Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Cytoprotective effect of l-carnitine against mancozeb-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes","authors":"Ruhul Quds,&nbsp;Monika Sharma,&nbsp;Riaz Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mancozeb is a commonly used fungicide that protects crops from numerous fungal pathogens. However, due to its widespread application, mancozeb has emerged as a significant human health hazard. Mancozeb causes oxidative damage to human cells, including erythrocytes. In this study, we have investigated the cytoprotective potential of the dietary antioxidant, <span>l</span>-carnitine, on mancozeb-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with 100 μM mancozeb for 24 h caused a substantial elevation of markers of hemoglobin, lipid and protein oxidation. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were considerably increased, and the antioxidant defense system of erythrocytes was severely compromised. Several enzymes catalyzing vital metabolic processes in erythrocytes were significantly inhibited. Mancozeb damaged the plasma membrane, increasing osmotic fragility and cell lysis. Membrane damage resulted in morphological transformation of the normal biconcave erythrocytes to echinocytes and stomatocytes. Erythrocytes incubated with <span>l</span>-carnitine (100–750 μM) for 2 h prior to mancozeb treatment showed a marked reduction in oxidative damage. <span>l</span>-carnitine effectively neutralized free radicals and reactive species, thereby significantly diminishing oxidative stress. The activities of antioxidant and metabolic enzymes were also restored. Preincubation with <span>l</span>-carnitine stabilized the erythrocyte membrane and maintained its standard biconcave shape. Incubation of erythrocytes with <span>l</span>-carnitine alone did not alter any of the above parameters. Thus, <span>l</span>-carnitine can serve as an effective protectant against pesticide-induced cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive flavonoids from Leucosceptrum canum with nematicidal efficacy and mechanistic insights through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and docking study","authors":"Himani Karakoti ,&nbsp;Ravendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Om Prakash ,&nbsp;Anamika Dhami ,&nbsp;Satya Kumar ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leucosceptrum canum</em>, a rare Himalayan plant, shows significant bioactive properties, with its nematicidal potential investigated here for the first time. This study isolated and characterized flavonoids from L. <em>canum</em>, assessing their efficacy against the plant-parasitic nematode <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified three active flavonoids: Pectolinarigenin, 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone and Acacetin, structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and literature comparisons. The flavonoids exhibited dose-dependent nematicidal activity, with percent mortalities after 96 h of 100 %, 92 %, and 59 %, respectively. LC₅₀ values of Pectolinarigenin (11.79 μg/mL), 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (230.54 μg/mL), and Acacetin (679.67 μg/mL) were recorded, comparable to the standard nematicide Nimitz (LC₅₀: 0.01 μg/mL). These flavonoids also showed strong to moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 17.09, 86.72, and 142.2 μg/mL, respectively, nearing the efficacy of standard, physostigmine (IC₅₀: 19.37 μg/mL), suggesting a neuromuscular mechanism of action. The enzyme kinetics analysis of pectolinarigenin revealed it to be a reversible inhibitor of AChE exhibiting mixed-type inhibition, with inhibition constant of 15.94 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (−7.8 to −7.2 kcal/mol) at the AChE active site, highlighting key hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, underscoring the potential of these flavonoids as eco-friendly nematicidal alternatives. This study establishes L. <em>canum</em> as a valuable source of flavonoids with dual nematicidal and AChE inhibitory properties, supported by integrated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> studies. It underscores the untapped phytochemical wealth of Himalayan flora for sustainable nematode management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of copper-based fungicides on the growth and tolerance of Helicoverpa armigera: implications for pest management","authors":"Wenhui Lu,&nbsp;Yuhao Liu,&nbsp;Ruobing Guan,&nbsp;Qing Zhai,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu,&nbsp;Wenli Zhao,&nbsp;Shiheng An,&nbsp;Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal pollution, particularly from copper (Cu)-based fungicides, has emerged as a major environmental issue. The extensive and frequent use of these fungicides in agriculture, coupled with their persistent residues on plant surfaces, necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their effects on surrounding organisms. This study specifically targets <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> larvae to systematically evaluate changes in their viability and ecological fitness in response to excessive Cu²⁺ exposure by simulating field-relevant dosages of Cu-containing fungicides. The results indicate that, at the tested doses, excessive Cu²⁺ treatment had an insignificant impact on the developmental indices of <em>H. armigera</em> larvae. However, it significantly stimulated genetic expression and metabolic activity, notably enhancing the expression of trehalases and detoxification enzymes such as GST, CarE, and CYP450 across various tissues. This metabolic enhancement led to increased food intake in the larvae, thereby strengthening their tolerance to pesticides (azadirachtin, chlorfenapyr, and chlorantraniliprole) under both contact and ingestion toxicity. Moreover, the increased Cu²⁺ exposure reduced the parasitism rate, egg-laying capacity, and host preference of parasitic wasps. Further investigation revealed that <em>H. armigera</em> larvae primarily expel excess Cu through fecal excretion and molting. This study underscores the importance of evaluating the broader ecological impacts of Cu-based fungicides beyond their primary use for pathogen control. The findings provide essential insights into the mechanisms underlying the resurgence of <em>H. armigera</em> and offer theoretical guidance for the rational integration and application of fungicides and pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of AccCPR in Apis cerana cerana under pesticide and heavy metal stress","authors":"Li Lei,&nbsp;Chunyu Yang,&nbsp;Jing Du,&nbsp;Zhenguo Liu,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Hongfang Wang,&nbsp;Xuepeng Chi,&nbsp;Baohua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (<em>CPR</em>) plays important roles in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous compounds through cytochrome P450, and is also involved in the detoxification of insecticides mediated by cytochrome P450. However, the <em>CPR</em> from <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> has not been well characterized and its function is still undescribed. This study isolated the <em>CPR</em> gene from <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> and investigated its functional role in the resistance to pesticide and heavy metal stress. Bioinformatic analysis revealed significant homology between the gene and its counterparts in other species. Functional investigations demonstrated diverse expression and localization patterns of this gene, with <em>AccCPR</em> primarily expressed in muscular tissues and the gut, suggesting its potential roles in flight activities and intestinal barrier function of bees. Furthermore, the expression levels of this gene were significantly modulated under pesticide and heavy metal stress. Notably, the overexpression of <em>AccCPR</em> led to a marked alteration the tolerance to external stressors in <em>E. coli</em>. Additionally, the silencing of the <em>AccCPR</em> gene resulted in a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression levels of genes associated with antioxidant functions. Consequently, the mortality rate of <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> under imidacloprid stress was significantly elevated. Taken together, our findings suggest that <em>AccCPR</em> may play a pivotal role in the resistance of <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> to abiotic stresses such as pesticides and heavy metals by regulating antioxidant pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutathione-s-transferase regulates oxidative stress in Megalurothrips usitatus in response to environmental stress","authors":"Wenbo Dong ,&nbsp;Youxing Zou ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Tianbao Huang ,&nbsp;Wayne Jiang ,&nbsp;Fen Li ,&nbsp;Shaoying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating environmental pollution, coupled with the degradation of the ozone layer, has led to an increase in ultraviolet radiation (UV) at the Earth's surface. There is also a growing accumulation of pesticide residues in the environment. These stressors are exerting a profound impact on insect populations. When insects are subjected to adverse environmental stressors, their antioxidant enzymes can quickly respond with appropriate feedback adjustments, facilitating their adaptation to environmental changes. Glutathione S-transferases (GST), integral members of a multifunctional supergene family in insects, are pivotal in countering environmental stress and detoxifying chemical agents. Through transcriptomic screening and RT-qPCR, this investigation identified <em>MuGSTs1</em> as a gene whose expression is significantly altered under UV stress. The application of RNAi confirmed the gene's function in managing oxidative stress induced by UV and lambda-cyhalothrin. The research demonstrated that <em>Megalurothrips usitatus</em>, the <em>M. usitatus</em>, adapts to these stressors by modulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby exhibiting a robust adaptability to UV light and lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Experimental silencing of <em>MuGSTs1</em> has been shown to impair the <em>M. usitatus</em>'s oxidative stress management, resulting in accelerated cellular apoptosis and an increased susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin, with sensitivity being augmented by a factor of 2.89. These findings provide a theoretical framework for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of insects to environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coat protein I genes are essential for the morphogenesis of the intestinal tract in Locusta migratoria","authors":"Xiaojian Liu,&nbsp;Mingzhu Ji,&nbsp;Ya Gao,&nbsp;Yao Li,&nbsp;Zhangwu Zhao,&nbsp;Jianzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coat protein I (COPI) complex is crucial in several significant physiological processes in eukaryotes. The assembly of COPI vesicles is initiated by the recruitment of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) to the membrane. Previous studies have primarily focused on the roles of COPI in yeast, humans, insects, and beyond <em>Drosophila</em>. However, the function of COPI during the development of insects remains largely unknown. In this study, we first identified eight COPI assembly genes, including <em>α</em>-, <em>β</em>-, <em>β'-</em>, <em>γ</em>-, <em>δ</em>-, <em>ε</em>-, <em>ζ</em>-<em>COPI</em>, and <em>Arf1</em> in <em>Locusta migratoria</em>. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that these genes were uniformly expressed in multiple tissues, including wing pads, leg, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and gastric cecum, and on all developmental days in 5th-instar nymphs. The injection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) against <em>LmCOPI</em> and <em>LmArf1</em> induced high silencing efficiency in the 3rd- and 5th-instar nymphs. Locusts treated with ds<em>LmCOPIs</em> and ds<em>LmArf1</em> exhibited feeding cessation, leading to 100 % mortality. <em>LmCOPIs</em> and <em>LmArf1</em> knockdown resulted in midgut and gastric cecum atrophy. Histological observation and hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that the midgut and gastric cecum exhibited deformed structures, with defective microvilli and midgut peritrophic matrix. These results suggest that <em>LmCOPIs</em> and <em>LmArf1</em> significantly affect the intestinal tract morphogenesis in locust nymphs. Thus, <em>COPI</em> assembly genes are promising RNA interference targets for managing <em>L</em>. <em>migratoria</em>, reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides for pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal activities of essential oil from Hedychium coronarium rhizome and its mixture of compounds against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Pachara Vijitkul ,&nbsp;Wanchai Pluempanupat ,&nbsp;Narisara Piyasaengthong ,&nbsp;Vasakorn Bullangpoti","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an insect pest that severely affects agricultural crops worldwide. This species can generally be controlled using synthetic insecticides, but these insecticides can cause several adverse effects. Therefore, many people prefer to utilize plant-based insecticides, especially plant essential oils, as alternatives for managing insect pests. The goal of this study was to examine the insecticidal effects of <em>Hedychium coronarium</em> rhizome essential oil (HCEO) and its major compounds against <em>S. frugiperda</em>. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of HCEO identified 1,8-cineole (39.54 %), β-pinene (25.44 %), α-pinene (12.55 %) and limonene (4.68 %) as the major compounds. The assessed LD₅₀ value for HCEO on <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae via topical application at 24 h was 8.25 μg/larva. Among the major compounds tested, 1,8-cineole demonstrated the highest toxicity, followed by limonene, β-pinene and α-pinene, with LD₅₀ values of 12.65, 14.17, 23.97 and 29.12 μg/larva, respectively. Furthermore, all combinations of the four major compounds (1,8-cineole, β-pinene, α-pinene and limonene) exhibited synergistic insecticidal effects on <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae. Additionally, HCEO and its major compounds had deleterious effects on the growth and development of <em>S. frugiperda</em>. The egg-hatching rate was also reduced. Moreover, <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae treated with HCEO and 1,8-cineole presented a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. In summary, our findings suggest that HCEO and its major compounds have effective insecticidal activity for the control of <em>S. frugiperda</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential contributions of the ryanodine receptor I4723M and I4723K mutations to diamide resistance in Spodoptera litura","authors":"Wenjuan Mei,&nbsp;Guiqun Yang,&nbsp;Guofang Ye,&nbsp;Yihua Yang,&nbsp;Yidong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The common cutworm, <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, is a significant pest that damaging various crops. Previous research has shown that the I4723M mutation in the ryanodine receptor of <em>S. litura</em> (SlRyR), which is equivalent to the <em>Plutella xylostella</em> RyR I4790M, confers approximately 20-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole. Recently, we identified a new I4723K mutation in SlRyR, in addition to I4723M, from the HZ23 population of <em>S. litura</em> collected in 2023 from Huizhou, Guangdong province, China. This study characterized the resistance to diamides conferred by these two point mutations of SlRyR. The HZ23 population demonstrated an 81-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole, and the frequencies of the wild type allele 4723I and two mutant alleles 4723M and 4723K were 0.055, 0.93 and 0.015, respectively. Through marker-assisted selection, we isolated three strains from the HZ23 population, named HZ-4723I, HZ-4723M, and HZ-4723K, homozygous for each of the three alleles. Compared to the HZ-4723I strain, the HZ-4723M strain displayed medium-level resistance (23- to 43-fold), whereas the HZ-4723K strain exhibited high-level resistance (&gt; 500-fold) to four diamides including chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and tetraniliprole. Genetic analysis revealed that resistance to chlorantraniliprole conferred by either I4723M or I4723K mutations was autosomal, incompletely recessive, and tightly linked with the SlRyR mutations. Given that the I4723K mutation confers much higher levels of diamide resistance than the I4723M mutation, the continued intensive use of diamide insecticides is likely to increase the frequency of the I4723K mutation in <em>S. litura</em> field populations. Our findings provide valuable insights for the monitoring and management of diamide resistance in this pest species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterizations of transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) in Aedes albopictus","authors":"Haiyan Lv ,&nbsp;Guanlong Wang ,&nbsp;Xinheng Wu ,&nbsp;Dingxin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aedes albopictus</em> is a potent vector of major arboviruses that cause serious health burdens and economic losses in worldwide. To facilitate the exploration of potential mosquito repellents, the <em>Ae. albopictus</em> TRPA1 (<em>AalTRPA1</em>) gene was cloned and investigated its molecular characteristics by bioinformatics techniques and the function using electrophysiological and RNAi techniques. In vitro expression and electrophysiological analysis of <em>Xenopus</em> oocytes showed that high temperature and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) could activate the <em>AalTRPA1</em> channel. After interfering with this gene, <em>Ae. albopictus</em> was insensitive to temperature changes, was more easily hurt and shot down by noxious heat; it was also insensitive to catnip, and the effect of repellent was poor. We firstly identified the molecular characterization of <em>AalTRPA1</em> subfamily genes and their key role in temperature and irritant perception in <em>Ae. albopictus</em>, and then the <em>AalTRPA1</em> has the potential to develop a new mosquito repellent target against <em>Ae. albopictus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity and active compound identification of Myrothecium spp. against grape anthracnose and gray mold","authors":"Linlin Gao ,&nbsp;Yijie Zhai ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wu ,&nbsp;Yuwei Li ,&nbsp;Yanchun Fan ,&nbsp;Junqiang Guo ,&nbsp;Xiping Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grape anthracnose and gray mold, caused by <em>Elsinoë ampelina</em> and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, are devastating fungal diseases resulting in remarkable loss to grapevine production. In this study, the biological control potential of three strains of <em>Myrothecium</em> spp. against <em>E</em>. <em>ampelina</em> and <em>B. cinerea</em> was investigated. The hypha and culture filtrate of <em>Myrothecium</em> spp. exhibited an antifungal activity against <em>E</em>. <em>ampelina</em>. <em>M. cinctum</em>, <em>M. roridum</em>, and <em>Albifimbria verrucaria</em> exhibited biocontrol efficacy of 62.82 %, 80.26 %, and 89.58 % for grape anthracnose in <em>V. vinifera</em> ‘Thompson seedless’ leaves at 6 days post-inoculation (dpi), respectively. Furthermore, <em>A. verrucaria</em> significantly reduced the disease index of gray mold by 41.56 % and 49.38 % in <em>V. vinifera</em> ‘Thompson seedless’ leaves at 4 dpi. The relative biomass of <em>B. cinerea</em> was significantly decreased after treatment with culture filtrate of <em>A. verrucaria</em> in berries at 2 and 4 dpi. Combining the inhibition assay of the conidial germination of <em>B. cinerea</em>, the active compounds of <em>A. verrucaria</em> were purified using column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. One active compound was identified as verrucarin A by nuclear magnetic resonance. Verrucarin A remarkably inhibited the mycelial growth of <em>E. ampelina</em>, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, and <em>Coniella vitis</em> at concentrations of 20 μg/mL. The disease incidence of gray mold was significantly reduced by 10.49 % in <em>V. vinifera</em> ‘Red Globe’ berries after treatment with verrucarin A at 5 dpi compared with control, and the biocontrol efficacy reached 66.22 %. This study demonstrates that <em>Myrothecium</em> spp. could be developed as an effective biocontrol agent against grape anthracnose and gray mold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}