exposure to DE was more prothrombotic than WS. DE generally increased cardiovascular dysfunction, but limited evidence is available for WS. Substantial heterogeneity in experimental methodology limited the comparison between studies. In many areas, outcomes of WS exposures tended to trend in similar directions to those of DE, suggesting that the effects of DE exposure may be useful for inferring possible responses to WS. However, several gaps in the literature were identified, predominantly pertaining to elucidating the effects of WS exposure. Future studies should strongly consider performing head-to-head comparisons between DE and WS using a CHE design to determine the differential effects of these exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of the impact of United States military airborne hazards and burn pit exposures on respiratory health.","authors":"Janeen H Trembley, Paul Barach, Julie M Tomáška, Jedidah T Poole, Pamela K Ginex, Robert F Miller, Jacob B Lindheimer, Anthony M Szema, Kimberly Gandy, Trishul Siddharthan, Jason P Kirkness, Joshua P Nixon, Rosie Lopez Torres, Mark A Klein, Timothy R Nurkiewicz, Tammy A Butterick","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00606-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00606-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millions of United States (U.S.) troops deployed to the Middle East and Southwest Asia were exposed to toxic airborne hazards and/or open-air burn pits. Burn pit emissions contain particulate matter combined with toxic gasses and heavy metals. Ongoing research has demonstrated that exposures to the airborne hazards from military burn pits have profound and lasting health and wellness consequences. Research on the long-term health consequences of exposure to open burn pits has been limited. Work continues to understand the scope of the health impacts and the underlying pathobiology following exposures and to establish care standards. The U.S. Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act was signed into law August 2022. This act expands the benefits and services to U.S. Veterans exposed to toxicants, requires the Veterans Health Administration to provide toxic exposure screening, and supports increased research, education, and treatment due to toxic occupational exposures. This review highlights the state of the science related to military burn pit exposures research with an emphasis on pulmonary health. Clinical data demonstrate areas of reduced or delayed pulmonary ventilation and lung pathologies such as small airways scarring, diffuse collagen deposition and focal areas of ossification. Identification and characterization of foreign matter deposition in lung tissues are reported, including particulate matter, silica, titanium oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These data are consistent with toxic exposures and with the symptoms reported by post-deployment Veterans despite near-normal non-invasive pulmonary evaluations. On-going work toward new methods for non-invasive pulmonary diagnoses and disease monitoring are described. We propose various studies and databases as resources for clinical and health outcomes research. Pre-clinical research using different burn pit modeling approaches are summarized, including oropharyngeal aspiration, intranasal inhalation, and whole-body exposure chamber inhalation. These studies focus on the impacts of specific toxic substances as well as the effects of short-term and sustained insults over time on the pulmonary systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of simulated smoke condensate generated from combustion of selected military burn pit contents on human airway epithelial cells.","authors":"Arunava Ghosh, Keith L Rogers, Samuel C Gallant, Yong Ho Kim, Julia E Rager, M Ian Gilmour, Scott H Randell, Ilona Jaspers","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00604-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00604-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to military burn pit smoke during deployment is associated with different respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. However, information linking smoke exposure to human pulmonary health is lacking. This study examined the effects of simulated burn pit smoke condensates on human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) from twelve donors (smokers/non-smokers, biological female/male) cultured at an air-liquid interface and exposed to condensates from three simulated burn pit waste materials (cardboard, plywood, and plastic) incinerated at two combustion conditions: smoldering and flaming. Cellular gene expression was analyzed using bulk RNA sequencing, and basolateral media cytokine levels were assessed using multiplex immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flaming smoke condensates caused more significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with plywood flaming smoke being the most potent in altering gene expression and modulating cytokine release. Cardboard and plywood flaming condensates primarily activated detoxification pathways, whereas plastic flaming affected genes related to anti-microbial and inflammatory responses. Correlation analysis between smoke condensate chemicals and gene expression to understand the underlying mechanism revealed crucial role of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aluminum, molybdenum, and silicon elements; IL6 expression was positively correlated with most PAHs. Stratification of data based on HAEC donor demographics suggests that these affect gene expression changes. Enrichment analysis indicated similarity with several deployment-related presumptive and reported diseases, including asthma, emphysema, and cancer of different organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights that simulated burn pit smoke exposure of HAECs causes gene expression changes indicative of deployment-related diseases with more pronounced effects seen in smokers and females. Future studies are needed to further characterize how sex and smoking status affect deployment-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study of the cardiopulmonary effects in healthy volunteers after exposure to high levels of PM_2.5 in a New York City subway station.","authors":"David G Luglio, Kayla Rae Farrell, Terry Gordon","doi":"10.1186/s12989-024-00594-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12989-024-00594-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subway systems are becoming increasingly common worldwide transporting large populations in major cities. PM_2.5 concentrations have been demonstrated to be exceptionally high when underground, however. Studies on the impact of subway PM exposure on cardiopulmonary health in the United States are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy volunteers in New York City were exposed to a 2-h visit on the 9th Street Station platform on the Port Authority Trans-Hudson train system. Blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), spirometry, and forced impulse oscillometry were measured, and urine, blood spot, and nasal swab biosamples were collected for cytokine analysis at the end of the 2-h exposure period. These endpoints were compared against individual control measurements collected after 2-h in a \"clean\" control space. In addition to paired comparisons, mixed effects models with subject as a random effect were employed to investigate the effect of the PM_2.5 concentrations and visit type (i.e., subway vs. control).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean PM_2.5 concentrations on the platform and during the control visit were 293.6 ± 65.7 (SD) and 4.6 ± 1.9 µg/m³, respectively. There was no change in any of the health metrics, but there was a non-significant trend for SDNN to be lower after subway exposure compared to control exposure. Total symptomatic scores did increase post-subway exposure compared to reported values prior to exposure or after the control visit. No significant changes in cytokine concentrations in any specimen type were observed. Mixed-effects models mostly corroborated these paired comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute exposures to PM on a subway platform do not cause measurable cardiopulmonary effects apart from reductions in HRV and increases in symptoms in healthy volunteers. These findings match other studies that found little to no changes in lung function and blood pressure after exposure in underground subway stations. Future work should still target potentially more vulnerable populations, such as individuals with asthma or those who spend increased time underground on the subway such as transit workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}