Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Algicidal activity and mechanism of novel Bacillamide a derivative against red tide algae Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum","authors":"Huili Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Li ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Ronglian Xing ,&nbsp;Hongxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenguang Jia ,&nbsp;Lihong Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Yu ,&nbsp;Zhihong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent red tide outbreaks pose a serious threat to biodiversity and the safety of aquatic ecosystems. Bacillamides showed algicidal activity against algae. However, the low natural concentrations and their structural complexity hinder development of these molecules. Inspired by the natrual algicide Bacillamide A, a series of thiourea derivatives were synthesized. Bacillamide A derivative (<strong>3B</strong>) showed excellent algicidal activity against <em>S. costatum</em> (EC₅₀ = 0.52 μg/mL) and <em>P. minimum</em> (EC₅₀ = 2.99 μg/mL), respectively. In addition, it has low toxicity to mammals and is less toxic than copper sulfate. <strong>3B</strong> treatment resulted in loss of algal cell integrity. It also decreased the Chlorophyll a content and <em>Fv/fm</em> of algal cells, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen. 3B also induced expression of the photosynthetic genes, including <em>psaB</em>, <em>psbB</em>, as well as the antioxidant genes <em>SOD2</em> and <em>CAT</em>. This study demonstrates that Bacillamide A derivatives could provide a safer alternative for red tide algal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of chemosensory proteins in three sympatric Tomicus bark beetles feeding on Pinus yunnanensis: Implication for the conservation and divergence of ligand-binding profiles","authors":"Lin-Mei Pu ,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Yue Lu ,&nbsp;An-Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Li-Li Liu ,&nbsp;Nai-Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three sympatric <em>Tomicus</em> bark beetles, <em>Tomicus yunnanensis</em>, <em>Tomicus brevipilosus</em> and <em>Tomicus minor</em> that coexist in the trunks of a pine but occupy different spatiotemporal ecological niches, are the best-studied examples for addressing functional differentiation of chemosensory protein (CSP) orthologs. Here, totally 36 CSP-coding genes belonging to 12 groups of orthologs were identified from three <em>Tomicus</em> beetles. <em>Tomicus</em> CSP orthologs shared the high conservation and slight differences in sequence characteristics, phylogenetic relationships and tissue expression profiles. Binding assays revealed that 12 antenna-enriched <em>Tomicus</em> CSPs could respond strongly to non-host volatiles, pheromones and insecticides where each group of CSP orthologs presented diverse ligand-binding properties. CSP1 and CSP2 could interact strongly with benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde (dissociation constant, K_i &lt; 14 μM) whereas CSP10 and CSP11 preferred to bind 1-hexanol and acetophenone (K_i &lt; 13 μM). All the proteins were tuned to chlorpyrifos with particularly high affinities (K_i &lt; 10 μM). Two conserved residues (glutamine, Q64 and leucine, L72) of CSP11 orthologs contributed to the specific binding to optimal ligands, but exhibited opposite binding properties between chlorpyrifos and other four compounds. Our study sheds light on the functional conservation and divergence of <em>Tomicus</em> CSP orthologs in olfactory reception and insecticide resistance, implying the correlation between ecological niche differentiation and olfactory specialization in three <em>Tomicus</em> bar beetles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublethal indoxacarb exposure alters pheromone production and ovarian development in the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis","authors":"Yunhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Shuangyan Yao ,&nbsp;Mengfang Du ,&nbsp;Shiheng An","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Conogethes punctiferalis</em>, a major pest of peach and other fruit trees, causes significant damage by boring into fruits during its larval stage. Indoxacarb, a sodium channel blocker insecticide, has been widely applied in agriculture and horticulture for pest control, particularly against larval pests. However, its effects on adult insects remain largely unexplored. Present study employed <em>C. punctiferalis</em> as model to investigate the toxic effects of indoxacarb on adult moths. The results showed that sublethal exposure to indoxacarb significantly reduced the release of sex pheromones, reduced female attraction to males, and lowered mating success rate. Further investigations indicated that exposure to sublethal indoxacarb resulted in a significant decrease in Ca²⁺ levels in the pheromone gland (PG), subsequently affecting the activities of calcineurin and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as well as affecting the expression levels of genes related to sex pheromone biosynthesis. Physiological assays revealed that indoxacarb exposure significantly reduced trehalose content, hexokinase activity, and pyruvic acid content in the PG. Moreover, ovarian development was hindered as the exposure led to reduced ovarian size and vitellogenin (Vg) content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed change in genes linked to ovarian development, including <em>Vg</em>, vitellogenin receptor (<em>VgR</em>), and genes related to lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that indoxacarb exerts a dual regulatory effect on adult <em>C. punctiferalis</em>, inhibiting both sex pheromone biosynthesis and ovarian development. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which sublethal pesticide exposure influences adult moths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinosyn resistance and cross-resistance – A 25 year review and analysis","authors":"Thomas C. Sparks ,&nbsp;Frank J. Wessels ,&nbsp;Trent Perry ,&nbsp;Michael J. Price ,&nbsp;Melissa W. Siebert ,&nbsp;David G.J. Mann","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spinosyns were introduced more than 25 years ago (spinosad - Qalcova™ active, 1997) and later followed by spinetoram (Jemvelva™ active, 2007), for the control of a wide range of pest insects, especially lepidopterans and thrips. Although IRM guidelines were initiated at the time of introduction, there have been some cases of overuse, resulting in resistance development in several pest insect species. Additionally, laboratory selection for spinosyn resistance has been a tool to investigate the mode of action of the spinosyns. As part of an ongoing effort to understand the scope of resistance to the spinosyns, &gt;400 studies covering &gt;1100 cases were analyzed where resistance to the spinosyns was examined (field or laboratory studies) or spinosyns were examined for cross-resistance to other insecticides. To date there have been 400 cases where spinosyn-selected resistance was investigated, with half in field strains of which only a few were associated with sub-optimal control. Most cases of field selected spinosyn resistance involved thrips (46 %), lepidopterans (22 %) or dipterans (18 %). Importantly, only a small percentage of the field selected spinosyn resistance cases show high levels of resistance (&gt;1000-fold), with many (∼30 %) exhibiting either no or limited levels of resistance. There was no correlation in spinosyn-selected insects for cross-resistance to other insecticide classes (e.g. neonicotinoids, avermectins diamides, pyrethroids). Analysis of 400+ studies indicates that cross-resistance to the spinosyns from other insecticides is also unlikely, potentially driven by the unique chemistry and novel mode of action of the spinosyns. Thus, the overall impact of spinosyn resistance is far less than might be implied from the large and expanding body of studies over the last 25 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Honey bees prefer moderate sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid and experience increased mortality” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 208 (2025) 106320].","authors":"Jingliang Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translocation, distribution, and metabolism of tolfenpyrad in soil-cultivated and hydroponic endive (Cichorium endivia) and the assessment of potential health risk","authors":"Fanxia Liao ,&nbsp;Huijun Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaotao Wu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Aihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Shi ,&nbsp;Kankan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tolfenpyrad is broadly used in the agricultural industry; however, the environmental fate of tolfenpyrad in crops has not been clearly demonstrated. In this work, the translocation and distribution of tolfenpyrad were investigated in endive under soil-cultivated and hydroponic conditions. Endive roots can easily absorb and accumulate tolfenpyrad from cultivation media due to the high bioconcentration factors (&gt; &gt; 1). Except for the easy downward translocation in hydroponic endive (translocation factors (TFs) close to 1), the upward and downward translocation was limited (TF &lt; 1). Moreover, three metabolites were identified. Tolfenpyrad dissipated quickly in hydroponic endive (half-lives of 5.2–6.9 d) and the health risk is acceptable (risk quotient &lt;100 %). These findings may be attributed to the hydrophobicity of tolfenpyrad, as well as specific morphological and growth rate properties of endive under different cultivation conditions. The results provide information for the proper application of tolfenpyrad and risk prevention in crops for consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing fatty acyl-CoA reductase with dsRNA damaged the lipid-based cuticle barrier in Locusta migratoria","authors":"Hongfang Guo ,&nbsp;Weimin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Liu ,&nbsp;Bernard Moussian ,&nbsp;Zhangwu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) prevent massive water loss and are therefore essential for insect survival in scorching and dry environments. <em>Locusta migratoria</em>, a widespread agricultural pest, is exposed to elevated temperatures in its natural habitat. To understand the molecular mechanisms in L. <em>migratoria</em> against desiccation, we identified and characterized a <em>fatty acyl-CoA reductase</em> gene (<em>LmFAR</em>). <em>LmFAR</em> was highly expressed in the integument and fat body. Moreover, we found that LmFAR protein was localized in oenocytes. After suppressing <em>LmFAR</em>, over 90 % locusts died with a reduction of body water content. The procuticle structure of ds<em>LmFAR</em> treated insects was loose and cuticle barrier was disrupted, suggesting that FAR products are important to incorporate into the chitin matrix. ds<em>LmFAR</em> treated locusts showed increased sensitivity to desiccation conditions, xenobiotics and insecticides penetration was facilitated. CHC quantification by GC–MS analysis and <em>in situ</em> lipid detection by Bodipy both indicated that knockdown of <em>LmFAR</em> resulted in a decrease in total cuticle lipid amounts. In conclusion, <em>LmFAR</em> contributes to normal CHC amounts and cuticle integrity in locusts, thereby contributing to their adaptation to water variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the variations in acaricide sensitivity between two spider mite species, Amphitetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus urticae, in Chinese orchards","authors":"Xueli Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amphitetranychus viennensis</em> and <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>, are destructive agricultural and horticultural pests. Their management primarily relies on acaricides; however, little is known about the susceptibility of these two species to these chemicals. The current study assessed the susceptibility of <em>A. viennensis</em> and <em>T. urticae</em> to ten acaricides, investigated the detoxification enzyme activities, and conducted transcriptional analyses after bifenazate and cyetpyrafen exposure. The results showed that the LC₅₀ values of most acaricides against <em>T. urticae</em> were notably higher than those for <em>A. viennensis</em> at different developmental stages. At the adult stage, <em>A. viennensis</em> was more tolerant to bifenazate than <em>T. urticae,</em> while <em>A. viennensis</em> showed increased sensitivity to cyetpyrafen than <em>T. urticae</em>. After cyetpyrafen exposure, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in <em>T. urticae</em> were markedly higher at 6 and 12 h, whereas that in <em>A. viennensis</em> increased only at 6 h. No notable differences in cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) levels were found in <em>T. urticae</em> between the control and treatment groups (cyetpyrafen or bifenazate). However, <em>A. viennensis</em> treated with either cyetpyrafen or bifenazate showed a marked decrease in P450 levels at 12 h. Furthermore, more detoxification genes in both species were activated in response to bifenazate or cyetpyrafen. Differential metabolic detoxification mediated by P450 and GST genes may primarily account for the distinct responses of these species to bifenazate and cyetpyrafen. These findings reveal the distinct detoxification capacities of the two species in response to acaricides and highlight the importance of applying species-specific management strategies for these pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of carboxylesterase gene mediates resistance to indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura","authors":"Yao Shi ,&nbsp;Hengji Wang ,&nbsp;Mengyu Wang,&nbsp;Zi Tang,&nbsp;Qingqi Meng,&nbsp;Ziquan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolan Liao,&nbsp;Li Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play a critical role in metabolic resistance to insecticides of insects. But fewer CarEs were associated with insecticide bioactivation in insects. Previous findings showed that four CarE genes were downregulated in the indoxacarb resistant populations of <em>Spodoptera litura.</em> In this study, qPCR verification showed that the expression of <em>SlituCOE067</em> was downregulated in the resistant strains and gradually decreased after exposure to indoxacarb. Silencing of <em>SlituCOE067</em> increased the cells viability of <em>S. litura</em> against indoxacarb, and further knockdown of <em>SlituCOE067</em> reduced the sensitivity of larvae to indoxacarb. Overexpression of <em>SlituCOE067</em> in transgenic fruit flies decreased the tolerance to indoxacarb. Molecular modeling and insecticide docking predicted that SlituCOE067 protein can bind tightly to indoxacarb instead of its activated product N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW). Heterologous expression and metabolism experiment proved that recombinant SlituCOE067 can promote the activation of indoxacarb into DCJW, but cannot metabolize DCJW. These results comprehensively demonstrate that downregulation of <em>SlituCOE067</em> can reduce the activation metabolism of indoxacarb and mediate the resistance of <em>S. litura</em> to indoxacarb. This study reveals a new mechanism of insecticide resistance caused by blocking the activation of insecticides in lepidoptera insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of CYP3002B2, a cytochrome P450 associated with amitraz and flumethrin resistance in the major bee parasite Varroa destructor","authors":"Konstantinos Mavridis ,&nbsp;Dimitra Tsakireli ,&nbsp;Spyridon Vlogiannitis ,&nbsp;Jason Charamis ,&nbsp;Inga Siden-Kiamos ,&nbsp;Angelina Fathia Osabutey ,&nbsp;Victoria Soroker ,&nbsp;John Vontas","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beekeeping worldwide is increasingly threatened by the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em>, whose management relies heavily on synthetic acaricides such as amitraz and flumethrin. However, the growing incidence of acaricide resistance in <em>V. destructor</em> presents a significant global challenge to apiculture. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance to these compounds in a <em>V. destructor</em> population exhibiting reduced susceptibility to both amitraz and flumethrin. Specifically, bioassays revealed that the resistant population (IL-R) displayed 35.0 % mortality in response to amitraz and 39.5 % mortality to flumethrin, in contrast to &gt;90 % mortality observed in the susceptible IL-L and ATH-S populations. The resistance phenotype was not strongly associated with any of the known target site mutations; the putative amitraz resistance mutation F290L in the <em>Octβ2R</em> gene, and the pyrethroid resistant mutation L925V in the <em>vgsc</em> gene, were found at low frequencies (8.6 % and 13.6 % respectively). Transcriptomic analysis, comparing gene expression levels between the resistant population and two susceptible populations, revealed that resistance is associated with the overexpression of several cuticle genes and the cytochrome P450 gene <em>CYP3002B2</em>. CYP3002B2 was functionally expressed in <em>E. coli</em>, exhibiting catalytic activity against multiple model substrates and effectively metabolizing both amitraz and flumethrin. The predominant product of amitraz metabolism is likely an inactive, hydroxylated form of the insecticide, rather than any of the known activated/toxic metabolites of amitraz. These findings are crucial for evidence-based <em>V. destructor</em> management, as CYP3002B2 is the first detoxification enzyme shown to metabolize two major acaricides from different modes of action classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}