Pathobiology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Implementation and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Paris Classification for Reporting Urinary Cytology in Voided Urine Specimens: A Cyto-Histological Correlation Study in a Cancer Center.","authors":"João Lobo,&nbsp;Cláudia Lobo,&nbsp;Luís Leça,&nbsp;Ângelo Rodrigues,&nbsp;Rui Henrique,&nbsp;Paula Monteiro","doi":"10.1159/000527980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Paris classification highlights the need to focus on accurately identifying high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Herein, we aimed to assess the overall implementation and diagnostic performance of the Paris classification for reporting urinary cytology in a cancer center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All urinary cytology reports from July 2018 to December 2019 were collected (n = 1,240). Only voided urine samples were included (n = 1,180). Risk of high-grade malignancy (ROHM) was calculated for each Paris category. The diagnostic performance of urinary cytology was assessed, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of categories was: 0.3% unsatisfactory, 90.5% negative for HGUC, 5.6% atypical urothelial cells (AUC), 1.6% suspicious for HGUC, 1.9% HGUC, and 0.1% other malignancies. No diagnosis of low-grade urothelial neoplasia was given. The ROHM was 21.4% for negative for HGUC, 66.7% for AUC, 91.7% for suspicious for HGUC, and 100% for HGUC. When using suspicious for HGUC as a cutoff, the diagnostic performance of urinary cytology in identifying HGUC histology was 46% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 96% PPV, 68% NPV, and 74% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specificity of urinary cytology was very high (with only 1 false-positive result), which is important since this will trigger a clinical intervention. The ROHM for each category was in accordance with literature, except for AUC where ROHM was slightly higher (66.7%). This may be explained by the study population characteristics (cancer center; many patients treated with intravesical therapies; lack of clinical annotation for patients referred from outside institutions).</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Inflammation of Breast Tumors after Needle Biopsy.","authors":"Cruz McCarty, Misung Yi, Senna Sous, Macall Leslie, Ezza Tariq, Priya Dondapati, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Shreya Nuguri, Natalie Hills, Marielle Wilkerson, Rachel Davis, Sidra Mesiya, Hallgeir Rui, Inna Chervoneva, Roy Zhang, Takemi Tanaka","doi":"10.1159/000524668","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000524668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Needle biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis of breast malignancy. Significant histologic changes due to tissue damage have been reported in solid tumors. This study investigated the association between time from needle biopsy and inflammation in breast tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 73 stage I-II invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed by image-guided needle biopsy who had surgery as their first definitive treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Time from biopsy to surgical excision ranged from 8 to 252 days. Histological sections of surgically resected tumors with a visible needle tract were reviewed by histologic evaluation. Data were analyzed by McNemar's test for proportional differences, and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to assess the association between immune cell prevalence and clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characteristic histology changes, including foreign body giant-cell reaction, synovial-cell metaplasia, desmoplastic repair changes, granulation tissue, fat necrosis, and inflammation, were frequently detected adjacent to the needle tract. Spatial comparison indicated that a higher proportion of cases had neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages adjacent to the needle tract than tumors distant from it. The presence of inflammatory cells adjacent to the needle tract was not associated with time from biopsy or subtype. Still, plasma cells were associated with residual carrier material from biopsy markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Macrophages and eosinophils are highly abundant and retained adjacent to the needle tract regardless of time from the biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Changes in Pathology and Our Understanding of Disease.","authors":"Edwin Jun Chen Chew,&nbsp;Puay Hoon Tan","doi":"10.1159/000526024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of pathology involves human dissections, autopsies, microscopy, as well as the development of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Through these methods, our understanding of anatomy and disease improved, and models of pathogenesis were gradually refined over time. This review discusses key milestones in the development of pathology as a branch of medical science, from ancient civilizations to the modern day.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9578509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The More Extensive the Spread through Air Spaces, the Worse the Prognosis Is: Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Spread through Air Spaces in Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas.","authors":"Noémi Zombori-Tóth,&nbsp;Dóra Paróczai,&nbsp;Judit Lantos,&nbsp;Szintia Almási,&nbsp;Anita Sejben,&nbsp;László Tiszlavicz,&nbsp;Gábor Cserni,&nbsp;József Furák,&nbsp;Tamás Zombori","doi":"10.1159/000525456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extent of spread through air spaces (STAS) is less investigated among patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent sublobar resection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the extent of STAS semi-quantitatively, to assess its prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and to investigate the reproducibility of this assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The number of tumour cell clusters and single tumour cells within air spaces was recorded in three different most prominent areas (200x field of view). The extent of STAS was categorized into three groups, and the presence of free tumour cluster (FTC) was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one patients were included. Recurrence was more frequent with higher grade (p = 0.003), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.027), and presence of STAS of any extent (p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, presence of FTC (HR: 5.89; 95% CI: 1.63-21.26; p = 0.005) and more pronounced STAS (HR: 7.46; 95% CI: 1.60-34.6; p = 0.01) had adverse impact on OS and RFS, respectively. Concerning reproducibility, excellent agreement was found among STAS parameters (ICC range: 0.92-0.94).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>More extensive STAS is an unfavourable prognostic factor in adenocarcinomas treated with sublobar resection. As the evaluation of extent of STAS is reproducible, further investigation is required to gather more evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Effusion Lymphoma in an HIV-Negative Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Dasatinib.","authors":"Ivo N SahBandar,&nbsp;Chandler B Sy,&nbsp;Tayler van den Akker,&nbsp;David Kim,&nbsp;Julia T Geyer,&nbsp;Amy Chadburn,&nbsp;Ethel Cesarman,&nbsp;Giorgio Inghirami,&nbsp;John N Allan,&nbsp;Momin T Siddiqui,&nbsp;Madhu M Ouseph","doi":"10.1159/000530429","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a malignant lymphomatous effusion, which by definition is Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8-positive. PEL typically occurs in HIV-infected patients but can also occur in HIV-negative individuals, including in organ transplant recipients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently the standard of care for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), BCR::ABL1-positive. Although TKIs are extremely effective in treating CML, they alter T-cell function by inhibiting peripheral T-cell migration and altering T-cell trafficking and have been associated with the development of pleural effusions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of PEL in a young, relatively immunocompetent patient with no history of organ transplant receiving dasatinib for CML, BCR::ABL1-positive.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We hypothesize that the loss of T-cell function secondary to TKI therapy (dasatinib) may have resulted in the unchecked cellular proliferation of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected cells, leading to the emergence of a PEL. We recommend cytologic investigation and KSHV testing in patients being treated with dasatinib for CML who present with persistent or recurrent effusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly Confirmed Female Donor-Transmitted Lobular Breast Cancer to Male following Renal Transplantation.","authors":"Jonah M Cooper,&nbsp;Benzion Samueli,&nbsp;Elad Mazor,&nbsp;Waleed Kian,&nbsp;Hadar Goldvaser,&nbsp;Gal Ben-Arie","doi":"10.1159/000524479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000524479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lobular breast cancer represents 10%-15% of breast cancers in women but is virtually nonexistent in men, related to the typical absence of the anatomic breast lobule structure in male breast tissue. We describe donor-transmitted metastatic lobular carcinoma to a male after kidney transplantation. Determining whether a post-transplant cancer is transplant associated, donor transmitted, or donor derived is significant for treatment, prognosis, and possibly management of other organ recipients.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 74-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain and macro-hematuria. Past medical history included two renal transplantations. Computed tomography identified a 4-5-cm space-occupying lesion in the native left kidney. A left native nephrectomy was performed. Histology pathologic examination demonstrated lobular (as opposed to ductal) breast carcinoma. Fluorescent in situ hybridization probes to identify X- and Y-chromosomes showed tumor cells with an XX genotype, whereas the surrounding host cells were of XY genotype. These findings confirmed the female-sex origin (donor) of the tumor within the XY native male (current patient) tissues.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Due to discordance between the donor and recipient sex, fluorescent in situ hybridization as a molecular technique correctly identified the origin of an individual's cancer in the post-transplant setting. The metastatic breast cancer behaved more indolently than usually seen. Expanded criteria donors (ECD) are those who cannot donate under standard criteria for organ transplantation; expanded criteria widen the potential organ donor pool at the expense of increased risk for post-transplant complications (e.g., graft failure, the transmission of malignancy). The case provides a potential area of future research into considering allowing ECDs with a distant history of cancer with very low transmission risk when the biochemical environment of the recipient would, in the unlikely event of transmission, induce the tumor to pursue an indolent clinical course.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow Cytometry Analysis Reveals a Wide Cytologic and Immunophenotypic Spectrum of Peripheral B Lymphocytes in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Hung-Lin Liu,&nbsp;Chun-Kai Liao,&nbsp;Shao-Wen Weng,&nbsp;Lee-Yung Shih,&nbsp;Chih-Chi Chou,&nbsp;Huey-Ling You,&nbsp;Ming-Chung Wang,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Huang","doi":"10.1159/000526284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma commonly associated with B-cell dysregulation. Correlations involving B-cell dysregulation and clinicopathological features remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively collected blood samples from 11 AITL patients and 17 healthy controls. The percentages of B-cell subpopulations and lymphocytes with IL-21 production were assessed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology was evaluated microscopically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six of 11 (54.5%) patients presented with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Three of 11 (27.3%) tumor biopsies showed monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The patients exhibited significantly lower levels of naive (p < 0.001) and class-switched (p < 0.001) B cells than controls. The percentages of IgD-CD27- B cells (p = 0.007) and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) (p = 0.001) were increased. Blood smears revealed atypical lymphocytes and immature plasma cells with morphological diversity. In comparison to normal controls, IL-21 production significantly increased in CD4+ (p < 0.001) and CD8+ (p = 0.020) T cells. B-cell clonality, RHOA G17V mutation, and the presence of sheets of clear cells and immature/mature plasma cells in lymph nodes were significantly associated with percentages of class-switched B cells and ASCs. The patients with circulating EBV DNA had a lower percentage of naive B cells (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrated a wide spectrum of peripheral B-cell morphologies and immunophenotypes of peripheral B cells in AITL. These findings correspond to dysregulated B-cell immunity and heterogeneous clinicopathological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9581250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000526108","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000526108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9931138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis and Extensive Dendriform Ossification with Persistent Viral Load: A Rare Presentation of Post-COVID-19 Condition in Need of Lung Transplantation.","authors":"Jasmin Dionne Haslbauer, Ivana Bratic-Hench, Katharina Cima, Anna Katharina Luger, Katja Schmitz, Florian Augustin, Christoph Krapf, Daniel Hoefer, Ivan Tancevski, Alexandar Tzankov, Judith Löffler-Ragg","doi":"10.1159/000525457","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000525457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence, presentation, and predisposing factors of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are currently poorly understood. Lung explants may provide a rare insight into terminal SARS-CoV-2-associated lung damage and its pathophysiology. A 62-year-old man presented with progressively worsening respiratory symptoms after recovering from mild COVID-19 3 months earlier. No underlying pulmonary comorbidities were reported. A chest CT revealed bilateral extensive ground-glass and reticular opacities, suspicious of pulmonary fibrosis. Despite initial high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, the interstitial lung disease progressed, and after exhausting all viable therapeutic options, bilateral lung transplantation was successfully conducted. Histological analysis revealed extensive end-stage interstitial fibrosis with diffuse dendriform ossification and bronchiolar and transitional cell metaplasia. Signs of interstitial remodeling such as an increased interstitial collagen deposition, a pathological accumulation of CD163+/CD206+ M2-polarized macrophages with an increased expression of phosphorylated ERK, and an increased density of CD105+ newly formed capillaries were observed. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 N-protein in the endothelium of medium-sized vessels confirmed a persistence of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight a highly unusual presentation of SARS-CoV-2-associated lung fibrosis, implying that incomplete viral clearance in the vascular compartment may play a vital pathophysiological role in the development of PASC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9719600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast as Blast Phase of JAK2-Mutated (Val617Phe Exon 14p) Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report and a Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Mirella Pace,&nbsp;Elia Guadagno,&nbsp;Daniela Russo,&nbsp;Annarita Gencarelli,&nbsp;Annunziata Carlea,&nbsp;Attilio Di Spiezio,&nbsp;Clara Bertuzzi,&nbsp;Massimo Mascolo,&nbsp;Francesco Grimaldi,&nbsp;Luigi Insabato","doi":"10.1159/000525163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming proliferation of myeloid blasts. Frequently, it arises as blast phase of pre-existing myeloproliferative, myelodysplastic disorders or consequent to bone marrow transplant. Its molecular characterization has become an increasingly important requirement for the diagnostic definition of this solid leukemia.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Our case report concerns an MS arising in the breast of a woman with a previous diagnosis of JAK2-mutated essential thrombocythemia (Val617Phe exon 14p) mimicking, on histology, a lobular carcinoma of the breast. The immunohistochemical study of the neoplasm provided the key that solved the diagnostic doubt and the immunohistochemical evaluation of NPM protein expression, which turn out to be negative, provided a clear indication on the molecular status and prognosis of the disease. A year later, the neoplasm relapsed in the pelvic area.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This diagnostic challenge led us to review the literature of the past 10 years concerning MS of the breast. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case of MS of the breast occurring in a patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia and recurred in the pelvic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9300397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}