Pathobiology最新文献

Cellular Plasticity in Malignant Transformation - Mesothelial cells. 恶性转化中的细胞可塑性-间皮细胞。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1159/000552286

Claire W Michael, Ben Davidson

{"title":"Cellular Plasticity in Malignant Transformation - Mesothelial cells.","authors":"Claire W Michael, Ben Davidson","doi":"10.1159/000552286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mesothelial proliferations range from reactive lesions to benign and malignant tumors, bearing witness to the plasticity of these cells. Their diagnosis often requires combination of morphological assessment, immunohistochemistry and molecular testing.Summary: Considerable progress has been made in recent years in all the above aspects. The separation of reactive from neoplastic mesothelial proliferations has become more robust. Mesothelioma in situ is now recognized as precursor of invasive mesothelioma and better tools exist for its differentiation from benign mimics. Differentiating mesothelial tumors from other malignancies, including metastatic carcinomas, sarcomas and other tumors is now more easily achieved. Genetic conditions which predispose to development of mesothelioma at young age have been identified and characterized. These issues are discussed in this review.Key messages: Mesothelial pathology is an evolving field and more knowledge of these processes is likely to be gained in coming years. The diagnosis of these tumors requires expert with sub-specialty in cytology, thoracic, soft tissue/bone and gynecologic pathology cooperating with surgeons, radiologists and oncologists at specialized centers.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking Chemotherapy Effects via ALDH1A1, SOX2, CD44v6, and P-gp Expression in Malignant Ascites from High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. 通过ALDH1A1、SOX2、CD44v6和P-gp在高级别浆液性癌恶性腹水中的表达追踪化疗效果。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1159/000551677

Mariana O Nunes, Diana Luísa Almeida-Nunes, Ana E C de Lima, Verónica Ferreira, Cláudia Lobo, Paula M Monteiro, Sara Carvalho, Miguel Henriques Abreu, Carla Bartosch, Sara Ricardo

{"title":"Tracking Chemotherapy Effects via ALDH1A1, SOX2, CD44v6, and P-gp Expression in Malignant Ascites from High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.","authors":"Mariana O Nunes, Diana Luísa Almeida-Nunes, Ana E C de Lima, Verónica Ferreira, Cláudia Lobo, Paula M Monteiro, Sara Carvalho, Miguel Henriques Abreu, Carla Bartosch, Sara Ricardo","doi":"10.1159/000551677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551677","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant ascites is frequently observed in high-grade serous carcinoma, yet its value as a dynamic source for molecular profiling across treatment stages remains underexplored. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of immunocytochemical analysis of malignant ascites samples from patients with high-grade serous carcinoma. A goal was to determine whether marker expression varies before and after chemotherapy and between clinical response groups. A cohort of 37 malignant ascites samples from 33 high-grade serous carcinoma patients was analysed by immunocytochemistry for ALDH1A1, SOX2, CD44v6, and P-glycoprotein. Full-volume centrifugation of malignant ascites (1-4 L) was used to maximise tumour cell recovery. A biomarker profile was considered positive if ≥1 marker showed >10% tumour cell expression. This profile was significantly more frequent in post-chemotherapy samples (72.2%) than in pre-chemotherapy samples (21.1%; p = 0.003). Stratified analysis revealed increased expression in platinum-sensitive patients following chemotherapy (60% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.032), suggesting chemotherapy-induced reprogramming rather than selection alone. Expression of P-glycoprotein was more frequent in resistant cases, though often limited to <25% of tumour cells. Survival analysis showed no significant difference in overall survival between biomarker-positive patients (p = 0.176). Our findings suggest that chemotherapy modulates the expression of cancer stem cells and resistance-related markers in high-grade serous carcinoma, potentially contributing to adaptive resistance mechanisms. Malignant ascites, particularly when processed in full, represents a valuable, minimally invasive source of tumour cells for real-time biomarker monitoring. This approach may support early identification of resistance phenotypes and inform personalised therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The HIV-1 Budding Machinery: Deconstructing the ESCRT-Mediated Scission Pathway. HIV-1出芽机制：解构escrt介导的断裂途径。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1159/000551438

Mahmoud M Yaseen, Nizar Abuharfeil

{"title":"The HIV-1 Budding Machinery: Deconstructing the ESCRT-Mediated Scission Pathway.","authors":"Mahmoud M Yaseen, Nizar Abuharfeil","doi":"10.1159/000551438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551438","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits the host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to mediate the final step of its life cycle-virion budding and membrane scission. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current molecular and structural insights into the hierarchical recruitment and functional integration of ESCRT components by the viral Gag polyprotein. Particular emphasis is placed on the PTAP and YPXₙL late domain motifs within the p6 region of Gag, which engage distinct adaptor proteins, Tsg101 (ESCRT-I) and ALIX, to orchestrate the ordered assembly of downstream ESCRT-III polymers and the VPS4 ATPase that catalyzes membrane fission. The review further delineates the redundancy and adaptability of these recruitment pathways, the modulatory role of ubiquitin signaling, and the influence of membrane composition and cellular context on budding efficiency. Emerging data linking ESCRT function to viral persistence, immune evasion, and therapeutic susceptibility are critically evaluated. Unresolved mechanistic questions concerning ESCRT-III dynamics, VPS4-driven remodeling, and the spatial regulation of scission events are also identified. Collectively, this analysis establishes an integrated conceptual framework for understanding ESCRT-dependent HIV-1 egress and highlights potential molecular interfaces for targeted antiviral intervention.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum. 勘误表。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1159/000550993

引用次数: 0

FAT1 Is Differentially Expressed in Cancers Affecting the Serosal Cavities. FAT1在影响浆膜腔的癌症中有差异表达。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1159/000551734

Ben Davidson, Arild Holth

{"title":"FAT1 Is Differentially Expressed in Cancers Affecting the Serosal Cavities.","authors":"Ben Davidson, Arild Holth","doi":"10.1159/000551734","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551734","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: FAT1 is mutated in many types of cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic role of FAT1 protein in cancers affecting the serosal cavities.Methods: FAT1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 256 effusions (139 peritoneal, 116 pleural, 1 pericardial), consisting of 96 tubo-ovarian carcinomas, 56 breast carcinomas, 44 mesotheliomas, 28 uterine corpus and cervical carcinomas, 15 lung carcinomas, 13 gastrointestinal carcinomas, and 4 cancers of other origin.Results: FAT1 expression was most common in gastrointestinal carcinomas (12/13; 92%), followed by lung (9/15; 60%), breast (31/56; 55%), and uterine cervical (4/8; 50%) carcinomas, with infrequent expression in other tumors, including tubo-ovarian carcinomas (5/96; 5%). Mesotheliomas were uniformly negative. Staining of a limited series of surgical specimens showed comparable results for patient-matched breast carcinomas (29/41; 71%), whereas tubo-ovarian carcinomas were more frequently positive (16/57; 28%), though often focally, compared to effusions. Eight epithelioid mesotheliomas were negative (0/8; 0%). Survival analysis for 42 breast carcinoma patients with effusion for whom clinical data were available showed no association with overall (p = 0.398) or disease-free (p = 0.255) survival.Conclusion: FAT1 is commonly expressed in carcinomas of gastrointestinal, lung, or breast origin but is rarely expressed in tubo-ovarian carcinoma effusions and is absent in mesothelioma. Whether this difference is of use in the diagnostic setting remains to be established.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147531721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Natural Killer T-Cell Therapy for Tumors: Promise and Progress. CAR-NKT细胞治疗肿瘤：希望与进展

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000551197

Ruo-Bing Wang, Xuan Wang, Kun-Kun Han, Guo-Dong Chen, Yi-Li Yang, Xin Xu, Tao Zhang

{"title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Natural Killer T-Cell Therapy for Tumors: Promise and Progress.","authors":"Ruo-Bing Wang, Xuan Wang, Kun-Kun Han, Guo-Dong Chen, Yi-Li Yang, Xin Xu, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000551197","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Therapy based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered invariant natural killer T cells (chimeric antigen receptor natural killer T [CAR-NKT] cells) is an innovative cellular immunotherapy strategy that offers advantages over conventional CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.Summary: This article reviewed the research progress and current application of CAR-NKT cells in solid tumors. Current studies have shown that CAR-NKT cells can efficiently recognize tumor-associated antigens, infiltrate the tumor microenvironment, and exert antitumor effects through direct killing and cytokine secretion. Compared with CAR-T therapy, CAR-NKT therapy exhibits stronger antitumor potency and a reduced incidence of graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, CAR-NKT cells can enhance antitumor immunity by regulating dendritic cells, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells. Early clinical trials for neuroblastoma and preclinical trials for other solid tumors have shown good safety and preliminary efficacy, and therapies have great potential for clinical translation.Key messages: However, this therapy still faces challenges such as optimizing antigen selection, insufficient in vivo expansion and persistence, tumor heterogeneity, and immune suppression barriers. Future directions include advancing cytokine engineering and combination therapies. Collectively, CAR-NKT cells provide new ideas and new means to break through the difficulties in treating solid tumors and hold the promise of becoming the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significantly Decreased Progesterone Receptor Expression in Corded and Hyalinized Variant of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma: A Potential Cause of Resistance to Progestin Treatment. 子宫内膜样腺癌带状和透明变异体中黄体酮受体表达显著降低：黄体酮治疗耐药的潜在原因。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1159/000549857

Uiree Jo, Bong-Hee Park, Chang Ohk Sung, Kyu-Rae Kim

{"title":"Significantly Decreased Progesterone Receptor Expression in Corded and Hyalinized Variant of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma: A Potential Cause of Resistance to Progestin Treatment.","authors":"Uiree Jo, Bong-Hee Park, Chang Ohk Sung, Kyu-Rae Kim","doi":"10.1159/000549857","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549857","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The corded and hyalinized variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (CHEC) is a biphasic tumor composed of cords of epithelioid and/or spindle cells (CoES) within hyalinized or chondroid stroma, which is often misdiagnosed as carcinosarcoma. CHEC predominantly occurs in younger women, and it has a favorable clinical outcome. Thus, many patients wish to preserve their fertility and undergo conservative treatment. This study investigated a selective loss of progesterone receptor (PR) in the CoES component and reported clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of CHEC.Methods: A total 6 patients with CHEC between 2004 and 2021 were searched. We performed immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), PR, β-catenin, E-cadherin, cytokeratin, p53, and Ki-67.Results: The patients were 21-40 years old. All of the tumors were FIGO grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) intermingled with CoES component. Notably, PR expression was completely lost in the CoES component in contrast to the EAC component, with a significantly different expression pattern of cytokeratin, ER, β-catenin, and E-cadherin from the areas of typical EAC. Four of the 6 patients initially received exogenous progestin treatment, and two of them ultimately had a hysterectomy after progestin treatment. All 4 patients treated with progestin had persistent tumors at the last follow-up curettage or hysterectomy.Conclusion: Considering the usual high rate of complete remission with progestin treatment in patients with EAC, the high rate of persistent tumors in our case series suggests that CHEC may be intrinsically resistant to progestin treatment due to the lack of expression of PR in the CoES component.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malignant Progression of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma-Imitating Fibrous Meningioma in a Child Carrying a Germline CHEK2 Mutation. 携带种系CHEK2突变的儿童的sega -模仿纤维脑膜瘤的恶性进展

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1159/000550591

Bartosz Szmyd, Marcin Braun, Agata Pastorczak, Dariusz Jan Jaskólski, Joanna Madzio, Karolina Miarka-Walczyk, Zuzanna Urbańska, Wiesława Grajkowska, Joanna Trubicka, Dariusz Adamek, Dobromiła Barańska, Wojciech Młynarski, Joanna Trelińska

{"title":"Malignant Progression of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma-Imitating Fibrous Meningioma in a Child Carrying a Germline <italic>CHEK2</italic> Mutation.","authors":"Bartosz Szmyd, Marcin Braun, Agata Pastorczak, Dariusz Jan Jaskólski, Joanna Madzio, Karolina Miarka-Walczyk, Zuzanna Urbańska, Wiesława Grajkowska, Joanna Trubicka, Dariusz Adamek, Dobromiła Barańska, Wojciech Młynarski, Joanna Trelińska","doi":"10.1159/000550591","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550591","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) predominantly occurs in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Here, we present an unusual aggressive transformation of SEGA-imitating fibrous meningioma in a child carrying a germline CHEK2 mutation.Methods: This case study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric oncology center in accordance with current diagnostic and therapeutic standards. Tumor classification followed WHO CNS5 criteria and was complemented by genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. Comprehensive molecular workup included germline and somatic whole exome sequencing, copy number analysis, and RNA sequencing.Results: An 8.5-year-old girl presented with an intraventricular tumor initially diagnosed as SEGA based on imaging and partial resection histology. Treatment with an mTOR inhibitor led to 4 years of stability before rapid progression and death due to postoperative brain edema. Re-examination of both specimens revealed transformation into an aggressive anaplastic meningioma, while the initial lesion was reclassified as fibrous meningioma. Whole exome and microarray analyses excluded germline TSC1/TSC2 defects but identified a pathogenic germline CHEK2 variant (c.1466del, p.Asn489ThrfsTer23). Somatic alterations involving NF1 and TP53 were found in the primary tumor.Conclusions: Constitutional CHEK2 mutations combined with somatic NF1 defect may have promoted the malignant progression of SEGA-imitating fibrous meningioma and its favorable initial response to mTOR inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis: A Review on Biomarkers. 肾细胞癌诊断的生物标志物研究进展

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1159/000550723

Agnese Orsatti, Fernanda Fernandes-Pontes, João Ricardo E Silva, Nuno Tiago Tavares, Carmen Jerónimo, Rui Henrique, Ângelo Rodrigues, Costantino Ricci, João Lobo

{"title":"Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis: A Review on Biomarkers.","authors":"Agnese Orsatti, Fernanda Fernandes-Pontes, João Ricardo E Silva, Nuno Tiago Tavares, Carmen Jerónimo, Rui Henrique, Ângelo Rodrigues, Costantino Ricci, João Lobo","doi":"10.1159/000550723","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550723","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease, with the last World Health Organization (WHO) classification introducing several novel entities, among which the molecularly defined RCCs. This growing complexity highlights the need for integration of morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular techniques, ensuring accurate classification and reducing the \"RCC not otherwise specified (NOS) category.\"Summary: Molecular assays such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are increasingly necessary for diagnosing molecularly defined RCCs. IHC remains fundamental for diagnosing both \"old\" and newly defined RCCs, representing a surrogate for molecular alterations such as fumarate-hydratase and succinate-dehydrogenase deficiency, anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements, SMARCB1 loss, and TFE3 rearrangements. However, entities like ELOC-mutated RCC require molecular testing for diagnosis. Liquid biopsy offers a further diagnostic tool. Circulating microRNAs can support diagnosis, classification, and monitoring. Furthermore, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation analyses and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer promising and minimally invasive tools for stratification, though their clinical use is still evolving.Key messages: A precise diagnosis integrating histopathology, IHC, and molecular testing is critical for guiding management, identifying hereditary syndromes, and implementing personalized tumor biology-based therapies. With evolving molecular diagnostic and circulating biomarkers, careful clinical integration is needed to optimize outcomes and treatment.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Power of MUC2 in Mucinous Adenocarcinomas. MUC2在粘液腺癌中的作用。

IF 2 4区医学

Pathobiology Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1159/000550592

Kemal Behzatoğlu

{"title":"The Power of MUC2 in Mucinous Adenocarcinomas.","authors":"Kemal Behzatoğlu","doi":"10.1159/000550592","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550592","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In cancers, key prognostic determinants such as clinical stage and mutational load are well recognized. However, mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACs) display distinct biological behavior as a large proportion of their tumor volume consists of extracellular mucin, predominantly the MUC2 protein, rather than neoplastic cells. MUC2 provides a protective barrier for cancer cells against external factors, including chemotherapeutic agents and cytotoxic lymphocytes, while its anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive properties paradoxically support tumor persistence and immune evasion.Summary: Excessive mucin secretion and its viscoelastic properties facilitate rapid local expansion and dissemination into adjacent tissues. These effects are particularly significant in organs that open into body cavities, such as the colon and appendix, whereas they are less pronounced in confined organs such as the breast. In ductal organs, overexpression of MUC2 may promote early invasion through pressure-induced disruption of ductal structures.Key messages: Consequently, in MACs, tumor location and organ architecture, alongside clinical stage and mutational profile, are critical determinants of biological behavior. Accurate differential diagnosis and therapeutic approaches should address both organ-specific pathways and MUC2-related mechanisms, including its structural, anti-inflammatory, and tumor-suppressive functions. MUC2-targeted therapies may thus represent a promising adjunct to conventional, organ-based treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":19805,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0