Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Rhynchophorus</i> Beetle Larval Haemolymph Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.","authors":"Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Billy Johnson Kepel, Tilesky Caprizio Phoanda, Stephanie Lukita, Trina Ekawati Tallei","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.543.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.543.548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The emergence of methicillin-resistant community-acquired &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;and antibiotic-resistant &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt; has raised significant concerns. Efforts to combat resistance involve the exploration of novel alternative therapies, particularly those derived from insect components. &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., a coconut pest commonly found in Southeast Asia, has haemolymph that exhibits bactericidal properties&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the haemolymph of &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae as an antimicrobial agent against Methicillin-resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; (MRSA) and &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae were gathered for the purpose of haemolymph extraction. These larvae were then divided into distinct groups, with one group subjected to immunization using &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, while another group was left unimmunized. The study utilized the well diffusion method to evaluate antibacterial effectiveness. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Haemolymph fluid extracts from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia&lt;/i&gt; coli-immunized &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae, exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with an average value of 19.3±0.47 mm, against MRSA, more enhanced compared to unimmunized larvae. In contrast, haemolymph fluid extracts from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;-immunized &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae demonstrated a more moderate antibacterial activity, with a mean of 14.17±0.27 mm, against &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;, a level similar to unimmunized larvae. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The haemolymph extracted from &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus &lt;/i&gt;sp., beetles larvae exhibited antimicrobial effects against MRSA and &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;, particularly when it is enhanced through &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Saudi Society's Awareness of the Hazards of Scented Candles and Air Fresheners.","authors":"Leen Abdullah Alghariri, Renad Sultan Alanzi, Reem Oudah Albalwi, Lamees Fuad Garot, Hadeel Saud Alqbali, Mervat Sayed Mohamed","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.510.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.510.515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Air fresheners and scented candles are dangerous for human health and the environment. They are associated with allergies and irritation for a weak respiratory system. This study was conducted to determine the extent of community awareness of the toxicity associated with scented candles and air fresheners. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study uses a questionnaire from March, 2023 to June, 2023. The study questionnaire, which was completed by 1667 participants, assesses the degree of knowledge, habits and diseases connected to scents and candles. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were used. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; It was discovered that, on average, 568 (34.1%) people are unaware that candles contain chemicals. As 1497 (89.8%) are prepared to replace them with natural and safer candles, while 163 (9.8%) consulted a doctor after exposure to candles because of respiratory allergies; 1093 (65.5%) do not care to check the ingredients before buying a candle and 854 (51.2%) are unaware that candles might cause long-term damage. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A significant portion of participants were unaware of the dangers of scented candles and air fresheners. There is no link between respiratory allergies and the substances present in these candles, but it has been proven that most participants are ready to change and use natural alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ethanol Extract of Soursop (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) Stem Bark on Rat Liver Function.","authors":"Masykur, Nurdin, Lukman Hakim, Rosnizar, Widya Sari, Munira Ulfa, Novi Yana Sari, Ria Ceriana","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.516.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.516.528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Paracetamol does not cause toxic effects if given in therapeutic doses, namely below 4 g per day. Use of paracetamol at a dose of more than 4 g per day can result in hepatotoxicity. This study aims to compare the hepatoprotector potency of the ethanol extract of soursop stem bark (&lt;i&gt;A. muricata&lt;/i&gt;) against the enzyme activity of SGOT and SGPT in rats induced by toxic doses of paracetamol. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprised of 6 treatment groups and 3 replications. Total 27 white male rats were induced hepatotoxicity with 1350 mg of paracetamol on the 7th day, except for normal control (K0) which was given aquadest. The tested animals received akuades as the negative control (K-) 11.34 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt., of Hepa-Q as the positive control (K+), ethanol extract stem bark &lt;i&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/i&gt; at a dose of 150 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; BB (P1), 300 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; BB (P2) and 600 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; BB (P3). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of SGOT and SGPT after giving ethanol extract of soursop (&lt;i&gt;A. muricata&lt;/i&gt;) stem bark. The best treatment for reducing SGOT and SGPT levels in rats induced by paracetamol was the administration of ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;A. muricata&lt;/i&gt; stem bark at a dose of 600 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; BB. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that all ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/i&gt; L. stem bark (EEAMSB) doses had the potential to reduce the levels of AST and ALT in paracetamol-induced rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lactic Acid and pH of Probiotic Yogurt on Peak Production of Laying Hens.","authors":"Alfinira Sekar Rosiyanti, Lovita Adriani, Rahmad Fani Ramadhan, Safri Ishmayana","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.529.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.529.533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Probiotic yogurt is beneficial for laying hens because it can improve the animal's hematological status which will improve livestock health, therefore it is hoped that probiotic yogurt can increase the production of laying hens. This research was conducted to determine the lactic acid levels and pH of probiotic yogurt, probiotic yogurt's effect on feed conversion ratio and total production of laying hens. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The research was carried out using experimental methods using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 8 replications so the total sample was 40. The treatment consisted of P0: Basal ration; P1: Basal diet+2% probiotic powder B1 (&lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium&lt;/i&gt; spp. and &lt;i&gt;L. acidophilus&lt;/i&gt;), P2: Basal ration+3% probiotic powder B1, P3: Basal diet+2% probiotic powder B2 (&lt;i&gt;L. bulgaricus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. thermophilus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;L. acidophilus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;B. bifidum&lt;/i&gt;) and P4: Basal ration+3% probiotic powder B2. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Lactic acid content in probiotic yogurts B1 is 0.945% and B2 is 0.638%. Based on the results of statistical analysis using the variance test, show that giving probiotic powder to laying hens has a significant effect on the feed conversion ratio and has no significant effect on the production of laying hens. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Based on the results of statistical analysis using the variance test, it shows that giving probiotic powder to laying hens has no significant effect on the production of laying hens during the peak period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Circulating 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Receptor and Molecular Response in Multiple Myeloma","authors":"Zahraa Abdulwahaab Abdulrazaq, Mushtak Talib Salih Al-O, Nabeel Mudhir Talib","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.472.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.472.481","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) regulate several body processes related to metabolism, immunological function and oncogenesis. Low vitamin D levels are recognized as associated with a higher incidence of hematologic malignancies and poor outcomes. This study aims to determine whether vitamin D levels and VDR contribute to multiple myeloma (MM). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled twenty-five patients diagnosed with MM. Ages and gender were matched between patients and healthy groups. Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) was detected for all patients. Also, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were recorded. The PCR products were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Sanger sequencing to detect VDR gene polymorphism including (FokI, ApaI and Tru9I). Results: This study revealed that an M spike was detected in five patients newly diagnosed with MM. According to vitamin D levels 84% of patients had a vitamin D deficiency. In the RFLP technique, FokI CT, ApaI AA and Tru9I GG genotypes were highly distributed in patients. Additionally, the MM group had a significant frequency of the T allele in the FokI (44.0%), the A allele in the ApaI (68.0%) and the A allele in the Tru9I (30.0%). Conclusion: The SPEP is an easy-to-perform laboratory test that can be used to detect and quantify monoclonal proteins. Low vitamin D level of less than 20 ng mL1 is associated with an increased prevalence of MM and a worse response to treatment. In addition, VDR gene polymorphisms may be a molecular marker of MM risk.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Effects of Fig Leaf Extract and Orlistat on Obesity, Kidney and Liver of Rats","authors":"Abdulrahim Aljamal, Mahmoud Al Shawabk, Kawther Amawi, Taha Alqadi, Alia Khwaldeh","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.458.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.458.462","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Obesity is a global health epidemic associated with various health complications. This study investigates the potential effects of ethanolic fig leaf extract and orlistat on obesity, as well as their impact on kidney and liver function in a rat model, aiming to contribute to the development of strategies for managing obesity-related health issues. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats with hypercholesterolemia were divided into four groups: Group one served as a control and received a normal diet, group two was a control group that was fed a high-fat diet, group three received a high-fat diet with a daily force-fed ration of 3 g kg1 b.wt., of fig leaves and group four received a high-fat diet along with daily administration of orlistat at 4 mg kg1 b.wt. Blood samples were collected from all groups at baseline and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Rats in the high-fat diet group showed a significant increase in body weight by 49%, while rats treated with fig leaf extract showed a significant decrease in body weight by 18% (p<0 .01) and treatment with orlistat resulted in 12% elevation in body weight. Renal function markers creatinine and urea were decreased in the group treated with fig leaves. Liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP decreased significantly in the group treated with fig leaves and orlistat. Albumin and globulin concentrations decreased more with fig leaf extract than with orlistat. Conclusion: Fig leaves and orlistat reduce body weight and improve kidney and liver function in hypercholesterolemic rats.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought Stress Decreases Morphophysiological Characteristics of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre a Biodiesel Tree","authors":"Ni Luh Arpiwi, I. Ketut Muksin, Song Ai Nio","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.463.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.463.471","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Drought stress is a condition of water shortage in plants. One tree species targeted for planting on marginal lands is Pongamia pinnata which produces oil for biodiesel feedstock. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the morphophysiological response of Pongamia pinnata and its resistance mechanism under drought stress at the seedling stage. Materials and Methods: Three months old Pongamia seedlings were given 4 treatments of watering intervals, namely every day (control) and every 7th, 14th and 21st day at field capacity indicating no stress, moderate stress, high stress and very high stress, respectively. Measurement of growth parameters was carried out every month for 4 months. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%. Results: Very high drought stress reduced plant survival to 60% at 3 MAP (month after planting) and dead at 4 MAP. Both moderate and high drought stresses slow down height growth. Both specific leaf area and leaf area ratio decreased dramatically by 45.7 and 63.74%, respectively at a very high drought stress treatment at 3 MAP. Root length decreased slightly by 18.40% at very high drought stress. Total plant dry weight decreased by 15.9 and 46.4% by high and very high drought stress respectively. Leaf pigment content decreased sharply to very high drought stress. Conclusion: Pongamia seedlings survived under moderate and high drought stress. This was achieved by reducing plant height, leaf area, dry weights and pigment content. The resistance mechanism was drought avoidance, achieved by dropping leaves and maintaining root growth.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Thermoregulatory Mechanisms of the Body: Review","authors":"Wessam Mansour Filfilan","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.453.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.453.457","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in metabolism, energy balance and thermogenesis. The mechanisms whereby thyroid hormone increases heat production have been analyzed with emphasis in more recent developments. Thyroid hormone increases obligatory thermogenesis as a result of the stimulation of numerous metabolic pathways involved in the development, remodeling and delivery of energy to the tissues. In this section, alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will be contrasted with the physiological characteristics of TH-dependent regulation in response to fasting and exposure to cold. The current review will discuss the situation with regard to regional thyroid hormones in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and more specifically, in peripheral cells. When caused by exposure to cold or fasting, local anomalies in the CNS are distinct from peripheral compartments, in contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differ when similar changes are observed. Lower hypothalamic TH concentrations are associated with cold exposure, although higher peripheral TH levels. The TH tendency is reversed by fasting. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism impair them. The current study aims to trace the various mechanisms used by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy production process.","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioengineered <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Silver Nanoparticles.","authors":"Areej Awadallah, Afaf Hasan Al-Nadaf","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.493.503","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.493.503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Research has demonstrated the antibacterial, anti-angiogenetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties of colloidal silver due to its biological, optical and electrical properties. The aim of this study was the anti-inflammatory effect of the silver bioengineered nanoparticles by using the acetonitrile-unripe fruit extract of &lt;i&gt;Juglans regia&lt;/i&gt; L., on experimental animal model. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The study uses various techniques to characterize nanoparticles, including ultraviolet spectra, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared. The study used carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as an induction model for inflammation and assessed its antinociceptive effects in mice using the formalin test. As well as evaluation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF and IL-1. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The produced AgNPs were more compact and stable, according to physical characterization methods compared to chemical prepared nanoparticles. The formulation combining unripe fruit bio-reduced nanoparticles and extract, UF, shows a greater acute anti-inflammatory effect, while leaf extract has a better late anti-inflammatory effect. These bioengineered nanoparticles show efficient &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; anti-acute inflammation, reducing skin inflammation through decreased cellular infiltrates and cytokine release. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Juglans regia&lt;/i&gt; L., extract and silver nanoparticles show notable effects in both the early and late stages of the antinociceptive formalin test. While, bioengineered NP/UF and NP/LV can be used as topical analgesics. The potent topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of these medications provide a sufficient basis for the use of this plant material in dermatological products.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Etlingera hemisphaerica</i> Alters One-Dimensional Profile of Serum Proteins Due to Mercury Chloride in Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"Aceng Ruyani, Deni Parlindungan, Dian Samitra, Zico Fahrur Rozi, Ulfa Maria Fauziah, Liya Agustin Umar, Kartika Sari","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.482.492","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.482.492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Several previous studies have shown that leaf ethanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Etlingera hemisphaerica&lt;/i&gt; (LE3H) has the potential to reduce the toxicity and teratogenicity effects of mercury. This study aimed to describe the effects of LE3H on the protein profile of &lt;i&gt;Rattus norvegicus&lt;/i&gt; serum due to treatment with HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Four groups of male rats, K1 was injected intraperitoneally (IP) HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (5 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.), K2 was injected IP HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (5 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.) and after 24 hrs it was gavage LE3H (0.27 mg g&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.) every day for seven days, K3 was injected IP HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (5 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.), after 24 hrs was gavage LE3H (0.55 mg g&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.) every day for seven days. The K0 as control, received double-distilled water. On the ninth day, the experimental animals were killed via CD and blood was drawn from the heart to obtain serum. Serum samples were measured for protein content using the Lowry and serum was separated using the One-Dimensional Sodium dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) technique. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The electropherograms showed four bands, 264.77, 219.53, 98.57 and 37.29 kDa, whose intensity significantly increased due to HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; treatment and then decreased to close to the control condition with LE3H administration. The results also revealed four bands, 31.95, 28, 06, 26, 29 and 15.09 kDa, whose intensity decreased significantly due to HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; treatment and then increased to close to the control condition by LE3H administration. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The LE3H change profile of the eight blood serum protein bands due to HgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; approximates the control condition in &lt;i&gt;R. norvegicus&lt;/i&gt;.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}