Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemicals in pomegranate peel extract attenuate oxidative damage in rats exposed to fipronil","authors":"Awad R. Abd Elfatah ,&nbsp;Marwa E. Hassan ,&nbsp;Yasmin E. Abdel-Mobdy ,&nbsp;Osama M. Abd El fatah ,&nbsp;Emam A. Abdelrahim ,&nbsp;Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fipronil (FPN), a pesticide frequently used in veterinary medicine and agriculture, has been linked to adverse health consequences in non-target creatures. This study was conducted to determine the phytochemical and vitamin content of pomegranate peel ethanolic extract (PPE) and to assess its hepatoprotective impact in rats exposed to FPN insecticide. The phytochemicals were tested using LC-MS/MS, whilst the vitamins were evaluated using HPLC. Six groups of male albino rats were treated for three months, including the control group and those treated with PPE (400 mg/kg b.w.), FPN at low dosage (16.16 mg/kg b.w.), or high dose (48.5 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with PPE. Blood and tissue samples were taken for various hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses. HPLC results revealed that PPE contains water and oil-soluble vitamins; also, LC-MS/MS identified 21 chemicals belonging to tannins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. The biological study revealed that FPN caused dose-dependent changes in RBCs, WBCs, MCHC, PLT count, MCH, MCV, Hb, HCT, ALT, AST, ALP, Alb, TP, urea, uric acid, creatinine, Cho, Tri G, HDL, LDL, CAT, SOD, MDA, GST, testosterone levels, and histological changes in liver and kidney. PPE administration did not show any significant changes in all the tested parameters. Co-administration with FPN and PPE induced a significant improvement in all the tested parameters towards the control levels, owing to its strong antioxidant activity. Consequently, PPE should be considered a dietary supplement in areas with high levels of FPN exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of triflumezopyrim and triadimefon co-exposure on enzymatic activity and gene expression changes in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)","authors":"Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Wenchao Zhu ,&nbsp;Lu Lv ,&nbsp;Xuejing Wang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Gai","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pollination insects frequently encounter complex mixtures of pesticides within agricultural ecosystems. However, current risk assessments for pesticides focus primarily on single agents, failing to reflect real-world conditions. Mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim (TFM) and triazole fungicide triadimefon (TAD) are two compounds often detected together in the environment, raising concerns over their combined toxic effects on pollinators. In this context, our study aimed to explore the enzymatic and transcriptional responses in the honey bee (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.) when exposed to a mixture of TFM and TAD. Our findings revealed that co-exposure to these two pesticides induced acute synergistic toxicity in <em>A. mellifera</em>. Furthermore, significant alterations were observed in the levels of MDA, AChE, GST, and trypsin, along with the expression of four genes (<em>abaecin</em>, <em>CRBXase</em>, <em>CYP6AS14</em>, and <em>CYP306A1</em>) linked to oxidative stress, neural function, detoxification pathways, digestion, and immune competence. Additionally, both pesticides were found to modify the molecular conformation of CAT and AChE, thereby influencing their enzymatic activities. These results underscored the biochemical and molecular toxicities resulting from the combined action of TFM and TAD on <em>A. mellifera</em>, offering critical insights into the ecological impact of pesticide mixtures on pollinators. Importantly, the co-presence of TFM and TAD might exacerbate physiological damage in <em>A. mellifera</em>, likely due to their interactive effects. Collectively, this study represented a substantial advancement in comprehending the toxicological impacts of commonly used agricultural pesticides and provided valuable foundations for developing effective strategies to mitigate their harmful effects on pollination insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth physiological study on the sustainable application of a botanical insecticide with low mammalian toxicity against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Zenghua Xing ,&nbsp;Yaya Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Yulin Gan ,&nbsp;Erkang Liu ,&nbsp;Xizhong Yan ,&nbsp;Chi Hao ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Xingtao Qie","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research into the exploration of bioactive insecticides as an alternative to synthetic compounds has garnered increasing attention, particularly in the context of sustainable pest management. In this study, a two-sex life table was constructed based on the Waco strain to determine whether the prolonged larval period in haedoxan A-resistant (HAR) strain <em>Aedes aegypti</em> is related to ecdysone-regulated development. The effect of ecdysone on the sensitivity of the 3rd-instar larvae to HA was investigated, along with the determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) content in <em>A. aegypti</em>. The results showed that the 20E content in larvae from HAR strain was significantly lower than that of Waco strain. And, the sensitivity of larvae treated with ecdysone to HA was increased. Two-sex life table results indicated that ecdysone can accelerate the growth and development of larvae, however, it also shortened the life span of adult mosquitoes and reduced reproduction rate. Notably, cytotoxic activity against human normal liver cell L02 demonstrated that HA was less toxic and did not cause intracellular oxidative stress compared to permethrin. Overall, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which the larval period of <em>A. aegypti</em> is prolonged under HA selection. Furthermore, our results provide valuable insights for the application of HA as an effective botanical insecticide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-571 manipulating termite immune response to fungus and showing potential for green management of Copotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Isoptera)","authors":"Weiwen Chen,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Termites are not merely social insects; they are also globally important insect pests. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential molecular targets for the biological control of termites. However, their role in termite resistance to pathogens, particularly their impact on termite social immune behaviour, remains unclear. In this study, we identified 50 differentially expressed miRNAs in <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em>, a globally economically important termite pest, in response to <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> infection. Injecting miR-571 agomir, one of significantly upregulated miRNAs, significantly increased termite mortality without or with <em>M. anisopliae</em> infection (compared to that with <em>M. anisopliae</em> infection alone). Meanwhile, termites infected with <em>M. anisopliae</em> exhibited a significant reduction in the avoidance, trophallaxis, and grooming behaviors. Subsequently, we identified <em>POP5</em> as a target gene of miR-571 and found that miR-571-POP5 inhibits the termite immune response to <em>M. anisopliae</em> by inhibiting the expression of downstream genes, trypsin-like serine protease and serine protease. Finally, we confirmed that the ingestion of miR-571 agomir also increased the mortality of <em>M. anisopliae</em>-infected termites. Our findings enhance knowledge regarding miRNA role in insect social immunity, pathogen manipulation mechanisms, and optimizing pathogen effectiveness through insect miRNAs. This offers new molecular targets for the biological control of termites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diverse enzymatic targets of the essential oils of Ilex purpurea and Cymbopogon martini and the major components potentially mitigated the resistance development in tick Haemaphysalis longicornis","authors":"Zhihua Gao,&nbsp;Lingqian Bai,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu,&nbsp;Bingxia Feng,&nbsp;Ruya Cao,&nbsp;Weikang Zhao,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhang,&nbsp;Weijia Xing,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term use of chemical acaricides not only pollutes the environment, but also easily causes tick resistance. Plant essential oils, a kind of secondary metabolites in plants, are an important way to develop new modern pesticides. The study analyzed the acaricidal activity and molecular mechanisms of <em>Ilex purpurea</em> EO and <em>Cymbopogon martini</em> EO on <em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em> (Acari: Ixodidae) unfed ticks. The chemical analysis (GC–MS) identified 7 components in <em>I. purpurea</em> EO and 4 in <em>C. martini</em> EO. The effects of the oils on unfed larvae of <em>H. longicornis</em> were assessed by larval packet test. The results revealed that <em>I. purpurea</em> EO and <em>C. martini</em> EO had significant toxicity against the unfed larvae. The present work evaluated the toxicity of EOs and methyl salicylate against unfed nymphs and adults of <em>H. longicornis</em> by immersion test. The results showed that <em>I. purpurea</em> EO, <em>C. martini</em> EO and methyl salicylate had significant toxicity against the unfed nymphs and adults. Enzyme assays showed that the oils and methyl salicylate significantly inhibited AChE and CarE activity, <em>I. purpurea</em> EO significantly inhibited CAT activity. These results revealed that the diverse enzymatic targets of <em>I. purpurea</em> EO, <em>C. martini</em> EO and the major components of <em>I. purpurea</em> potentially mitigated the resistance development in tick <em>H. longicornis</em>. This study revealed the mechanisms of action of <em>I. purpurea</em> EO and <em>C. martini</em> EO in nature and biotechnology. These results will open new directions for understanding how EOs interfere with tick biological systems and has broad implications for the field of acaricide design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 confers resistance to thiamethoxam in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) via detoxification metabolism","authors":"Mingjiao Huang ,&nbsp;Peipan Gong ,&nbsp;Cheng Yin ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Shaonan Liu ,&nbsp;Buli Fu ,&nbsp;Xuegao Wei ,&nbsp;Jinjin Liang ,&nbsp;Hu Xue ,&nbsp;Chao He ,&nbsp;Tianhua Du ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Ji ,&nbsp;JinYu Hu ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Natalia A. Belyakova ,&nbsp;Youjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The whitefly <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Hemiptera: Gennadius) is a notorious and highly polyphagous agricultural pest that is well known for its ability to transmit a wide range of serious plant pathogenic viruses. The field populations of <em>B. tabaci</em> in some areas have developed resistance to thiamethoxam. We found that high expression of <em>CYP6EM1</em> can enhance the resistance of <em>B. tabaci</em> to dinotefuran. It is unclear whether <em>CYP6EM1</em> is involved in the resistance of <em>B. tabaci</em> to the same neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of <em>CYP6EM1</em> could be induced within 9 h after the exposure of <em>B. tabaci</em> adults to thiamethoxam. Molecular docking analyses, with a binding energy of −6.13 cal/mol, revealed a strong binding affinity between thiamethoxam and the CYP6EM1 protein, implying that <em>CYP6EM1</em> may be involved in thiamethoxam resistance. Compared with that in the susceptible strain, the mRNA expression level of the <em>CYP6EM1</em> gene was significantly greater in thiamethoxam-resistant strains (R^#1, 9.93-fold, <em>P</em> = 0.0008; R^#2, 40.43-fold, <em>P</em> = 0.0013; R^#3, 27.40-fold, <em>P</em> = 0.0002; R^#4, 21.63-fold, <em>P</em> = 0.0003 and R^#5, 28.65-fold, <em>P</em> = 0.0006). Loss and gain of function studies in vivo were performed via RNA interference and transgenic expression in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, and the results confirmed the role of <em>CYP6EM1</em> in conferring such resistance. An in vitro metabolism assay revealed that <em>CYP6EM1</em> directly metabolized 15.60 % of thiamethoxam. This study provides solid evidence for the critical role of <em>CYP6EM1</em> in the metabolism of thiamethoxam, which contributes to resistance. Our work provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying neonicotinoid resistance and contributes valuable insights for the sustainable management of global pests such as whiteflies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of chitin synthesis by the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb in Hyphantria cunea","authors":"Hang Zou ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Shengyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Guocai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fenoxycarb, a non-terpenoid carbamate with stomach and contact toxicity, is a promising insecticide affecting insect growth and development. However, fenoxycarb how to regulate insect digestion and absorption and chitin synthesis remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of fenoxycarb on growth, chitin synthesis, carbohydrate homeostasis, and digestive capabilities in <em>Hyphantria cunea</em>, a widespread agricultural and forestry pest, to clarify the action mechanism of fenoxycarb from the perspective of digestive function and carbohydrate metabolism, and confirmed that fenoxycarb significantly decreased chitin content, increased chitinase activity, and regulated the expression of genes related to chitin synthesis and degradation. Further studies showed that fenoxycarb significantly reduced glycogen content and increased glucose and trehalose contents, increased trehalase activity, and down-regulated trehalase synthesis and degradation related genes in the larvae, indicating abnormal metabolism of chitin synthesis substrates. Moreover, from the perspective of midgut digestive function, fenoxycarb significantly affected the activities of digestive enzymes in the midgut of the larvae, indicating that the larvae had digestive and absorption disorders. The findings provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism by which fenoxycarb abnormally promotes digestive enzyme activity in the midgut and eventually interferes with insect chitin synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation and characterisation of ALS inhibitor resistant Poa trivialis from Ireland","authors":"Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan ,&nbsp;Joel Torra ,&nbsp;Fabian Runge ,&nbsp;Hans de Jong ,&nbsp;José van de Belt ,&nbsp;Michael Hennessy ,&nbsp;Patrick Dermot Forristal","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relying on one broad-spectrum product to control grass weeds has resulted in cases of resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in species that were not the primary target such as <em>Poa trivialis</em> (POATR), in wheat fields in Ireland. In this study, we have characterised ALS inhibitor resistance in two populations of POATR-R, suspected of being resistant, to (i) sulfonylurea (SUs)-mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (the selecting agent), (ii) SU + sulfonylamino‑carbonyl-triazolinone (SCT)-mesosulfuron + propoxycarbazone, and (iii) triazolopyrimidine (TP)-pyroxsulam ALS chemistries. Resistant POATR-R populations showed ALS inhibitor cross-resistance associated with target-site resistance (TSR) mutations. Combined mutations (Pro-197 and Trp-574) were found in POATR-R plants; Trp-574-Leu in POATR-R1 conferring greater SUs, SU + SCT and TP (resistance index, RI &gt;214) resistance, while Pro-197-Thr in POATR-R2 (RI &gt;37) was associated with less resistance. The high levels of ALS inhibitor cross-resistance in POATR-R populations caused by TSR mutations are consistent with the ploidy status, as cytogenetic tests revealed that both the R and S populations were diploid (2n = 2× = 14). Cytochrome P450 inhibitor assays did not detect metabolism-based ALS resistance in POATR-R. Alternative herbicide modes of action, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pinoxaden, fenoxaprop, propaquizafop, cycloxydim or clethodim) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (glyphosate) inhibitors applied at the recommended label rate were highly effective on these resistant populations. Residual herbicides and cultural methods, as well as the judicious use of alternative in-crop herbicide options, should be prioritized as sustainable options for managing these ALS-resistant populations. This is first worldwide characterisation of resistance mechanisms in <em>P. trivialis</em> to ALS inhibitor chemistries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of thiobencarb herbicide-induced cytotoxicity mediated via disruption of calcium homeostasis in bovine mammary glands: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico study","authors":"Woonghee Lee ,&nbsp;Garam An ,&nbsp;Jinyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Hojun Lee ,&nbsp;Gwonhwa Song ,&nbsp;Whasun Lim ,&nbsp;Wooyoung Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contemporary agriculture, the predominant strategy for managing perennial weeds within agroecosystems involves the extensive use of herbicides. Thiobencarb is widely employed to control gramineous weeds during rice cultivation. This herbicide is commonly found in terrestrial environments and agricultural products. The harmful potential of thiobencarb has been reported, along with its adverse effects in exposed species. However, few studies have explored thiobencarb toxicity, specifically in dairy cows, despite the possibility of ingestion through soil residues. Exposure to xenobiotics can reduce the viability or impair the function of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), leading to compromised immune function and reduced milk production. Despite the known cytotoxicity of thiobencarb, its specific effects on BMECs remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of thiobencarb on milk production by examining its toxic effects and underlying mechanisms in BMECs. We assessed the cytotoxic effects of thiobencarb and analyzed various cellular responses upon exposure. Thiobencarb-induced apoptosis was associated with disrupted calcium homeostasis. Additionally, thiobencarb modulated AKT/MAPK proteins and increased mRNA levels of genes related to the inflammatory response. Furthermore, treatment of BMECs with thiobencarb suppressed the expression of genes related to milk production, including those encoding superoxide dismutase, tight junctions, and casein. Finally, we conducted an <em>in silico</em> molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity between thiobencarb and target proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pro197 resistance mutations occurring in different acetolactate synthase (ALS) isozymes on Descurainia sophia L. resistance to tribenuron-methyl","authors":"Yufang Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Xu ,&nbsp;Yubin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Han ,&nbsp;Mingqi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Descurainia sophia</em> L. is one of the most problematic broad-leaf weed infesting winter wheat in China, and have evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide of tribenuron-methyl. At least four ALS isozymes (ALS1 ∼ ALS4) exist in <em>D. sophia</em>, but these four ALS isozymes are not present in all <em>D. sophia</em>. In addition, amino acid mutations in ALS are mainly responsible for <em>D. sophia</em> resistance to tribenuron-methyl. In this study, <em>D. sophia</em> populations carrying homozygous mutation of Pro197Ser/Thr/Leu/Ala/His in ALS1 or in ALS2 were purified, respectively. Resistant <em>D. sophia</em> populations carrying mutant ALS exhibited 17 ∼ 694 folds resistance to tribenuorn-methyl. In addition, tribenuron-methyl resistance in <em>D. sophia</em> carrying ALS1 mutation was about 2.3 ∼ 11.4 folds higher than <em>D. sophia</em> with the same mutation in ALS2. The reduced binding affinity of ALS to tribenuron-methyl was mainly responsible for <em>D. sophia</em> resistance to tribenuron-methyl. However, the increase in resistance of <em>D. sophia</em> was not linear with the decrease of binding affinity of ALS to tribenuron-methyl. These results indicate that the effects of resistance mutations on ALS1 and ALS2 isozymes are not the same, and the ALS1 and ALS2 function differently in resistance evolution of <em>D. sophia</em> to tribenuron-methyl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}