Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Efficiency and resistance risk of flusilazole against northern corn leaf blight caused by Setosphaeria turcica","authors":"Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Song ,&nbsp;Jinli Li ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Chen ,&nbsp;Juntao Feng ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Ma ,&nbsp;Xili Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) infected by <em>Setosphaeria turcica</em> is a devastating disease of corn worldwide. Flusilazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide. However, its resistance risk and field efficiency in controlling NCLB are still unknown. The present research evaluated the antifungal activity of flusilazole against 101 <em>S. turcica</em> isolates, and their EC₅₀ values ranged from 0.0013 to 0.0466 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.0157 μg/mL. Seven <em>S. turcica</em> mutants resistant to flusilazole were obtained from two wild-type isolates by fungicide adaptation. After 10 consecutive transfers on PDA medium without fungicide, their resistance decreased. Cross-resistance was not existed between flusilazole and fluazinam, pyraclostrobin, amobam, epoxiconazole, or fluxapyroxad. Compared to the wild-type isolates, seven flusilazole-resistant mutants showed reduced biological fitness. No point mutation was detected, however, over-expression of <em>StCYP51</em> and <em>StatrD</em> genes were detected in the resistant mutants. In addition, in the field experiment, flusilazole exhibited over 85 % efficacy against NCLB, significantly higher than amobam. In summary, these results suggested that the resistance risk of <em>S. turcica</em> to flusilazole was low, and the over-expression of <em>StCYP51</em> and <em>StatrD</em> might be related to the flusilazole resistance against <em>S. turcica</em>. Flusilazole showed great potential as an alternative fungicide for controlling NCLB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of the CcCYP51A and CcCYP51B genes confer Corynespora cassiicola resistance to prochloraz","authors":"Yunyan Deng,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;LuLu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqiu Qi,&nbsp;Mingshan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cucumber Corynespora leaf spot caused by <em>Corynespora cassiicola</em> is the primary disease responsible for reducing cucumber yield, and prochloraz is the main fungicide used to control <em>C. cassiicola</em>. This study investigated the sensitivity and resistance mechanism of <em>C. cassiicola</em> isolates to prochloraz, and found that <em>C. cassiicola</em> has developed resistance to prochloraz. The prochloraz EC₅₀ values ranged from 0.02 to 2.33 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.436 ± 0.447 μg/mL. In total, 36 of 146 isolates exhibited prochloraz resistance. The resistant isolates had no fitness cost and could not be completely controlled by 50 μg/mL prochloraz on detached leaves. Prochloraz exhibited positive cross-resistance with propiconazole and tebuconazole but not with difenoconazole, carbendazim, trifloxystrobin and pydiflumetofen. The sensitive isolates had significantly lower ergosterol content than the resistant isolates after prochloraz treatment. Compared to sensitive isolates, prochloraz-resistant isolates had no <em>CcCYP51</em> gene mutation, but the <em>CcCYP51A</em> and <em>CcCYP51B</em> gene expression levels were significantly higher under the treatment of prochloraz. The overexpression of <em>CcCYP51A</em> and <em>CcCYP51B</em> were associated with prochloraz resistance in <em>C. cassiicola</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic structure and pyrimethanil resistance of Botrytis spp. causing gray mold on strawberry from greenhouses in Zhejiang, China","authors":"Xuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengsong Chen ,&nbsp;Hanxin Mao,&nbsp;Chuanqing Zhang,&nbsp;Jianyan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gray mold caused by <em>Botrytis</em> spp. is a common disease on various hosts, including strawberries. In this study, we obtained 59 <em>Botrytis</em> isolates from strawberries from greenhouses in Zhejiang Province, China. Identification of the sampled isolates at species level was performed by a duplex PCR assay method, the result showed that, in Zhejiang, gray mold on strawberry fruits is caused by a complex of <em>Botrytis</em> groups including <em>B. cinerea</em> group N (47.5 %) and <em>B. cinerea</em> group S (52.5 %). The sensitivities of all <em>Botrytis</em> isolates to pyrimethanil were determined based on discriminatory dose method on L-asparagine-based agar medium plate. Our results showed that the isolates obtained from the greenhouses with continuous use of pyrimethanil developed severe resistance to pyrimethanil, and the resistance frequencies of <em>B. cinerea</em> group N and group S isolates were 89.3 % and 41.9 %, respectively. By sequencing, four different resistance-related point mutations were identified in 38 <em>Botrytis</em> isolates: <em>Bcpos</em>5^L412F (16 isolates, 42.1 %), <em>Bcpos</em>5^L412V (14 isolates, 36.8 %), <em>Bcmdl</em>1^E407K (2 isolates, 5.3 %), and <em>Bcpos</em>5^L412S⸱<em>Bcmdl</em>1^E407K (1 isolate, 2.6 %). The exogenous addition of methionine could not completely alter the resistance of <em>Botrytis</em> isolates to pyrimethanil. In this study, the pyrimethanil resistance in <em>Botrytis</em> isolates was steadily inherited, and compared to the pyrimethanil-sensitive isolates, the resistant mutants exhibited good fitness in sporulation capacity, spore germination rate, and virulence on strawberries. In conclusion, our results provided a description of the genetic structure of <em>Botrytis</em> groups complex on strawberry fruits and reminded growers to focus on the stable pyrimethanil resistance in <em>Botrytis</em> isolates, caused by point mutations in BcPos5 and BcMdl1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic-induced mtDNA release promotes inflammatory responses through cGAS-STING signaling in chicken hepatocytes","authors":"Hang Pan ,&nbsp;Qian Su ,&nbsp;Panjing Hong ,&nbsp;Yanli You ,&nbsp;Limeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Junbo Zou ,&nbsp;Jingping Sun ,&nbsp;Gaolong Zhong ,&nbsp;Jianzhao Liao ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Tang ,&nbsp;Lianmei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arsenic is a toxic element that can cause severe liver damage in humans and animals. Arsenic-based inorganic pesticides, such as lead arsenate, copper arsenate, and calcium arsenate, are widely used for insect control and can eventually affect human health through accumulation in the food chain. However, the relationship between arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced hepatotoxicity and the cGAS-STING signaling pathway has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of inflammatory response in ATO-induced hepatotoxicity in chickens. In this study, we found that ATO exposure resulted in mtDNA leakage into the cytoplasm of chicken hepatocytes, which activated the cGAS-STING pathway and significantly increased the cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF7 mRNA and protein expression levels. Moreover, type I interferon response was activated. Concurrently, STING triggered the activation of the traditional NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Subsequently, we found that both mtDNA clearance with EtBr and inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway with H-151 reversed the ATO-induced innate immune and inflammatory responses. In summary, the above findings indicate that chicken hepatocytes can induce innate immune responses and inflammatory responses via mtDNA-cGAS-STING under ATO-exposure conditions, which is of great significance for further studies on the toxicity mechanism of ATO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid synthase 2 knockdown alters the energy allocation strategy between immunity and reproduction during infection by Micrococcus luteus in Locusta migratoria","authors":"Tingting Ma ,&nbsp;Ya Tang ,&nbsp;Yi Jin,&nbsp;Jiaying Xu,&nbsp;Huazhang Zhao,&nbsp;Min Zhou,&nbsp;Bin Tang,&nbsp;Shigui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immunity and reproduction are vital functions for the survival and population maintenance of female insects. However, owing to limited resources, these two functions cannot be fulfilled simultaneously, resulting in an energy tradeoff between them. Notably, the mechanisms underlying this immune-reproductive trade-off, in which energy competition likely plays a central role, remain poorly understood. Fatty acid synthase (<em>FAS</em>), a key gene involved in lipid synthesis and insect energy metabolism, was investigated in this study using <em>Locusta migratoria</em> as the research subject. Bacterial infection and RNA interference (RNAi) technology were used to examine changes in the immunity, fecundity, and energy metabolism patterns of locusts under different treatments. The findings of this study demonstrate that infection with <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> triggers an immune response in locusts, significantly upregulates the expression of defensin 3 (<em>DEF3</em>) and <em>Attacin</em>, and enhances pHenoloxidase (PO) activity. Upon <em>FAS2</em> silencing, bacterial attack upregulated <em>DEF3</em> and <em>Attacin</em> expression to a lesser extent, leading to increased lysozyme activity instead of PO. Furthermore, bacterial infection results in a decrease in glycogen and glucose content in the fat body, accompanied by a significant increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) content. However, after <em>FAS2</em> knockdown, both the lipid and carbohydrate contents were significantly reduced in the fat body. Compared with bacterial infection alone, low <em>FAS2</em> expression further exacerbated fecundity impairment in locusts. The expression levels of vitellogenin A (<em>VgA</em>) and vitellogenin B (<em>VgB</em>) were significantly low, with severe ovarian atrophy observed. Notably, the ovarian weight was only 21 % compared to that of the control group. Moreover, females exhibited minimal egg-laying behavior. In summary, our findings suggest that following <em>FAS2</em> gene silencing, there is a greater inclination toward immune stimulation energy activation in locusts, whereas reproductive investment is reduced. The outcomes of this study will contribute to the further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between immune and reproductive energy in locusts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of the glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase gene by RNA interference enhances the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis","authors":"Muhammad Shakeel ,&nbsp;Ashraf Khan ,&nbsp;Juan Du ,&nbsp;Abdul Basit ,&nbsp;Guangming Yang ,&nbsp;Khalid Haddi ,&nbsp;Sohail Abbas ,&nbsp;Aleena Alam ,&nbsp;Shangwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect cuticle acts as a first line of defense and a physical protective barrier against entomopathogens. Chitin biosynthesis pathway plays a crucial role in chitin formation in the cuticle of insects. Glucosamine-6-phosphate <em>N</em>-acetyltransferase (GNA) is a key enzyme in insect chitin biosynthesis that regulate the chitin formation. However, how GNA-mediated cuticle metabolism influences virulence of entomopathogenic fungi is still unknown. In this study, <em>CmGNA gene</em> was cloned and characterized from the rice leaffolder <em>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</em>. The <em>CmGNA</em> contains an open read frame (ORF) 600 nucleotides, encoding 199 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 8.65 and a molecular weight of 22.30 kDa. The expression profile showed that <em>CmGNA</em> was highly expressed in 4th instar larvae and in the cuticle. Here, we also reported the impact of <em>CmGNA</em> gene and entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana,</em> on expression pattern of chitin biosynthesis genes, feeding behavior, survival rate and average body weight of infected larvae, phenotypic deformities, rate of pupation, and adult emergence. Our results showed that knockdown of <em>CmGNA</em> and application of <em>M. anisopliae</em> and <em>B. bassiana</em> three days after RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased the expression of <em>CmGNA</em> and other associated genes, reduced feeding efficiency and survival rate, and caused loss of average body weight, less rate of pupation and adult emergence of infected larvae. Knockdown of <em>CmGNA</em> gene also increased the lethality of larvae caused by <em>M. anisopliae</em> and <em>B. bassiana</em> and resulted in significantly phenotypic deformities of infected larvae. Our findings illustrated that RNAi-mediated <em>CmGNA</em> knockdown disturbed the chitin synthesis genes that led to enhancing the virulence of <em>M. anisopliae</em> and <em>B. bassiana</em>, which can provide us new insights to develop novel biocontrol strategies against <em>C. medinalis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357524003523/pdfft?md5=bb31c7ddbaed68f6bae2ccfeeace26d3&pid=1-s2.0-S0048357524003523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative potential of velutin against abamectin induced cardiac toxicity via regulating JAK1/STAT3, NF-κB, Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling pathways: An insight from molecular docking","authors":"Mahmoud El Safadi ,&nbsp;Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Majeebullah ,&nbsp;Adnan Ali ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Emam ,&nbsp;Giorgio Antoniolli ,&nbsp;Tawaf Ali Shah ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abamectin (ABN) is an agricultural insecticide that is reported to damage various body organs including the heart. Velutin (VLN) is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a wide range of medicinal properties. This study was planned to investigate the medicinal value of VLN against ABN induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two male albino rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) were divided into four equal groups including the control, ABN (10 mg/kg), ABN (10 mg/kg) + VLN (20 mg/kg), and VLN (20 mg/kg) alone administrated group. The doses were administrated for 6 weeks orally. The results demonstrated that ABN intoxication promoted the gene expression of Nrf-2 and its associated antioxidant genes including <em>glutathione reductase (GSR), heme‑oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)</em> while reducing the gene expression of Keap-1 as well as levels of ROS and MDA. Moreover, ABN exposure enhanced the gene expression of Janus kinase-1 (JAK1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), NF-κB, TNF-α, C-reactive proteins, Interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), IL-1β, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and COX-2. The concentrations of CK-MB, Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CPK, troponin-I, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and LDH were elevated after ABN administration. ABN intoxication abruptly upregulated the levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax while reducing the levels of Bcl-2 in cardiac tissues. Additionally, ABN exposure prompted various histopathological damages. Nevertheless, VLN treatment remarkably protected the cardiac tissues via regulating aforementioned disruptions. Lastly, molecular docking analysis was performed to determine the potential affinity of VLN and targeted protein i.e., <em>Bax, NF-kB, Nrf-2/Keap1, JAK1 and STAT3</em>. Our in-silico evaluation showed a strong binding affinitybetween VLN and the targeted proteins which further confirms its effectiveness as a cardioprotective agent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004835752400350X/pdfft?md5=c9f983a1cf09ccc4120be9008271c011&pid=1-s2.0-S004835752400350X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The down-regulation of salivary protein gene expression by etofenprox partially contributed to reducing the risk of increased fecundity in the brown planthopper","authors":"Haoli Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Yuan ,&nbsp;Tianshun He ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingting Wang ,&nbsp;Huihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xumin Lin ,&nbsp;Zewen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Etofenprox is a pyrethroid insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects. Due to its low toxicity to aquatic animals, it is permitted for use in controlling insect pests in rice fields. The brown planthopper (BPH), <em>Nilaparvata lugens,</em> a significant piercing-sucking pest feeding on rice exclusively, secretes various salivary components when feeding. Salivary proteins are essential for BPH feeding, but their response to etofenprox is not well understood. The application of etofenprox down-regulated the expression of 21 salivary protein genes, among which 9 genes (<em>NlShpa</em>, <em>Salivap 3</em>, <em>CA</em>, <em>NlSEF1</em>, <em>Nl12</em>, <em>NlHSC70–3</em>, <em>NlSP1</em>, <em>NlG14</em>, and <em>NlDNAJB9</em>) showed significant differences. Most differentially expressed genes are found important for BPH physiological processes, except <em>Nl12</em>. Here we found that silencing <em>Nl12</em> impeded ovary development, thereby inhibiting oocyte formation. The potential explanation was that <em>Nl12</em> was highly expressed in both salivary gland and ovary, and the ovary development abnormality may be due to the direct effect from expression reduction in ovary and/or indirect influence from expression reduction in salivary gland. Altogether, our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of action of etofenprox on insect pests and explain part of the reason why etofenprox does not stimulate reproduction in BPH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juvenile hormone inhibits lipogenesis of Spodoptera exigua to response to Bacillus thuringiensis GS57 infection","authors":"Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Yujie Ji ,&nbsp;Dan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yitong Yan ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Yifan Xie ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Shi ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) has brought environmental benefits and delayed resistance development of pests. Most studies focus on the Bt insecticidal activity against pests, however, the molecular mechanism of Bt on impairing the growth and development of <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> remains unknown. Here, we show that juvenile hormone (JH) inhibits the lipogenesis mediated by <em>fatty acid synthases</em> (<em>Fas</em>) of <em>S. exigua</em> in response to Bt infection. The weight and lipid accumulation of <em>S. exigua</em> larvae post Bt infection were less than those of larvae without Bt infection. We further demonstrated that Bt infection causes the JH titer with a significant increase, which downregulates the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, <em>SeFas3</em>, <em>SeFas4</em>, and <em>SeFas5</em>, resulting in the delayed development of <em>S. exigua</em> larvae<em>.</em> In addition, the expression levels of <em>SeFas</em> genes were regulated by <em>SeACC</em>, indicating that <em>SeFas</em> genes were modulated by multiple pathways. Our findings reveal that novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired development caused by Bt infection which can inform the development of strategies for the sustainable pest control in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosuppressin signaling deficiency affects ovarian development via repression of 20-hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis in Grapholita molesta","authors":"Jie Cheng ,&nbsp;Jing-Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Tian-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Hui-Ming Xiang ,&nbsp;Xian-Wei Li ,&nbsp;Rui-Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhi-Guo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is crucial in regulating ovarian development. However, the neuropeptidergic mechanisms underlying ovarian development via 20E are underexplored. In this study, we investigated myosuppressin (MS) signaling in the dominant fruit pest <em>Grapholita molesta</em> and revealed that MS signaling is necessary for 20E biosynthesis during ovarian maturation. Pharmacological and molecular docking analyses confirmed that the GmMS mature peptide could activate its receptor GmMSR. Additionally, transcript expression analyses of <em>GmMS</em> and <em>GmMSR</em> showed different distribution patterns in adults. Notably, <em>GmMSR</em> was also detected in the ovaries of sexually mature females. RNAi-mediated dysfunction of <em>GmMS</em> or <em>GmMSR</em> specifically decreased fertility in females. Furthermore, <em>GmMS</em> or <em>GmMSR</em> knockdown decreased vitellogenin synthesis and uptake, thereby delaying ovarian development. RNA-seq, gene expression validation, and hormone quantification further revealed that GmMS signaling depletion blocked 20E biosynthesis in the ovary. Finally, exogenous MS rescued most dsGmMS<em>-</em> or dsGmMSR-induced ovarian defects and 20E titers. These results suggest that MS/MSR-to-20E signaling regulates ovarian development through vitellogenesis, providing a new perspective on the development of neuroendocrine targets that suppress pest field populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}